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B.Tan Overview of the Turkish Textile and Apparel Industry 10 Note that, in the report, the numbers for apparel and textiles combined are the sum of the corresponding numbers for textile and apparel given separately. This summation is done without any adjustment according to the relative price changes of the two categories. The wholesale prices indices from 1980 to 1998, given in Table 2, show that the wholesale apparel prices have increased more than the wholesale textile prices. Table 2. Relative price changes in textile and apparel. Wholesale Price Index (1980=1) 32 321 322 p321/p322 Textile and Apparel Textile Apparel 1982 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.931288 1983 1.8 1.8 1.9 0.903674 1984 2.5 2.5 2.6 0.962363 1985 3.4 3.3 3.2 1.035824 1986 4.7 4.5 4.4 1.019223 1987 6.9 6.8 6.7 1.010993 1988 11.8 11.6 12.3 0.946467 1989 19.6 19.5 21.4 0.910012 1990 29.5 29.2 32.9 0.885462 1991 43.9 43.1 50.2 0.857617 1992 70.1 68.5 81.9 0.836574 1993 107.9 101.5 138.8 0.731527 1994 249.4 246.6 285.0 0.865102 1995 471.2 442.0 593.8 0.744319 1996 748.6 676.4 999.2 0.676984 1997 1378.0 1249.5 1856.9 0.672871 1998 2287.1 2073.9 3082.1 0.672871
B.Tan Overview of the Turkish Textile and Apparel Industry 11 2. . Imports Imports and and Exports Exports Exports Turkey is the world’s sixth largest apparel exporter, and the fifteenth largest textile exporter in the world (Table 3 and 4). Turkey is also the largest textile and the second largest apparel supplier to the European Union (Table 5). (According to the Turkish Clothing Manufacturers Association (TGSD) export figures, Turkey was the fifth largest apparel exporter in the world and the largest textile supplier of the European Union.) Although the share of Turkey in the world’s export markets is 0.4%, the share of the Turkish textile and apparel sector is 4.1%. The textile and apparel industry in Turkey depends heavily on exports. Turkey’s exports account for, approximately, 58% of the woven textiles output, 70% of the apparel output, and 63% of the textile and apparel output (Dunya, 1998). In addition to these export figures, a substantial amount of textile and apparel has been bought by small traders who travel back and forth from Russia, Ukraine, other former Soviet republics, and Eastern Europe. This so-called “suitcase trade” is estimated to account for $8.8 billion in 1996. After the Russian crisis, this number is estimated to have dropped to $3.6 billion in 1998, and $1.7 billion in 1999 according to the Turkish Treasury’s numbers. Turkey’s textile exports have increased by 97% from 1990 to 1998. During this time, the apparel exports increased by almost 150%. The percentage of textile and apparel exports in total exports has been over 36% for the last five years (Table 6). Although the growth of the textile and apparel exports has been quite steep in the last twenty years, in 1999, Turkey faced a drop in the total export value for the first time after almost thirty years. This was caused by the earthquake, economic problems, problems in the world markets, and currency fluctuations. Since 66% of apparel exports are sent to European Union, the depreciation of EURO against USD affects the Turkish export performance. While 1 EURO was equivalent to $1.16 in January 1999, its value went down to $1.01, or
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