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Investigation 4-3 Newton’s Third Law Purpose To observe demonstrations of Newton’s third law and identify the action and reaction forces Procedure Part 1: Exploding Carts Figure 4.3.2 Laboratory carts 1. Push two identical laboratory carts together so that their spring bumpers are compressed. Release the carts on a flat table or floor. Observe as they accelerate away from each other. (a) What force makes the carts accelerate? (b) Why do the two carts, of identical mass, accelerate at the same rate? (c) How does this demonstration illustrate Newton’s third law? 2. Predict what will happen if you double the mass of one of the carts by placing an extra cart on top of it. Test your prediction. (a) Has the force repelling the carts changed? (b) What has changed? 3. Try making the mass of one of the carts much greater than the mass of the other. (a) Is the force changed? (b) What has changed? 178 Chapter 4 Newton’s Laws of Motion — DRAFT © Edvantage Interactive 2011 ISBN 978-0-9864778-3-6
Part 2: Motion from Rest Photo to come Figure 4.3.3 Set-up for part 2 1. Place a piece of light plastic insulating Styrofoam board (50 cm × 25 cm × 2.5 cm) at one end of an air table as shown in Figure 4.3.3. Place a wind-up toy car or a radio-controlled car at one end of the board. Turn on the air table and start the car moving. Observe and describe what happens: (a) to the car (b) to the “road” under the car 2. How does this demonstration illustrate Newton’s Third Law? Part 3: Tug of War Figure 4.3.4 Students stretching the string 1. Tie a string between two 20 N spring balances. Have two students stretch the string between them as shown in Figure 4.3.4. What do the two spring balances read? 2. Try pulling with different forces. Compare the forces on each spring balance each time you pull on the string with a different force. Does it matter who does the pulling? 3. Try adding a third spring balance in the middle of the string. How does this demonstration illustrate Newton’s third law? Concluding Questions 1. When a car moves forward, in which direction do the wheels of the car push on the road? What force actually makes the car move forward? 2. List and discuss three examples of situations from your own everyday experience, that involve Newton’s third law. © Edvantage Interactive 2011 ISBN 978-0-9864778-3-6 Chapter 4 Newton’s Laws of Motion — DRAFT 179
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Page 7 and 8: Measuring Inertia Quick Check As a
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Page 13 and 14: 4.2 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
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