EVALUATION OF FOUR SORGHUM HYBRIDS THROUGH THE ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Abstract: With an increasing number of people with celiac disease, the need for gluten-free products is on the rise. Sorghum is a grain tolerated by celiac patients which can be used in gluten-free foods. The grain and flour of four sorghum hybrids were characterized through physical and chemical means. Hybrids included: Fontanelle-625 (F-625), Fontanelle-1000 (F-1000), ATx631xRTx2907 (NE#20), and 5040C. Grain characterization included Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) and abrasive hardness index. Flour characterization included flour and starch particle size distributions, total starch, amylose content, starch pasting properties, moisture, crude protein, and ash content. Significant differences were found (p
Introduction: An estimated 1-2 percent of adults and 4-8 percent of children suffer from food allergies (Lehrer and others 2002). There are eight major food allergens responsible for about 90% of food allergies. The eight major food allergens are: milk, eggs, fish, Crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans (U.S. Federal Department of Agriculture 2004). With wheat being one of the major food allergens, the need for wheat-free foods has been observed. Furthermore, wheat is a gluten-containing grain that poses a threat to those with celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the upper small intestine resulting from the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals (Case 2006). In 2003, the University of Maryland Center for Celiac Research in Baltimore, conducted a study that found that 1 out of 133 Americans have celiac disease. More recent estimates are 1:100 Americans are affected by this disease (Case 2006). The increase in prevalence of celiac disease has caused a bigger demand for gluten-free products. From 2004 to 2005 alone, sales of gluten-free foods increased 14.6% or 77.8 million dollars (University of Chicago Celiac Disease Program 2006). With an increasing number of people being diagnosed with celiac disease and the market for gluten-free products thriving, there is a perfect opportunity to create new products using sorghum. Sorghum is a gluten-free cereal grain grown world-wide. According to the U.S. Grains Council (2008), grain sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop grown in the world. In the U.S., grain sorghum is the third most important. In 2006, the United States produced 393.7 million bushels of sorghum. Of the U.S. 48
Page 1 and 2:
EVALUATION OF FOUR SORGHUM HYBRIDS
Page 3 and 4:
compared to a gluten-free wrap alre
Page 5 and 6:
Flour Characterization Starch Isola
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 LIST OF FIGURES 1. Mechan
Page 9 and 10: 4. Comparison of color, pH, water a
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I cannot begin to t
Page 13 and 14: most important. As a continent, Afr
Page 15 and 16: Before this act, ingredients in foo
Page 17 and 18: Mechanism of Actions According to B
Page 19 and 20: symptoms similar to allergic reacti
Page 21 and 22: Table 1. Symptoms of Celiac Disease
Page 23 and 24: Treatment If an individual is diagn
Page 25 and 26: MARKET FOR GLUTEN-FREE PRODUCTS In
Page 27 and 28: This exported sorghum may be used f
Page 29 and 30: sorghum, White sorghum, and Mixed s
Page 31 and 32: The actual proportion of the three
Page 33 and 34: fiber (Bach-Knudsen and Munck 1985)
Page 35 and 36: preference towards white sorghums w
Page 37 and 38: cassava starch, and raw cassava sta
Page 39 and 40: (about 5 min.). Waniska and others
Page 41 and 42: easily. These tortillas are best fo
Page 43 and 44: starch, and leavening acids, is a c
Page 45 and 46: Gliadin, which is a prolamin charac
Page 47 and 48: gluten matrix can hold some of the
Page 49 and 50: LITERATURE CITED Aboubacar A, Hamak
Page 51 and 52: Federal Register. 2007. Food Labeli
Page 53 and 54: Murty DS, Singh U, Suryaprakash S,
Page 55 and 56: Subramanian V, Jambunathan R, Suury
Page 57: Chapter 2: Grain and Flour Characte
Page 61 and 62: The cleaned grain was then analyzed
Page 63 and 64: Starch Particle Size Distribution:
Page 65 and 66: Moisture Content: The moisture cont
Page 67 and 68: products. Grain hardness can also b
Page 69 and 70: Flour Characterization Flour Partic
Page 71 and 72: Starch Particle Size Distribution:
Page 73 and 74: Total Starch: The total starch cont
Page 75 and 76: Table 4. Comparison of total starch
Page 77 and 78: 66 Table 5. Comparison of starch pa
Page 79 and 80: create a flour of a specific ash co
Page 81 and 82: Conclusions: This study has shown t
Page 83 and 84: Evers AD, Stevens DJ. 1985. Starch
Page 85 and 86: Schober TJ, Bean SR, Boyle DL. 2007
Page 87 and 88: Abstract Gluten-free flour tortilla
Page 89 and 90: following five states in ranking or
Page 91 and 92: increased. This is probably due to
Page 93 and 94: than a typical tortilla process. Ov
Page 95 and 96: Table 1. Formulation for sorghum fl
Page 97 and 98: of 1.00 mm/s, test speed of 1.00 mm
Page 99 and 100: values. Calibration was performed b
Page 101 and 102: flour to use was determined by memb
Page 103 and 104: Table 2. Comparison of weight, diam
Page 105 and 106: Also, starch damage was found to be
Page 107 and 108: Color: Significant differences were
Page 109 and 110:
98 Table 4. Comparison of color, pH
Page 111 and 112:
3.83 (TVM) to 8.00 (F-625). Grittin
Page 113 and 114:
102 Table 6. Comparison of texture
Page 115 and 116:
104 Table 8. Comparison of texture
Page 117 and 118:
Table 9. Comparison of scores from
Page 119 and 120:
REFERENCES Bejosano FP, Joseph S, L
Page 121 and 122:
Appendices 110
Page 123 and 124:
Appendix 2. Average starch particle
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix 4. RVA curve for F-1000. 1
Page 127 and 128:
Appendix 6. RVA curve for 5040C. 11
Page 129 and 130:
118 Appendix 8. RVA curve for TVM.
Page 131 and 132:
TEXTURE (in the hand) Roughness: Th
Page 133 and 134:
Hardness: The relative resistance t
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix 11: CONSUMER PRE-SCREENING
Page 137 and 138:
SAMPLE: 571 Please check only one b
show all

EVALUATION OF FOUR SORGHUM HYBRIDS THROUGH THE ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?