THE AGRARIAN RURAL HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY

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Forty-five percent of respondents had received some kind of agricultural training, with Limpopo and E Cape having the highest proportions. Training was most common in respect of land reform, communal land and commonage tenure categories, and low amongst farm dwellers. . Only 16% of households had been visited by a government extension officer in the past year. Extension support was more common in KZN and least common in Limpopo. Seven percent of households had access to production credit, with almost a quarter in E Cape but less than 10% elsewhere. There was a positive correlation between access to extension services and levels of production, especially of maize and chickens. There was a negative relationship between access to agricultural training and production levels. The relationship between production credit and production levels was mixed. This may suggest training and credit are inappropriate or not properly targeted. FARM WORKER CONDITIONS Fifty-four percent of farm workers in the respondent households were women. The majority of farm workers (78%) interviewed were permanently employed and 5% of workers were employed by labour brokers (all in the Cape Winelands). Compliance with basic conditions of employment was between 65% (maternity leave) and 92% (annual leave). Seventy-one percent of workers received the minimum wage, and 79% were registered for Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF). Compliance was generally lower for women workers than men. EVICTIONS Four organisations asked questions about evictions, covering farm dwellers but also other respondents. Eleven percent of households experienced eviction in the past 10 years, while 13% indicated a current threat of eviction. The situation was much worse in KZN (only amongst labour tenants in Amajuba), with 32% saying they had experienced evictions in the past 10 years and 48% indicating a current threat of evictions. This is a flashpoint that should attract TA’s attention. Seventeen percent of those in informal settlements (in Rawsonville in the Cape Winelands) indicated a current threat of evictions. 5 The majority of those who faced evictions (73%) looked first to civil society organisations for support, mainly at advice offices. Of the quarter that turned to government, the majority went to the municipality, despite the existence of a Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR) national support programme. ORGANISATION In 63% of respondent households someone was a member of an organisation. Religious organisations were the most common (87% of households), followed by burial associations (55%), political parties (54%) and farmer associations (52%). In 30% of households there were members in savings groups, and 20% had members in movements or campaigns. Only 9.4% of households belonged to a water forum. Membership of religious organisations may be passive, for example, members might merely attend church once a week and otherwise not be involved. Thus, membership does not necessarily indicate active participation. Over 80% of households in land reform, informal settlements/towns and commonage-type categories had members in some kind of organisation. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS While government and private sector resources are being invested into building a black commercial smallholder sector to feed into formal agri-food value chains, this is likely to benefit only a small minority of producers. The survey showed that the marginalised majority of producers are TA’s core constituency. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS • Focus on improving agricultural production for household use and sales to local markets; • Learn from and strengthen local distribution systems; • Facilitate immediate welfare interventions for households that are often or always hungry; • Extend secure access to grazing land, including management systems; • Improve livestock management, especially grazing systems, fodder production and health; • Extend secure access to crop land; • Integrate livestock and crop production systems; • Introduce intermediate processing and storage technologies for both livestock and crops; • Develop farmer-to-farmer participatory systems of sharing and learning; • Improve adherence to basic conditions of employment and focus on access to land for production for farm dwellers.
II foreword THE AGRARIAN RURAL HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY REPORT 6
Page 1 and 2: THE AGRARIAN RURAL HOUSEHOLD ECONOM
Page 4 and 5: i table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMA
Page 6 and 7: iii list of figures Figure 51: Wate
Page 8 and 9: I executive summary 1
Page 10 and 11: INCOME Along with food security, ho
Page 14 and 15: A MESSAGE FROM PROF. DR. MICHAEL BO
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER 01 introduction 9
Page 18 and 19: FIGURE 1: RESEARCH SITES AND DISTRI
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 02 methodology 13
Page 22 and 23: Further qualitative work is needed
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER 03 17 description of sample
Page 26 and 27: FIGURE 3: PROVINCIAL BREAKDOWN OF S
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER 01 Nationally an estimated
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER 04 demographics 23
Page 32 and 33: Across the municipalities there is
Page 34 and 35: FIGURE 9: LEVEL OF EDUCATION BY TEN
Page 36 and 37: FIGURE 10: TYPE OF EMPLOYMENT (N=1,
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER 05 31 land use
Page 40 and 41: TABLE 8: FORMS OF TENURE AND KEY TE
Page 42 and 43: TABLE 9: CROP LAND SIZE (N=1,260) T
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER 06 income 37
Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER 01 Wages cover a wide spect
Page 48 and 49: CHAPTER 01 In KZN our sample was de
Page 50 and 51: The small percentage who indicated
Page 52 and 53: FIGURE 17: HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY PROV
Page 54 and 55: 47 access to food The survey looked
Page 56 and 57: FIGURE 20: HUNGER BY TENURE TYPE (N
Page 58 and 59: CHAPTER 01 In nearly half the cases
Page 60 and 61: Only one in 10 rural households can
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TABLE 12: A TYPICAL FOOD BASKET FOR
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57 livestock ownership, sales and m
Page 66 and 67:
CHAPTER 01 Chickens are the most wi
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FIGURE 31: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
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FIGURE 33: AGGREGATE CHANGES IN HER
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FIGURE 36: LIVESTOCK SALES A relati
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8.3 LIVESTOCK VALUE CHAINS AND AGRO
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CHAPTER 09 69 crop production, sale
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FIGURE 39: PERCENTAGE PRODUCING DIF
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FIGURE 42: DISAGGREGATED FARM DWELL
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FIGURE 45: CROP SALES BY CROP TYPE
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FIGURE 48: % OF RESPONDENTS IN DIFF
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CHAPTER 10 79 water access & agricu
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FIGURE 50: WATER SOURCE FOR CROPS B
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There are generally low levels of e
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We carried out a similar exercise f
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87 farm worker conditions Although
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CHAPTER 12 evictions 89
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FIGURE 57: EVICTIONS AND THREAT OF
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Informal settlements are a relative
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TABLE 17: DOES ANYONE IN YOUR HOUSE
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CHAPTER 14 97 key findings and reco
Page 106 and 107:
OBJECTIVES AND SURVEY FINDINGS RECO
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101 annexure 2 CONSOLIDATED SITUATI
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TABLE 1: GEOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW OF RES
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Even today, 25 or more years since
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5. MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Agricul
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6. LAND REFORM AND AGRICULTURE 6.1
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Concentration of agro-processing fa
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6.2 Land reform and tenure In all t
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In some municipalities, the redistr
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8. CONCLUSION This situation analys
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eferences Action Aid (2011) ‘On t
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Jacobs, P. (2012) ‘Protecting foo
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THE AGRARIAN RURAL HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY

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