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4.3 Review Questions 1. You are playing softball and your friend throws a ball to you. You catch the ball. The action force is the impact of the ball against your glove. What is the reaction force? 2. During a golf swing, is the club impacting on the ball the action force or the reaction force? Use a diagram to illustrate your answer. 3. If a soccer player kicks a ball with a force of 100 N, what is the magnitude of the reaction force? 4. Spiderman is having a tug of war with a grade 2 student. Both are pulling very hard from opposite ends. Who exerts a greater force on the rope? Explain your answer. 5. In a demolition derby a Hummer SUV collides head-on with a SMART car. Which car experiences a greater impact force? Explain your answer. 6. During a martial arts demonstration, a black belt uses a karate chop to break a large board with her hand by exerting a force of 2000 N. What force did the board exert on her hand? 7. A few years from now after much hard work, you are an astronaut and are completing a repair of some solar panels. To do this you have to take space walk outside the International Space Station. By accident, you find yourself disconnected from the support rope and need to get back to the station. All you have is your tools with you. How can you propel yourself back to safety? 180 Chapter 4 Newton’s Laws of Motion — DRAFT © Edvantage Interactive 2011 ISBN 978-0-9864778-3-6
4.4 Momentum Warm Up Consider the following objects and motion in the two columns below: feather fast (10 m/s) marble average (5 m/s) softball slow (2 m/s) 1. Connect an object in the first column with a motion in the second column for the following situations. (a) The combination that will cause the most pain if the object hits your leg _________________________ + __________________________ (b) The combination that will cause the least pain if the object hits your leg _________________________ + __________________________ 2. Explain your reasoning for each answer. (a) __________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ (b) __________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Mass × Velocity = Momentum One of the most important concepts in physics is that of momentum. Isaac Newton first used the idea when he wrote his second law of motion. In his original version, the second law looks like this: F = m∆v t Newton called the product of mass and velocity (mv) a quantity of motion. Thus, his second law stated that the unbalanced force on an object is equal to the rate of change of a quantity of motion with respect to time. We now call the product of mass × velocity momentum and we give it the symbol p. The unit of measurement for momentum is kg•m/s. p = m∆v Newton’s second law can be written this way: F = ma = m∆v t ∆p = t Thus, the unbalanced force equals the rate of change of momentum with respect to time. © Edvantage Interactive 2011 ISBN 978-0-9864778-3-6 Chapter 4 Newton’s Laws of Motion — DRAFT 181
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