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Andrius Litvinaitis, Lina Bagdžiūnaitė-Litvinaitienė 16. Saarijärvi K., Virkajärvi P., Heinonen T.H., Taipalinen I. (2004) N and P leaching and microbial contamination from intensively managed pasture and cut sward on sandy soil in Finland, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 621–630. 17. Tripolskaja L. (2004) The effects of long -term fertilizer use on soil properties in the lysimetric stations, Agriculture. Scientific articles, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 28–41. 18. Ulén B., Jakobsson C. (2005) Critical evaluation of measures to mitigate phosphorus losses from agricultural land to surface waters in Sweden, Science of the Total Environment, vol. 344, no. 3, pp. 37–50. ReseaRch foR RuRal Development 2012 <strong>RESEARCH</strong> OF NUTRIENTS MIGRATION OF SANDY SEDIMENT AERATION ZONE OF THE RIVER BANK BUFFER AREA 173
tHe Influence of dIfferent Humus layers on tHe draInage runoff durIng dIfferent seasons otilija Miseckaitė, Liudas Kinčius Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania e-mail: otilija.miseckaite@asu.lt abstract Hydro-physical properties of heavy or presses soil as well as water regime may be improved by various ways, taking into account the texture of soil and climatic conditions. Drainage is the tool for productive farming and economic benefit generation. Hydrological activity of drainage typically depends on project installation quality, anthropogenic and climatic factors. It is important to assess drainage activity under different meteorological conditions. One of methods to improve drainage performance is its installation with thickened humus layer. Lithuanian soil humus layer is close to arable layer and is equal to approximately 20–25 cm. The impact of humus on heavy-textured soil is multiple, since not only moisture regimes, biological activity, sorption capacity, chemical and biological characteristics, stability of plant nutrition are related with its quantity. The dynamics of drainage activity in soil with thickened (up to 40–50 cm) humus layer and with humus layer of natural thickness (20–30 cm) during various seasons of period of 1989–2009 is reviewed. Especially important indicator of drainage functioning – water runoff dynamics. The present article analyses the variation of climatic conditions and drainage runoff in the object. It is determined that the lowest quantity of precipitation in the researched territory during the research period is in spring and winter but the highest – in summer and autumn. During the research period the highest drainage runoff in the field I was during winter season (46.3%), in the field II – in winter and spring almost the same (32–33%). Key words: runoff, drainage, humus layer. Introduction Climatic conditions and physical geographic factors determine the fact that in the territory of Lithuania, there are 3.4 million hectares of too wet land or about 86% of total agricultural area, which may be used extensively and productively only after drainage (Lukianas and Ruminaitė, 2009). Climate change impact on flora receives increasing attention around the world (Fuhrer, 2003). Multi-annual sequences of air temperatures have shown the increase of temperature during all seasons, except autumn (Meilutytė-Barauskienė et al., 2008). Drainage flow largely depends on climatic conditions, drainage level, nature of soil, plants grown, etc. When there is more precipitation and lower temperature in warm periods, runoff is higher. During cold season the runoff increases at higher temperature (Ramoška and Morkūnas, 2006). Jin et al. (2008) confirm the importance of soil temperature on drainage activity. Precipitation distribution in a territory and their change within a year has a great impact on hydrological phenomena, soil formation and plantgrowing seasons (Bukantis et al., 2009). Climate change impact on flora has increasing attention around the world (Fuhrer, 2003). Air temperature and moisture content generally determines the duration of plants vegetation and development, size of yield. The influence of meteorological conditions occurs not only directly on the yield, but also on its quality indicators (Kupčinskas et al., 2003; Šidlauskas and Švedas, 2001). WATER MANAGEMENT The activity of drainage systems mainly depends on materials used and installation conditions (Rimidis, 2001). One of methods to improve drainage performance – its installation with thickened humus layer. Lithuanian soil humus layer is close to arable layer and is equal to approximately 20–25 cm. (Dirsė et al., 2002). The impact of humus on soil in Lithuanian territory has been described by many authors (Maikštėnienė et al., 2007; Dirsė et al., 1992). In order to control runoff, it is necessary to know the periodicity of drainage activity, runoff and factors, which determine it. Controlled drainage is important, seeking to control hydrological cycle and in order to use water resources (Zhonghua et al., 2006). Drainage damming by intercepting runoff may be considered as a measure, promoting the rational use of water resources and reduction of environmental impact (Morkūnas and Ramoška, 2001). Controlled drainage is recognized as an advanced management mode, limiting nitrogen and phosphorus elution from soil and its fall onto the pools of surface water (Evans et al., 1995). By controlling the intensity of drainage runoff a large part of runoff and dissolved chemical substances are intercepted (Wesstrom et al., 2001). In order to control runoff, it is necessary to know the periodicity of drainage activity, runoff and factors, which determine it. However, there is no detail analysis about relation between humus quantity and seasonal drainage runoff quantity. The mentioned analysis allows determining the impact of humus layer on drainage runoff distribution during the year and the impact of local conditions. The 174 ReseaRch foR RuRal Development 2012
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Annual 18th International Scientifi
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Research for Rural Development 2012
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FORESTRY AND wOOD PROCESSING RURAL
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ECONOMICS Contents Aija Jaunmuktane
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INDIVIDUAL TREE IDENTIFICATION USIN
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lItter Invertebrate communItIes In
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LITTER INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN
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HETEROBASIDION SPP. IN PICEA ABIES
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HETEROBASIDION SPP. IN PICEA ABIES
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SOME PECULIARITIES OF LABORATORY ME
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DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF COMMON J
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DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF COMMON J
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THE ASSESMENT OF VEGETATION DIVERSI
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tHermal Weed control In norWay spru
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THERMAL WEED CONTROL IN NORWAY SPRU
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THERMAL WEED CONTROL IN NORWAY SPRU
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BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN
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EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF FOREST REG
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system analysIs of productIvIty and
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND
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EVALUATION OF FOREST REGENARATION R
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EVALUATION OF FOREST REGENARATION R
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MONITORING RESULTS OF ROUND WOOD UT
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Kristiāns Štekelis Latvia Univers
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QUALITY CONTROL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS
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QUALITY CONTROL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS
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Impact of provenance on Wood and fI
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IMPACT OF PROVENANCE ON WOOD AND FI
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IMPACT OF PROVENANCE ON WOOD AND FI
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SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) ST
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ReSeARCh oF ′DuRATion oF LoAD′
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RESEARCH OF ′DURATION OF LOAD′
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LOW-EMISSION HEAT INSULATION FOR RO
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LOW-EMISSION HEAT INSULATION FOR RO
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REGULATED STREAMS REHABILITATION US
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ASSESSMENT OF BIOINDICATION METHODS
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ASSESSMENT OF BIOINDICATION METHODS
Page 123 and 124: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDS
Page 125 and 126: CHURCHYARD ELEMENTS IN LATGALE UPLA
Page 131 and 132: CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS IN FORMER MI
Page 133 and 134: CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS IN FORMER MI
Page 137 and 138: ASSESSMENT OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL
Page 143 and 144: PUBLIC PERCEPTION ABOUT LANDSCAPES
Page 151 and 152: MIKLOUHO-MACLAY PARK - THE OBJECT O
Page 153 and 154: probabIlIty dIstrIbutIons of Wave H
Page 155 and 156: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF WAVE H
Page 161 and 162: THE INFLUENCE OF CROPPING SYSTEMS D
Page 167 and 168: esearcH of nutrIents mIgratIon of s
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Page 177 and 178: THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT HUMUS LA
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Page 185 and 186: asIc factors of parlIament electIon
Page 187 and 188: BASIC FACTORS OF PARLIAMENT ELECTIO
Page 193 and 194: MOTIVATION TOOLS FOR EMPLOYEES IN R
Page 199 and 200: RISKS IN AGRICULTURE AND THEIR ASSE
Page 205 and 206: FINANCIAL DISTRESS DETERMINANTS: TH
Page 211 and 212: perspectIve of sustaInable food con
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Page 217 and 218: meldra gineite Latvia University of
Page 219 and 220: ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN KURZEME
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economIc calculatIon of sHort rotat
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ECONOMIC CALCULATION OF SHORT ROTAT
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ECONOMIC CALCULATION OF SHORT ROTAT
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polIcIes related to volunteer WorK
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POLICIES RELATED TO VOLUNTEER WORK
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POLICIES RELATED TO VOLUNTEER WORK
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an evaluatIon of usIng fuel Wood fo
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AN EVALUATION OF USING FUEL WOOD FO
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ESTIMATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACT OF C
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