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0.42 ha)), production ('000 metric tonnes), and yield (kg/ha) for broad beans, lentils, and chick-peas in Egypt during the 1950-1977 period. TABLE 1. Average area ('000 feddans (1 feddan = Chick-peas Broad beans Lentils Year Area Prod. Yield Area Prod. Yield Area Prod. Yield 1950-54 328 225 163! 74 47.5 1527 12.0 8.2 1617 1955-59 353 238 1605 80 48.0 1436 11.0 7.1 1525 1960-64 365 282 1837 77 48.0 1489 11.0 8.0 1650 1965-69 349 299 2037 65 39.7 1444 9.2 6.3 1639 1970-74 283 280 2361 64 50.1 1868 8.2 6.1 1759 1975-77 266 261 2265 57 33.8 1407 9.4 6.8 1726
either cereals or cotton. As it is difficult to increase the area under legume cultivation due to limitations on land reclamation and competition from other winter crops, research geared to increasing production in Egypt is primarily focused on increasing yield per unit area. This research is carried out at Ministry of Agriculture research institutes and stations throughout the country (Fig. 1), and consists mainly of breeding, agronomic investigations, varietal purification, and the propagation of foundation stocks. Breeding The major goals of the broad bean breeding program are the incorporation of resistance to the major pests and diseases (including Orobwiche) and early maturity into stable and high-yielding varieties that have seeds of a high nutritive and cooking quality. For lentils and chick-peas, however, the main priorities are to produce early maturing varieties that are resistant to root rot and wilt diseases and adapted to production conditions in the Nile Delta area. The introduction of such varieties will pave the way for an expansion of the lentil and chick-pea acreages into this nontraditional production region. Since the early stages of legume improvement work in Egypt, the dominating breeding procedure has involved selection in local populations and in segregating generations following intervarietal crosses (individual plant selection as part of a pedigree breeding system). The success of this effort was limited by the narrow germ-plasm pool of local landraces, which was insufficient to ensure a broad genetic base to the breeding efforts. However, this handicap has been largely eliminated as a result of the provision of a large germ-plasm collection of diverse geographical origin through the ALADIDRCICARDA regional cooperative legume improvement program initiated in 1972. A number of entries of broad beans showing good resistance to chocolate spot and rust, the major diseases of this crop, have been identified from this material. Other varieties with high protein contents, lodging resistance, and/or desirable yield components have also been found. An expanded breeding program has been initiated to combine these attributes with the adaptation to the local environment shown by native cultivars. This scheme involves hybridization followed by compositing promising lines of early generations for cross-polination by honey bees to produce improved populations. The traditional pedigree and improved bulk selection breeding methods will, however, be retained to produce populations for use in hybridization and pure-line breeding. An intensive crossing program is planned for the production of new lentil and chick-pea lines from this recently introduced material. This will be accompanied by further screening and testing of the introductions and selected material for resistance to root rotwilt diseases and adaptability to production in the Nile Delta region. Promising material arising out of all these breeding efforts is included in a network of yield trials designed to evaluate its performance in the various different environmental regions of the country (see Fig. I). The breeding work to date has resulted in the release of the following improved food legume cultivars: Crop Cultivar Special characteristics Broad beans Giza I Tolerant to chocolate spot and rust; adapted to North Delta region. Giza 2 Wide adaptability; recommended for South Delta and Middle Egypt areas. Rebaia 40 Adapted to Upper Egypt. Giza 3 Replacement for Giza I. Giza 4 Replacement for Rebaia 40. Lentils Giza 9 Adapted to rainfed basin regions. Chick-peas Giza I Large seeded; recommended for the Delta and Middle Egypt areas. Family 2 Small seeded; Adapted to all regions. 42
Page 1 and 2: I I ARCHIV 35914 o kI.k J k.. 1 ,1
Page 3 and 4: Food Legume Improvement and Develop
Page 5 and 6: Section V Food Legume Development G
Page 7 and 8: Foreword It is well established tha
Page 9 and 10: unless the rains are sufficiently e
Page 11 and 12: Evaporation Because several differe
Page 13 and 14: ainfall actually stored in the soil
Page 15 and 16: plant water use appear to be less a
Page 17 and 18: TABLE I. Average pulse production s
Page 19 and 20: TABLE 3. Average production (in 100
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 5. Average area (in 1000 hect
Page 23 and 24: increase achieved in Algeria (Table
Page 25 and 26: iological structure of existing far
Page 27 and 28: COST OF FNPLTS F ER TI LI ZEN. LABO
Page 29 and 30: wheat, with the variety Mexipak bei
Page 31 and 32: Chemical composition of grain legum
Page 33 and 34: The cooking process serves to softe
Page 35 and 36: Despite these proven advantages, th
Page 37 and 38: usts in the coastal and subcoastal
Page 39 and 40: The world collections of lentils an
Page 41: LFDKU DAMNH 1N .BOUR 0105 MINIA EGY
Page 45 and 46: Sowing Date Investigations over the
Page 47 and 48: the continued use of manual operati
Page 49 and 50: PALESTINE 10 SHOBAKO --200, . .f !4
Page 51 and 52: the production processes are carrie
Page 53 and 54: J \. A A A CHICKPEA r LENTIL ( \ .,
Page 55 and 56: Karaj College of Agriculture in 196
Page 57 and 58: TABLE 1. Area (ha), production (met
Page 59 and 60: Food Legume Research and Developmen
Page 61 and 62: TABLE 1. Total area (in '000 feddan
Page 63 and 64: appreciably improved and the nitrog
Page 65 and 66: Varietal Improvement Breeding activ
Page 67 and 68: Area (ha), production (metric tonne
Page 69 and 70: Research Activities Legume research
Page 71 and 72: or tolerance to these diseases and
Page 73 and 74: Area (ha), production (metric tonne
Page 75 and 76: treatment with insecticides such as
Page 77 and 78: Crop CYPRUS !AREAS WHERE FOOD LEGUM
Page 79 and 80: Field Peas (Pisum sativum) Peas are
Page 81 and 82: Broad Beans (Viciafaba) and Dry Pea
Page 83 and 84: not turn it; three ploughings are n
Page 85 and 86: provinces of Shoa and Gojam yielded
Page 87 and 88: TABLE I. Area (ha), production and
Page 89 and 90: Food Legume Improvement in the Peop
Page 91 and 92: Food Legume Production in Libya Au
Page 93 and 94:
with a mean annual precipitation of
Page 95 and 96:
Food Legumes in India A. S. Tiwari
Page 97 and 98:
variety of forms. The most common o
Page 99 and 100:
Sectioti ITT Disease Problems on Le
Page 101 and 102:
importance during the 1976-77 seaso
Page 103 and 104:
Besides its more obvious effect on
Page 105 and 106:
ecorded as Mycosphaerella rabiei),
Page 107 and 108:
Food Legume Diseases in Ethiopia Al
Page 109 and 110:
lines for resistance toAscochyta bl
Page 111 and 112:
TABLE 2. Effect of SBBMV on the com
Page 113 and 114:
Section IV Major Pests and Weeds of
Page 115 and 116:
common and widely distributed. The
Page 117 and 118:
mm long. It has small dark spots an
Page 119 and 120:
Life Cycle B. rufimanus resembles t
Page 121 and 122:
Insect Pests of Chick-pea and Lenti
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probably the most damaging, startin
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Some Insect Pests of Leguminous Cro
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The Biology and Control of Orobanch
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haustorium, is composed of undiffer
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0. crenata has been noted; and the
Page 133 and 134:
which show very little persistence;
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TABLE 1. A comparison of the tolera
Page 137 and 138:
Accentuation of Weed Control Proble
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Chemical Solubility in water Amt wa
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Genetic Resources of Grain Legumes
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TABLE I. Distribution, altitude, an
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Cultivars in Current Use Currently
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and multilocation trials. Detailed
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Lentil Breeding The lentil improvem
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USSR, and countries of Central and
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smallest of the food legume collect
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The "double podding" condition, whe
Page 157 and 158:
esidual moisture after the winter r
Page 159 and 160:
In general, lentils, however, are g
Page 161 and 162:
yields. Studies in Sudan have estab
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Salinity Tolerance Chick-peas are h
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Excessive water supply can damage t
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The Role of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixa
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40 30 20 10 40 30 LOCAL LARGE i-h 1
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The ICRISAT Chick-pea Program with
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five lines yielding significantly b
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TABLE 2. International nurseries an
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Methods of Population Improvement i
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After three seasons of recombinatio
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een quoted extensively; however, th
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(4) the coordination and support of
Page 185 and 186:
Conferences and Workshops This comp
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experienced personnel, and the cons
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assist developing countries in thei
Page 191 and 192:
The Food Legume Improvement and Dev
Page 193 and 194:
The Role of IDRC in Food Legume Imp
Page 195 and 196:
Section VII Recommendations for Pr
Page 197 and 198:
damage caused by them in the variou
Page 199 and 200:
Section 1 Abu-Shakra, Mirza S.S., a
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Ayoub, AT. 197 1/72/73a. Ful masri
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changing plant morphological charac
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Bond, D.A., and Pope, M. 1970. Fact
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Nene, Y.L., and Reddy, M.V. 1976. P
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Section V Abu Salih, H.S., Ishag, H
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Khan, T.N. 1973. A new approach to
Page 213 and 214:
1977b. Methods of breeding broadbea
Page 215 and 216:
HACHEMI, Dr Lounes Institut de dév
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