The vagus nerve as a modulator of intestinal inflammation - TI Pharma

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Vagal activity enhances macrophage phagocytosis Figure 4. NAChR α4β2 activation enhances macrophage phagocytosis of Zymosan. A-D) Phagocytosis of Zymosan in shRNA transfected Mf4/4 macrophages and in PMF from WT mice, nAChRα7-/- mice or nAChRβ2-/- mice, after pretreatment with nicotine at the concentrations indicated. A) Cells were transfected with scrambled control shRNA, or shRNA specific for nAChR β2, or α7 as indicated. Numbers are given as percentage of cells positive for Zymosan, or in B) as phagocytic index as percentage of positive cells times the number of particles per cell. Asterisks indicate significant difference (P
Chapter 5 we analyzed whether nicotine induced calcium fluxes in freshly isolated peritoneal macrophages using FURA-3 probe assisted imaging. However, although macrophages respond potently to ATP, no calcium flux was observed after exposure of macrophages to nicotine at concentrations ranging from 0.1-25 μM (Supplementary Fig. 1b). Similarly, nicotine enhanced phagocytosis was not associated with enhanced Rac1 GTPase activity (Supplementary Fig. 1c) Supplementary figure 1. Cholinergic increase in phagocytosis does not involve PI3K, Akt or p38 pathways, calcium fluxes, Rac1 GTPase activity. A) Peritoneal macrophages pretreated with indicated doses of nicotine, allowed to phagocytose Zymosan particles for 5, or 10 min., lysed and analyzed by Western blot. Right graphs: quantification of optical density of phospho-PI3K as compared to PI-3K and phospho-akt, as compared to akt. Grey bars: 5 min. incubation, black bars 10 min. incubation. Gels shown are representative of 3-4 independent analyses. B) Nicotine (1µM) does not elicit intracellular calcium release in peritoneal macrophages. Representative tracing from 5 analyses. ATP added as a positive control, cells were permeabilized using 10% Triton X-100 as indicated C) Rac1 activity in Mf4/4 cells pretreated with medium (black bars) or nicotine (1mM; white bars) for the time indicated, in the presence or absence of Zymosan, were indicated. Data shown are average +/- SEM of 3 independent analyses. 88
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The vagus nerve as a modulator ofin
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The vagus nerve as a modulator of i
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Promotiecommissie Promotores: Prof.
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Table of contents Chapter 1 Introdu
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Introduction and outline The aim of
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Introduction and outline Hence, the
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Introduction and outline 18. van de
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Chapter 2 ABSTRACT The cholinergic
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Chapter 2 neurotransmitter ACh with
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Chapter 2 THE VAGUS NERVE AND CHOLI
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Chapter 2 nicotine treatment impair
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Chapter 2 Figure 1. Hypothetical sc
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Chapter 2 unclear whether this hybr
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Chapter 2 reduction of NF-κB activ
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Chapter 2 CONCLUDING REMARKS The hy
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 34 17. The FO, Boeckxstae
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 55. Moser N, Mechawar N,
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 2 93. Shafique S, Dalsing M
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3 ABSTRACT Acetylcholine re
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 by bowel manipulation 12
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3 for preparation of whole
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3 Figure 1. Nicotine attenu
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 3 Figure 2. Inhibition of m
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 3 macrophage cell lysates s
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 3 reports 2 . We next incub
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 3 Figure 5. Perioperative e
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3 Figure 7. Stimulation of
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 3 Activation of the STAT3 c
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 3 REFERENCE LIST 60 1. Trac
Page 59 and 60: 4 CHAPTER Deciphering STAT3 signali
Page 61 and 62: INTRODUCTION Deciphering STAT3 sign
Page 63 and 64: Deciphering STAT3 signaling in chol
Page 69 and 70: DISCUSSION Deciphering STAT3 signal
Page 71 and 72: REFERENCES Deciphering STAT3 signal
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 5 ABSTRACT Background and A
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 5 METHODS Reagents and anti
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 5 described previously 6 .
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 5 Figure 1 Cholinergic agon
Page 81: Chapter 5 Figure 3 Cholinergic agon
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 5 Zymosan induced formation
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5 marker CD11 c (Fig. 7E),
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 5 Our data demonstrate that
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 5 REFERENCE LIST 96 1. Boro
Page 93 and 94: Thesis E.P.M. van der Zanden The va
Page 95 and 96: Summary and conclusions The goal of
Page 97 and 98: Summary and conclusions whether the
Page 99 and 100: Summary and conclusions exposure co
Page 101 and 102: REFERENCE LIST Summary and conclusi
Page 103 and 104: Nederlandse samenvatting
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 7 van STAT3 in de ‘cholin
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 7 De bevinding dat nicotine
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 7 macrofagen aan te tonen (
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 7 18. Yu Z, Zhang W, Kone B
Page 113 and 114: Shizuo Akira Department of Host Def
Page 115 and 116: List of publications
Page 117 and 118: Dankwoord
Page 119 and 120: om de ene keer olijfolie te drinken
Page 121: Curriculum Vitae Curriculum Vitae E
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