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Aija Jaunmuktane POLICIES RELATED TO VOLUNTEER WORK IN LATVIA 4. Jaunatnes likums (Youth Law) (2008) Available at: http://www.likumi.lv/doc.php?id=175920, 1 January 2011 (in Latvian). 5. Jaunatnes politikas pamatnostādnes 2009. – 2018.gadam (Youth policy guidelines 2009 - 2018) (2009) Available at: http://izm.izm.gov.lv/upload_file/Normativie_akti/IZMpamn_021009.pdf, 18 August 2011 (in Latvian). 6. Jaunatnes politikas valsts programma 2005 – 2009. gadam (National Youth Policy Program 2005-2009) (2005) Available at: http://www.likumi.lv/doc.php?id=107520&from=off, 18 August 2011 (in Latvian). 7. Jaunatnes politikas valsts programma 2009 – 2013. gadam (National Youth Policy Program 2009-2013) (2009) Available at: http://www.likumi.lv/doc.php?id=196801, 18 August 2011 (in Latvian). 8. Jaunatnes politikas valsts programma 2011. gadam (National Youth Policy Program 2011) (2011) Available at: http://www.likumi.lv/doc.php?id=196801, 18 August 2011 (in Latvian). 9. Latvijas ilgtspējīgas attīstības stratēģija 2030. gadam (Latvia’s Sustainable Development Strategy 2030) (2010) Available at: http://www.latvija2030.lv, 20 April 2010 (in Latvian). 10. Latvian Labour Market 2010-2011. (2010) Available at: http://www.lm.gov.lv/upload/darbs_eng/labour_ market_10_11.pdf, 18 February 2012. 11. Likumprojekts „Brīvprātīgo darbības likums” (Draft law „Law on Volunteer Activities“) (2005) Available at: http://www.politika.lv/index.php?id=5809, 13 July 2009 (in Latvian). 12. Likumprojekts „Grozījums Civillikumā” (Draft law Amendment to the Civil Law) (2010) Available at: http://www.mk.gov.lv/lv/mk/tap/?pid=40182814, 4 January 2011 (in Latvian). 13. Likums „Biedrību un nodibinājumu likums” (Associations and Foundations Law) (2004) Available at: http://www.likumi.lv/doc.php?id=81050, 20 April 2010 (in Latvian). 14. Luse L. (2010) Ar grozījumiem Civillikumā regulēs brīvprātīgo darbu (Volunteer work will be regulated by Amendment to the Civil Law). Available at: http://lv.lv/?menu=doc&id=213468, 29 December 2010 (in Latvian). 15. National Reform Programme of Latvia for the Implementation of the “Europe 2020” strategy (2011) Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/nrp/nrp_latvia_en.pdf, 29 July 2012. 16. Skubina V. (2001) Brīvprātīgie sociālajā darbā: mācību metodiskais līdzeklis (Volunteers in Social Work: Study Guide). Riga: Sociala darba un socialas pedagogijas augstskola „Attistiba“, 114. lpp. (in Latvian). 17. Strode L. (2008) Kas regulē brīvprātīgo darbu? (What regulates volunteering?). Muzeju Valsts Parvaldes Specializdevums, 20. lpp. (in Latvian). 18. Valsts jaunatnes politikas koncepcija (2002) (National Youth Policy Concept). Available at: http://www. jaunatneslietas.lv/page/1234, 20 August 2011 (in Latvian). . ReseaRch foR RuRal Development 2012 235
an evaluatIon of usIng fuel Wood for dIstrIct HeatIng productIon In latvIa Artis Broņka, Andra Zvirbule-Bērziņa Latvia University of Agriculture e-mail: Artis_Bronka@inbox.lv; Andra.Zvirbule@llu.lv abstract One can reasonably argue that issues related to the increased use of renewable energy resources in the energy production processes in Latvia, are at the forefront and will remain there in the future. This relates to the aspect that Latvia is not rich in non-renewable energy resources (around 70% of total primary energy consumption in Latvia is ensured by import, which can lead to undesired effects in many areas), but at the same time, there are available renewable energy resources in Latvia, with an untapped potential to be recognized. In particular this applies to fuel wood, which is already (year 2012) the most important domestic fuel in Latvia. In this context it is important to emphasize that, according to the particular study results, if unexpected socio-economic developments do not take place, raw wood material resources required for different types of fuel wood production in Latvia should be available in the same amount as it is now if not more. As for increasing the amount of fuel wood use in Latvia, an enormous ‘potential’ can be seen in general use boiler houses, where there are currently no technological limitations to utilize this ‘potential’. General use cogeneration plants can be recognized as an even greater ‘potential’ for greater use of fuel wood in Latvia, but given the circumstances of energy supply in Latvia, the ‘potential’ is currently available on a very limited basis. At the same time it is important to note that both of these ‘potentials’ could be significantly reduced in the next few years. Key words: fuel wood, district heating, power sector. Introduction By studying the current situation regarding the use of the energy resources in Latvia, the focus should be on two major issues. First, the power sector of Latvia is characterized by a relatively high dependence on the supplied energy resource import. For example, in 2010 the total primary energy consumption was 200.55 PJ (peta-joules) and only 33.21% (66.58 PJ) of it was provided by local energy resources, including a 32.79% share produced from utilizing renewable energy resources (hereinafter – RES). In these circumstances, Latvia may be subject to political, commercial and legal uncertainty, associated with the supply of imported energy resources and price. In addition, there is an outflow of funds from Latvia, due to payments for the imported energy resources, which results in contributing to the economic development of another country. Second, geographically Latvia is located in northern Europe, where thermal energy is needed not only to improve the quality of life, but also serves as a prerequisite for survival during winter. If we compare three main sectors, where the society utilizes energy, it is noticeable, that the largest portion of specific energy consumption in Latvia is for heating, but the least – for electricity, whereas transportation occupies the middle position. Therefore, heating is a particularly important power sector in Latvia. An additional nuance, which must be pointed out, is that the main RES sources in Latvia are agriculture and forestry, which are scattered throughout the country. The solid biomass obtained from these sources is suitable for the production of heat using widely tested technologies brought to the market, in contrast to the so-called production technologies of ‘green’ electricity ECONOMICS (produced by the use of RES), Latvia is largely able to provide it by itself (Siltumapgāde Latvijā, 2009; Klāvs et al., 2010). By understanding the importance of the aspects and cross-correlations mentioned above, it is possible to come to a conclusion, that the approach including heat production from agricultural and forestry biomass in Latvia, by looking at the situation in general, is already becoming stressed as a significant opportunity to promote the national economy and regional economic development, as well as new energy technology and product development, and also increase the independence of Latvian power sector. This clearly defines the actuality of the research topic. In this particular study an assessment of using fuel wood of district heating in Latvia is selected as the research object. The study is delimited by the research subject, which anticipates the use of fuel wood in general use boiler houses and cogeneration plants. research aim: Evaluate the use of fuel wood for district heating in general use boiler houses and cogeneration plants in Latvia. research tasks: 1. to describe wood resources in Latvia. 2. to analyse the actual and perspective use of fuel wood for district heating in general use boiler houses and cogeneration plants in Latvia. In this particular study the words ‘fuel wood consumption in perspective’ are meant as an amount of fuel wood, which, due to a variety of circumstances, has in fact already been scheduled for energy production in the foreseeable future, by taking real actions, which ensure the predicted amount of fuel wood use. 236 ReseaRch foR RuRal Development 2012
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Annual 18th International Scientifi
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Research for Rural Development 2012
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FORESTRY AND wOOD PROCESSING RURAL
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ECONOMICS Contents Aija Jaunmuktane
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INDIVIDUAL TREE IDENTIFICATION USIN
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lItter Invertebrate communItIes In
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LITTER INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN
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HETEROBASIDION SPP. IN PICEA ABIES
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HETEROBASIDION SPP. IN PICEA ABIES
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SOME PECULIARITIES OF LABORATORY ME
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DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF COMMON J
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DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF COMMON J
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THE ASSESMENT OF VEGETATION DIVERSI
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tHermal Weed control In norWay spru
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THERMAL WEED CONTROL IN NORWAY SPRU
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THERMAL WEED CONTROL IN NORWAY SPRU
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BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN
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EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF FOREST REG
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system analysIs of productIvIty and
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND
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EVALUATION OF FOREST REGENARATION R
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EVALUATION OF FOREST REGENARATION R
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MONITORING RESULTS OF ROUND WOOD UT
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Kristiāns Štekelis Latvia Univers
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QUALITY CONTROL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS
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QUALITY CONTROL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS
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Impact of provenance on Wood and fI
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IMPACT OF PROVENANCE ON WOOD AND FI
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IMPACT OF PROVENANCE ON WOOD AND FI
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SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) ST
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ReSeARCh oF ′DuRATion oF LoAD′
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RESEARCH OF ′DURATION OF LOAD′
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LOW-EMISSION HEAT INSULATION FOR RO
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LOW-EMISSION HEAT INSULATION FOR RO
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REGULATED STREAMS REHABILITATION US
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ASSESSMENT OF BIOINDICATION METHODS
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ASSESSMENT OF BIOINDICATION METHODS
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDS
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CHURCHYARD ELEMENTS IN LATGALE UPLA
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CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS IN FORMER MI
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CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS IN FORMER MI
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ASSESSMENT OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL
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PUBLIC PERCEPTION ABOUT LANDSCAPES
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MIKLOUHO-MACLAY PARK - THE OBJECT O
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probabIlIty dIstrIbutIons of Wave H
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PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF WAVE H
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THE INFLUENCE OF CROPPING SYSTEMS D
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esearcH of nutrIents mIgratIon of s
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RESEARCH OF NUTRIENTS MIGRATION OF
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tHe Influence of dIfferent Humus la
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THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT HUMUS LA
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THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT HUMUS LA
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pneumatIc pulse metHod In tHe tecHn
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PNEUMATIC PULSE METHOD IN THE TECHN
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