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422 N. Tolimir al. Uticaj fazne ishrane u starter periodu na proizvodne performanse i sadržaj azota u fecesu brojlera različitih genotipova N. Tolimir, L. Perić, N. Milošević, M. Đukić – Stojčić, R. Jovanović, V. Bogdanović Rezime Cilj istraživanja je da se ispita uticaj fazne ishrane, odnosno različitih smeša za ishranu brojlera u kojima je sadržaj proteina smanjen fazno u starter periodu na proizvodne osobine tovnih pilića različitog genotipa i sadržaj azota u fecesu. Razlika između grupa (tretmana) bila je u tipu smeša u starter periodu, a prema sledećem programu: T1 (kontrolna grupa) - ishrana smešom sa 23% proteina u trajanju od 1. do 21. dana; T2 - ishrana od 1. do 14. dana smešom sa 23% proteina i od 14. do 21. dana sa 20% proteina; T3 - ishrana od 1. do 7. dana smešom sa 23% proteina i od 7. do 21. dana sa 20% proteina; T4 - ishrana smešom sa 20% proteina u trajanju od 1. do 21. dana. U oglednom periodu (od 1. do 21. dana) praćeni su proizvodni parametri. Sadržaj azota u fecesu određen je na zbirnom uzorku. Rezultati su pokazali da su pilići različitih genotipova ispoljili različitu osetljivost na restrikciju proteina. Poređenjem oglednih grupa sa kontrolnom u trećoj nedelji, kod pilića provenijence Ross 308 konstatovano je da je signifikantno manju telesnu masu ostvarila samo T4 grupa sa najstrožijom redukcijom proteina. Kod provenijence Cobb 500 signifikantno manja telesna masa utvrđena je za T3 i T4 oglednu grupu. Kod oba hibrida za T2 oglednu grupu utvrđena je nešto manja telesna masa, ali bez statistički značajne razlike u poređenju sa kontrolnom. Konverziju hrane kod oba genotipa imala je najveće vrednosti za T4 i T3 tretman. Programi fazne ishrane rezultirali su smanjenjem sadržaja azota u fecesu. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da su primenjeni tretmani ishrane sa drastičnom restrikcijom proteina u starter periodu kod oba genotipa imali negativan uticaj na proizvodne performanse. Zbog toga se prilikom formulisanja programa fazne ishrane strogo mora voditi računa o sastavu i dinamici promene smeša, a kako bi se postigla oba cilja – smanjenje sadržaja proteina u hrani uz smanjenu ekskreciju azota i postizanje dobrih proizvodnih rezultata. References BAKER D.H., HAN Y. (1994): Ideal amino acid profile for chicks during the first three weeks post hatching. Poultry Science 73: 1441-1447.
The effect of phase nutrition during ... BELYAVIN C.G. (1999): Nutrition management of broiler programs. Animal Nutrition. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, Recent Adv UK. Pages 93- 105 BREGENDAHL K, SELL J.L., ZIMMERMAN D.R. (2002): Effect of low-protein diets on growth performance and body composition of broiler chicks. Poultry Science 81: 1156-1167. BUTERI C.B., TAVERNARI F. DE C., LELIS G.R, ROSTAGNO H.S., ALBINO L.F.T. (2009): Effects of different nutritional plans on broiler performance. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Avicola 11 no 4. DELLEZIE E., MAERTENS L., HUYGHEBAERT G., LIPPENS M. (2009): Can choice feeding improve performances and N-retention of broilers compared to a standard three-phase feeding schedule. British Poultry Science, Sep 50 (5): 573 - 582. ELWINGER K., SVENSSON L. (1996): Effect of dietary protein content litterand drinker type on ammonia emission from broiler houses. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 64: 197-208. FERGUSON N.S., GATES R.S., TARABA J.L., CANTOR A.H, PESCATORE A.J., FORD M.J, BURNHAM D.J. (1997): The effect of dietary crude protein on growth, ammonia concentration, and litter composition in broilers. Poultry Science 77, 1481-1487. FERGUSON N.S., GATES R.S., TARABA J.L., CANTOR A.H., PESCATORE A.J., STRAW M.L., FORD M.J., BURNHAM DJ. (1998): The effect of dietary protein and phosphorus on ammonia concentration and litter composition in broilers. Poultry Science, Vol. 77 (8): 1085-1093 GOMES G.A, ARAUJO L.F., PREZZI J.A., BARBOSA L.C.G.S., SAVIETTO D. AND FILHO CREN A.W. (2006): Period of feeding a pre starter diet on performance up to 42 days of broilers of different body weights at housing. book of Abstrats, XII European Poultry Conference, Italy, 298-299. MADRIGAL S.A., WATKINS S.E., WALDROUP P.W. (1994): Feeding Programs Designed to Modify Early Growth Rates in Male Broilers Grown to 56 Days of Age. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 3:319-326. NAMROUD N.F., SHIVAZAD M., ZAGHARI M. (2008): Effects of Fortifying Low Crude Protein Diet with Crystalline Amino Acids on Performance, Blood, Ammonia level, and Excreta Characteristics of Broiler chicks. Poultry Science 87: 2250-2258. NIKOLOVA N., PAVLOVSKI Z., MILOŠEVIĆ N., PERIĆ L (2007): Uticaj različitog nivoa energije i proteina u hrani na proizvodne parametre brojlerskih pilića dva genotipa. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, Vol. 23, br. 5-6-1, str. 551-557. PETRIČEVIĆ V., PAVLOVSKI Z., ŠKRBIĆ Z., LUKIĆ M. (2011): The effect of genotype on production and slaughter properties of broiler chickens. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 2011 Volume 27, Issue 2, Pages: 171-181. 423
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