VisCAM RP User Manual (PDF) - Kxcad.net

State: 4. April 2008
VisCAM RP 4.0
User manual
Marcam Engineering GmbH
Fahrenheitstrasse 1
D-28359 Bremen
www.marcam.de

Table Of Contents
Installation note and licensing ........................................................................................... 1
Installation note and licensing with dongle .......................................................................... 2
Troubleshooting .............................................................................................................. 6
Product information ......................................................................................................... 7
Module overview .......................................................................................................... 7
Module VisCAM View ................................................................................................... 9
Module VisCAM Mesh ................................................................................................ 10
Module VisCAM RP .................................................................................................... 12
Module VisCAM Import ............................................................................................... 14
File menu ..................................................................................................................... 15
New ......................................................................................................................... 17
Open ........................................................................................................................ 18
Save as ..................................................................................................................... 20
Save to directory ........................................................................................................ 23
Close ........................................................................................................................ 25
Create job ................................................................................................................. 26
Continue job .............................................................................................................. 30
Insert Part ................................................................................................................. 31
Close job ................................................................................................................... 32
Open by FTP .............................................................................................................. 33
Save by FTP .............................................................................................................. 35
Save view ................................................................................................................. 38
Send view ................................................................................................................. 39
Print ......................................................................................................................... 41
3D-Printing ................................................................................................................ 42
View logfile ............................................................................................................... 43
Exit .......................................................................................................................... 44
Edit menu ..................................................................................................................... 45
Undo ........................................................................................................................ 47
Redo ........................................................................................................................ 48
Next step in job.......................................................................................................... 49
Previous step in job .................................................................................................... 50
Triangles ................................................................................................................... 51
Slices ....................................................................................................................... 52
Info .......................................................................................................................... 53
Pick and move ........................................................................................................... 55
Pick and rotate ........................................................................................................... 57
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Table Of Contents
Move ........................................................................................................................ 59
Rotate ...................................................................................................................... 60
Scale ........................................................................................................................ 62
Mirror ....................................................................................................................... 64
Convert ..................................................................................................................... 65
Cut ........................................................................................................................... 66
Copy ........................................................................................................................ 67
Paste ........................................................................................................................ 68
Delete ....................................................................................................................... 69
Duplicate ................................................................................................................... 70
Empty store ............................................................................................................... 71
Show store ................................................................................................................ 72
Copy to clipboard ....................................................................................................... 73
View menu ................................................................................................................... 74
Cross section ............................................................................................................. 76
Flipped triangles ......................................................................................................... 78
Unmatched edges menu .............................................................................................. 80
Only unmatched ...................................................................................................... 81
Fade unmatched in model ......................................................................................... 82
Draw unmatched on model ....................................................................................... 83
Overlapping triangles .................................................................................................. 84
Intersecting triangles ................................................................................................... 85
Textures ................................................................................................................... 86
Ruler ........................................................................................................................ 87
Grid .......................................................................................................................... 88
Origin ....................................................................................................................... 89
Wire Frame ................................................................................................................ 90
Hidden line ................................................................................................................ 91
Flat shaded ................................................................................................................ 92
Smooth shaded .......................................................................................................... 93
Shaded + Wire Frame ................................................................................................ 94
Animation ................................................................................................................. 95
Position menu ............................................................................................................ 96
Reset ..................................................................................................................... 97
Isometric ................................................................................................................ 98
Top ....................................................................................................................... 99
Bottom ................................................................................................................ 100
Front ................................................................................................................... 101
Back .................................................................................................................... 102
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Left ..................................................................................................................... 103
Right ................................................................................................................... 104
User .................................................................................................................... 105
Define .................................................................................................................. 106
Before .................................................................................................................. 107
Rotate menu ............................................................................................................ 108
Rotate free ........................................................................................................... 109
Define rotation ...................................................................................................... 110
Rotate x-axis orthogonal ......................................................................................... 111
Rotate y-axis orthogonal ......................................................................................... 112
Rotate z-axis orthogonal ......................................................................................... 113
Positive x-axis ....................................................................................................... 114
Positive y-axis ....................................................................................................... 115
Positive z-axis ....................................................................................................... 116
Negative x-axis ..................................................................................................... 117
Negative y-axis ..................................................................................................... 118
Negative z-axis ..................................................................................................... 119
Move menu ............................................................................................................. 120
Move in xy-plane ................................................................................................... 121
Move along z-axis .................................................................................................. 122
Positiv x-axis ........................................................................................................ 123
Positiv y-axis ........................................................................................................ 124
Negative x-axis ..................................................................................................... 125
Negative y-axis ..................................................................................................... 126
Zoom menu ............................................................................................................. 127
Zoom free ............................................................................................................ 128
Reset zoom .......................................................................................................... 129
Zoom in ............................................................................................................... 130
Zoom out ............................................................................................................. 131
Annotation menu ......................................................................................................... 132
Show annotations .................................................................................................... 133
Delete annotations .................................................................................................... 134
Measure point .......................................................................................................... 135
Measure distance ..................................................................................................... 137
Measure angle ......................................................................................................... 140
Measure radius ........................................................................................................ 143
Measure object ........................................................................................................ 145
Annotate spot .......................................................................................................... 148
Annotate object ....................................................................................................... 150

Table Of Contents
Annotate model ....................................................................................................... 153
Add note ................................................................................................................. 154
Add text ................................................................................................................. 155
Draw freehand ......................................................................................................... 156
Facets menu ............................................................................................................... 158
Match edges ............................................................................................................ 160
Fill holes ................................................................................................................. 161
Stitch triangles ......................................................................................................... 163
Adjust triangles ........................................................................................................ 167
Turn triangles .......................................................................................................... 168
Solve overlaps ......................................................................................................... 169
Solve intersections ................................................................................................... 170
Manage objects ........................................................................................................ 171
Count objects ....................................................................................................... 172
Demerge objects ................................................................................................... 173
Merge objects ....................................................................................................... 174
Unify solids ............................................................................................................. 175
Adjust mesh ............................................................................................................ 176
Filter triangles ....................................................................................................... 177
Smooth triangles ................................................................................................... 178
Reduce triangles .................................................................................................... 180
Modify colors ........................................................................................................... 181
Define color .......................................................................................................... 182
Select color .......................................................................................................... 183
Mark color areas ................................................................................................... 184
Set transparency ................................................................................................... 185
Create 3D-Text ........................................................................................................ 186
Attach text ........................................................................................................... 187
Define Text .......................................................................................................... 188
Merge text ........................................................................................................... 190
Create 3D-Bitmap ..................................................................................................... 191
Attach bitmap ....................................................................................................... 192
Define bitmap ....................................................................................................... 193
Merge bitmap ....................................................................................................... 198
Create base solid ...................................................................................................... 199
Align objects ........................................................................................................... 204
Offset Model ........................................................................................................... 211
Extrude ................................................................................................................... 214
Booleans ................................................................................................................. 217
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Trim and cut ............................................................................................................ 219
Hollow model ........................................................................................................... 223
Split model .............................................................................................................. 224
Manipulate holes menu ............................................................................................. 226
Mark holes ........................................................................................................... 227
Unmark holes ........................................................................................................ 228
Fill marked holes ................................................................................................... 229
Fill unmarked holes ................................................................................................ 230
Fill options ............................................................................................................ 231
Manipulate triangles menu ......................................................................................... 232
Mark triangles ....................................................................................................... 233
Unmark triangles ................................................................................................... 234
Turn marked ......................................................................................................... 235
Delete marked ....................................................................................................... 236
Create surface ...................................................................................................... 237
Manipulate surfaces .................................................................................................. 238
Mark surfaces ....................................................................................................... 239
Unmark surfaces ................................................................................................... 240
Turn marked ......................................................................................................... 241
Delete marked ....................................................................................................... 242
Surface options ..................................................................................................... 243
Manipulate shell menu .............................................................................................. 245
Mark shells ........................................................................................................... 246
Unmark shells ....................................................................................................... 247
Turn marked ......................................................................................................... 248
Delete marked ....................................................................................................... 249
Shell options ......................................................................................................... 250
Slices menu ................................................................................................................ 251
Select stack ............................................................................................................. 253
Reset stack ............................................................................................................. 256
Step stack up .......................................................................................................... 257
Step stack down ...................................................................................................... 258
Show single slice ..................................................................................................... 259
Show points on contours ........................................................................................... 260
Calculate variable thickness ....................................................................................... 261
Resolve slice thickness .............................................................................................. 263
Recalculate contour resolution .................................................................................... 264
Resolve contour resolution ......................................................................................... 265
Show original data .................................................................................................... 266

Table Of Contents
Show contour changes .............................................................................................. 267
Show thickness changes ........................................................................................... 268
Delete original data ................................................................................................... 269
Remove slice ........................................................................................................... 270
Insert slice ............................................................................................................... 271
Delete removed data ................................................................................................. 272
Process menu ............................................................................................................. 273
Define machine ........................................................................................................ 275
Define machine ..................................................................................................... 277
Define machine ..................................................................................................... 279
Define machine ..................................................................................................... 281
Define machine ..................................................................................................... 284
Define machine ..................................................................................................... 285
Define machine ..................................................................................................... 287
Define machine ..................................................................................................... 289
Define machine ..................................................................................................... 291
Define machine ..................................................................................................... 295
Show build envelope ................................................................................................. 300
Set envelope layout .................................................................................................. 301
Select part .............................................................................................................. 302
Align to bottom plane ............................................................................................... 303
Align to side plane .................................................................................................... 304
Orientate parts ......................................................................................................... 305
Place parts .............................................................................................................. 306
Move to envelope ..................................................................................................... 307
Analyse wall thickness .............................................................................................. 308
Compensate shrinkage .............................................................................................. 309
Generate hulls and cores ........................................................................................... 310
Generate structure .................................................................................................... 312
Generate slices ........................................................................................................ 313
Generate hatches ..................................................................................................... 321
Delete hatches ......................................................................................................... 323
Show hatches .......................................................................................................... 324
Generate supports .................................................................................................... 325
Delete supports ........................................................................................................ 327
Calculate build costs ................................................................................................. 328
Model menu ............................................................................................................... 333
Annotate model ....................................................................................................... 334
Repair model ............................................................................................................ 335
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Edit model ............................................................................................................... 336
Build preparation ...................................................................................................... 337
Options menu ............................................................................................................. 338
General options ........................................................................................................ 339
File options .............................................................................................................. 340
Set default unit values ........................................................................................... 343
View options ........................................................................................................... 344
Import options ......................................................................................................... 346
Dialog Determination of input data unit and size adjustment ........................................ 348
Surface options ........................................................................................................ 350
Slice options ............................................................................................................ 352
Annotation options ................................................................................................... 354
Undo manager ......................................................................................................... 358
Object manager ........................................................................................................ 359
Annotation manager ................................................................................................. 367
Log window ............................................................................................................ 369
Arrange windows ..................................................................................................... 370
Help menu .................................................................................................................. 371
Context .................................................................................................................. 372
Help dialog .............................................................................................................. 373
System ................................................................................................................... 376
Graphic ................................................................................................................... 377
About ..................................................................................................................... 378
CLI interface ............................................................................................................... 379
G-Code interface ......................................................................................................... 382
MJS Interface ............................................................................................................. 391
Raster image interface ................................................................................................. 393
SLC interface .............................................................................................................. 396
SLI interface ............................................................................................................... 398
Texture interface ......................................................................................................... 400
Index ......................................................................................................................... 526H403

Installation note and licensing
Please follow the given instructions to install and license your copy of VisCAM
1. First terminate the execution of any other copy of VisCAM .
2. Insert the installation CD you have received from Marcam Engineering or one of our
distributors into your CD-ROM drive and execute the file “setup.exe” from the CD, if the
installation doesn’t start automatically.
3. Follow the instructions given to you during the installation procedure.
4. Start VisCAM after the installation has been finished successfully.
5. You will now be asked to enter a license key to unlock the software.
6. Send the program id shown to you within the license dialog to support@marcam.de. We
will then generate a license key and send it back to you by email immediately.
Alternatively, you can also get in contact with our support team by phone or fax to
receive your license key (see Troubleshooting).
7. Please start VisCAM again after you have received your license key and enter the key in
the respective field “License Key”.
If the installed VisCAM version includes the additional Slice Supporter module, you will
receive a second license key to unlock and use the included F&S Support Generator for
Stereolithography processes. Please enter the second license in the respective field
“External License”.
8. After pressing the OK button your VisCAM license will be unlocked, if the entered
license key was correct.
Please get in contact with our support team, if you have problems with the installation and
licensing of the software or if you need any further information or assistance.
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Installation note and licensing with dongle
Please follow the listed steps to install VisCAM with dongle licence
1.Please terminate all running VisCAM software products.
2.Uninstall older VisCAM versions without dongle licence.
It is HIGHLY recommended to uninstall older versions of VisCAM before installing new VisCAM
versions with dongle protection.
3.Installation of VisCAM with dongle protection:
a. Please insert the installation CD supplied by Marcam Engineering in your CD-ROM
drive. If the automatic setup does not start automatically, you can start the installation
wizard manually by executing the file “VisCAM Setup.exe“ from the CD.
b. Please follow the instructions of the installation wizard to install the VisCAM product
on your local desktop PC.
VisCAM versions with a dongle licence will require the WIBU-Key driver’s version 5.00
or higher on your local desktop PC.
The installation wizard will ask you during the installation of VisCAM to install the WIBU-
Key drivers on your system.
If you have already installed the WIBU-Key driver’s version 5.00 or higher on your local
desktop PC, you can skip this step.
Otherwise you have to answer the following question with YES, in order to install the
needed WIBU-Key dongle drivers.
You can furthermore install the dongle driver with the default installation settings
without any changes. You may only have to select the correct language settings.
4. Installation of a dongle server for Floating Licences.
In case of a floating licence, you can install the WIBU-Key licence server on a separate computer
at which the dongle will be attached and accesses from your local desktop PC.
a. Please insert the installation-CD supplied by Marcam Engineering in your CD-ROM
drive at the PC, which should work as licence server. If the automatic setup does not
start automatically, you can start the installation wizard manually by executing the file
“VisCAM Setup.exe“ from the CD.
b. Please follow the instructions of the installation wizard to install only the dongle
server on a PC, which is accessible from your desktop PC over your local network.
To run the dongle server, the WIBU-Key driver version 5.00 or higher is required.
If you have already installed WIBU-Key driver’s v5.00 or higher on the licence server,
you can skip this step.
Otherwise you have to answer the following question with YES, in order to install the
needed WIBU-Key dongle drivers.
2

Installation and licensing with dongle
When using a Windows NT/2000/XP system as licence server, it is advisable to install
the server as NT service with autostart.
Otherwise this installation can be done with default settings without any changes. After
finishing the installation process, the licence server PC should be restarted.
It is recommend to stop and restart the dongle server service after you have plugged-in
the dongle. This is sometimes needed for the server in order to detect the dongle.
5. Activation of VisCAM products with dongle mode
a. Plug-in the provided dongle at an available USB port at your local desktop PC or your
selected licence server (in case of using a floating licence).
b. Start the installed VisCAM version at your local desktop PC.
VisCAM begins to search for a connected dongle automatically and asks the dongle for a
valid VisCAM licence allowing you to run the VisCAM software on your PC.
Without a valid licence the graphic window remains black and the program inactive. As
soon as a valid licence is found, the graphic window will become active and the program
can be used.
At first start-up or also when no dongle could be found, VisCAM will show you a dialog
to select the licence server.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
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By default VisCAM searches the network automatically for a connected licence server. It
is therefore recommended to use this option in most cases.
If the dongle is plugged to your local desktop PC, the option “Obtain licence server
address automatically“ has to be selected to connect to the dongle.
If you may use multiple dongle servers, you can also select your preferred server
manually. Please select the option “Use following licence server:“ and choose the
preferred server in the subjacent list. To update the server list just press the button
“Refresh list“ and wait some seconds. The field “Serveraddress:“ shows the actual
selected server. It is also possible to insert a server name or IP address directly.
By pressing the “OK“ button the actual chosen server will be asked for the dongle
licence. In case of a valid licence, the graphic window and the program will become
active.
6. Problem solving for dongle licence
Please note the following points, when using VisCAM with dongle protection.
a. Please make sure that the dongle is correctly connected to a USB port and that the
used USB port is activated.
b. Please verify that the licence server is reachable within your local network.
In case of network problems, please first check the settings of your firewall(s).
To test the network connections, it is possible to use the Licence Server dialog from
VisCAM. If VisCAM couldn’t find a dongle licence, the dialog will start automatically. To
open the licence server dialog manually, you have to select “Help –> About“ to open
the program information dialog and then press the button “Select server“ to open the
licence server dialog. Your licence server should appear in the list of found licence
servers, if the network connection to the licence server could be established.
The “Server Monitor“ tool supplied by WIBU-Key allows a much more advanced analysis
of the dongle server status and connections. Please have a look at the help documents
from WIBU-Key for further information on the dongle server analysis tool.

Installation and licensing with dongle
Please get in contact with our support team, if you have problems with the installation and
licensing of the software or if you need any further information or assistance.
5

Troubleshooting
Our support team is at your disposal for any question concerning VisCAM
Marcam Engineering GmbH
VisCAM Support Team Phone:
Fahrenheitstrasse 1 Fax
D-28359 Bremen eMail:
+49 (0)421 22 08-336
+49 (0)421 22 08-337
support@marcam.de
Germany www: www.marcam.de
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Product information
Module overview
VisCAM is the ideal software solution for the complete preparation of your STL files for Rapid
Prototyping and CAx applications.
The appealing and very fast visualisation, the simple and easy-to-use user interface, very
advanced and highly-automated functions as well as the comprehensive and complete set of
functions at a comparatively small price let become VisCAM the first choice for your STL data
preparation.
Moreover VisCAM offers you optimized solutions for all steps of the RP build preparation. At
this, VisCAM is not limited to process only STL files, but also allows you the integrated
visualisation and processing of slice files. The unrivalled number of interfaces and supported
formats enables you to generate build data for nearly all available RP machines. The flexible
system concept together with the full control of your build data at any time makes VisCAM the
ideal solution for your RP data preparation.
The complete VisCAM software consists of the three consecutive sub-systems View, Mesh and
RP, their task-oriented modules as well as optional CAD import interfaces. We additionally offer
the development of individual extensions, systems or components as well as the licensing of our
technologies as part of our software development service.
VisCAM View Communicate your models with the fastest 3D Viewer
View
VisCAM View allows you the fast visualisation, verification and
communication of your STL files. Errors in the STL file are directly shown
on the model. Measures and annotations can easily be added to the model
and can be exchanged with the highly compressed VisCAM VFX format.
VisCAM View is available as freeware and is offered as an easy-to-use
and efficient standard tool for STL file verification, data exchange and
communication with your customers and colleagues.
VisCAM Mesh Close the gaps in your STL data preparation process
Repair
Edit
Mesh Repair allows you to repair and manipulate triangle mesh files (STL
files). Errors and defects are directly shown on the model and can be
fixed automatically or interactively. Overlapping solids can be detected
and will be joined by boolean unions correctly. The accuracy and quality
of the triangle mesh can be adjusted with triangle reduction, filtering or
smoothing functions. Big parts can be splitted along definable crosssections
into smaller parts.
Mesh Edit offers advanced CAD like functions for direct editing and
manipulation of STL files. Solids, surfaces, triangles and colouring can be
edited and changed. CAD functions like booleans, offsets, extrusion,
alignment, the creation of base solids or the generation of hollow models
enables you to precisely manipulate and change STL files. Texts, logos
and bitmaps can be attached to the model easily. Extended cutting
functions offer trimming, cutting and punching of model areas.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
VisCAM RP Increase the productivity of your RP data preparation
Setup
Build
Hatch
Support
8
RP Setup supports you at the RP build preparation and the assembly of
your build jobs. Parts can easily be oriented, scaled or duplicated. You
can convert each part to a shell model with internal hollow structures for
lightweight applications or just to reduce the build time. The parts can be
oriented, placed and nested on the build platform either automatically or
interactively. You can then estimate the build time and costs for your
build jobs. An integrated database with more than 150 RP machines will
provide you with adjustable settings to arrange and project your build
jobs.
RP Build offers you the generation and processing of slice data. Slices can
also be imported from and exported to an unrivalled number of different
slice file formats. All slices can be visualised, verified and partly edited.
The calculation of variable slice thicknesses, the automated placement
and nesting of parts, a detailed build time and cost calculation as well as
the step-wise animation of the build progress gives you the ability to
generate and assemble build files and control them before they are
exported to your RP machine.
RP Hatch is available as an optional add-on module to the RP Build
module. It will offer you the calculation of hatches for laser and jet based
RP techniques like laser sintering, stereolithography or fused deposition
modeling. Several different hatching methods for the calculation of
standard, skin fill, offset and inner cavity hatches are available. The
calculated hatches can be visualised and exported to a big variety of
different slice file formats available through the RP Build module.
RP Support is available as an optional add-on module to the RP Build
module. It will offer you the generation of an optimized support structure
for stereolithography systems based on slice data. The generated support
structure has a minimal part contact through the use of very fine support
pins. The dynamic thinning approach will create a support structure with
variable cell sizes. This will finally result in an optimized support volume
with less material consumption and easy removal.
VisCAM Import Optional interfaces for direct CAD data import
CAD
Import CAD enables you to directly process IGES and VDA-FS files with
VisCAM. The imported CAD models are automatically converted into
closed triangle mesh models (STL file). The resulting model accuracy can
be controlled by changing the surface and boundary resolution of the CAD
models during import.

Product information
Module VisCAM View
VisCAM View is the base module of all VisCAM systems for the visualisation and verification of
3D models.
With VisCAM View you can visualise and check your 3D models in a very fast and efficient way.
Errors like unconnected edges, flipped triangles, or unjoined solids are directly shown on the
model. Cross-section views are available to inspect and analyse the model interior. Additional
model information like dimensions, the surface area or the volume of the model can be retrieved
at any time. An extensive set of measuring and annotation functions supports the analysis of
model details and enriches the model with visual information. The annotated 3D model can be
exported via the highly compressed VisCAM VFX format and exchanged with all other VisCAM
products.
VisCAM View is available as freeware and is offered as an easy-to-use and efficient standard
tool for STL file verification, data exchange and communication with your customers and
colleagues.
VisCAM View Communicate your models with the fastest 3D Viewer
View
Visualisation and Verification
• import of STL, 3DS, VRML, DXF, PLY, ZCP, ZPR and
VFX files
• very fast OpenGL based real-time rendering in 3D
• visualisation of included colour information
• cross-section display to analyse the model interior
• visualisation of gaps, holes and flipped normals
• detection and separation of included solids
• point, distance, radii and angle measuring
• spot, text, note and red-lining annotations
• visualisation of dimensions and model information
• calculation of volume and surface area
• printing, copying and saving of the model view
• eMail function to send annotated model views
• direct read and write access on FTP servers
• export of annotated 3D models as VFX files
• fast data exchange with highly-compressed VFX files
• available as freeware at no charge
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VisCAM Help 4.0
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Module VisCAM Mesh
VisCAM Mesh is the ideal software solution for the complete preparation of your STL files for
Rapid Prototyping and CAx applications.
The appealing and very fast visualisation, the simple and easy-to-use user interface, very
advanced and highly-automated functions as well as the comprehensive and complete set of
functions at a comparatively small price let become VisCAM the first choice for your STL data
preparation.
With VisCAM Mesh you can detect and fix errors and defects in STL files very easy, fast and
comprehensive. The repair of defective STL files usually takes only some minutes. Moreover
VisCAM Mesh allows the direct editing and manipulation of STL files with CAD like functions.
Smaller design changes or adaptions on the part geometry can therefore be done directly on the
STL data without the need of taking the often tedious way back over a CAD system.
VisCAM Mesh contains the freeware VisCAM View system as base module for the visualisation,
measuring and annotation of STL files.
VisCAM Mesh Close the gaps in your STL data preparation process
Repair
Edit
Repair and Optimisation
• import of STL, 3DS, VRML, DXF, PLY, ZCP, ZPR and
VFX files
• visual measuring and annotation of the model
• automatic matching of unconnected triangle edges
• automatic filling of holes, gaps and missing surfaces
• detection and boolean union of overlapping solids
• alignment of flipped triangle normals
• accurate reduction, smoothing or filtering of triangles
• cut and split the model along defined section planes
• export of STL, VRML, DXF, OBJ, PLY, ZCP, ZPR and
VFX files
Editing and Manipulation
• editing and manipulation of solids, surfaces and
triangles
• editing and manipulation of triangle colouring
• 3D boolean operations (union, difference, subtract)
• 3D offset and extrusion functions
• attach text, logos or bitmaps to the model
• create, align and attach base solids to the model
• trim, cut and punch meshes with definable polylines
• calculation and generation of error-free hollow models
• export of colouring for STL, VRML, PLY, ZCP and ZPR
files

Product information
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VisCAM Help 4.0
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Module VisCAM RP
VisCAM RP is the ideal software package for the complete preparation of your CAD/CAM data
for any Rapid Prototyping application.
VisCAM RP assists you in all processing steps from the verification and repair of the CAD/CAM
data, the efficient preparation and assembly of build jobs up to the generation of build-ready
slice files including hatches and support structures.
VisCAM RP is not only limited to process STL files, but also offers the integrated generation,
visualisation and processing of slice files. The unrivalled number of interfaces and supported file
formats enables you to generate build data for nearly all available RP machines. The flexible
system concept together with the full control of your model and build data at any time makes
VisCAM RP the optimal software solution for your RP data preparation.
All offered VisCAM Mesh modules for efficient visualisation, repair and editing of STL files are
also available as base modules for VisCAM RP.
VisCAM RP Increase the productivity of your RP data preparation
Setup
Build
Build preparation
• integrated database with more then 150 RP machines
• generate shell models with different hulls and cores
• inclusion of structures for lightweight constructions
• visual wall thickness analysis and control
• automatic orientation and alignment of parts
• fully automatic placement and nesting of parts
• duplicate, insert, scale and transform parts
• definable material shrinkage compensation
• adjustable build time and cost estimation
Slice generation and processing
• fast and exact slice generation from triangle models
(STL files)
• import of CLI, SLC, F&S, SSL, SLI and NC files
• automatic fixing of degenerated and self-intersecting
contours
• subsequent calculation of variable layer thickness
• single slice or complete model view in 2D and 3D
• automatic placement and nesting of slice parts
• duplicate, insert, scale and transform slice parts
• adjustable build time and cost calculation
• step-wise animation of the build progress
• export slices as CLI, SLC, F&S, SLI, SSL, ISO G-Code,
NC, STD, DXF, HPGL, BMP, PNG, TIFF and SRI files

Hatch
Support
Hatch and build path generation
• hatches for laser based and jet based RP machines
• standard hatches with numerous settings and options
• separate fill hatches for top and bottom surfaces
• offset hatches for improved part properties
• inner cavity hatches for reduced build times
• hatch sorting for optimised build path planning
• spot offset to compensate the radius deviation
• visualisation of calculated hatches and build path
Support generation
• support generation for stereolithography machines
• support structure calculation based on slice data·
• minimal part contact through fine pine supports
• optimized support volume through dynamic thinning
• fast generation without post-processing effort
• visualisation of generated supports and build path
• support technology from F&S Stereolithographietechnik
GmbH
Product information
13

VisCAM Help 4.0
Import CAD enables you to directly process IGES and VDA-FS files with VisCAM.
14
Module VisCAM Import
The imported CAD models are automatically converted into closed triangle mesh models (STL
file).
The resulting model accuracy can be controlled by changing the surface and boundary resolution
of the CAD models during import.
Import CAD is available as an optional add-on module for all VisCAM systems.
VisCAM Import Optional interfaces for direct CAD data import
CAD
Import and Conversion
• import of CAD models from IGES and VDA-FS files
• definable surface and boundary accuracy
• detection and filtering of double surfaces
• detection and filtering of untrimmed surfaces
• automatic matching of surface boundaries
• precise STL generation from CAD surfaces
• definable accuracy of the triangle resolution

File menu
Contains all functions for reading and saving files as well as for the administration of the
workspace.
New
Generates an empty workspace.
Open
Opens a new model file.
Save as
Saves the current workspace.
Save to directory
Saves the models of the current workspace individually to a
directory.
Close
Closes the current workspace.
Create job
Generates and starts an automatic processing job.
Continue job
Continues a processing job that had been interrupted in the
meantime.
Insert Part
Inserts a part in the current processing job.
Close job
Quits and closes the currently processed job.
Open by FTP
Opens a new model file from an FTP server.
Save by FTP
Saves the current workspace on an FTP server.
Save view
Saves the current model view either in a bitmap file or in a plot file.
Send view
Sends an email with the current model view attached.
Print
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Prints the current model view.
3D-Printing
The complete build job (or selected models) can be transfered directly to the print software of
your 3d printer.
View log file
Shows the content of the internal log file.
1 ... 6
List of the last opened model files.
Exit
Quits the programme.
Reference: New, Open, Save as, Save Bitmap, Close, Open by FTP, Save by FTP, Send view,
Print, View log file, Exit
16

New
Menu: File No icon Short cut: Ctrl + N
Generates an empty workspace
This function creates a new workspace without content, in which new model files or objects can
be inserted.
HINT: This function is very helpful for editing and repairing particular objects of a model within
the triangular part VisCAM.
• Choose the objects which have to be edited separately with the corresponding tag
function and paste these objects into the clipboard with the function "Cut" (shortcut
CTRL+X).
• Create a new workspace (shortcut CTRL+N) and paste the content of the clipboard into
the empty workspace with the function "Paste" (shortcut CTRL+V).
• Now the objects can be viewed and edited separately.
• Reinsert the objects into the model using the functions "Cut" and "Paste".
Reference: Cut, Paste
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Open
Menu: File Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + O
Opens a new model file
The model file can either be opened in a newly created workspace or be inserted as an additional
model in the current workspace. Optionally, an automatic placement of the read in model file can
be implemented.
Depending on the type of the model file (Surface model, Facet model, Slice model), additional
options may be implemented. They can be adjusted under the "Options" -menu (Surface options,
Import options for mesh files, Slice options).
By default, information about the imported model is shown after reading. The automatic notice
of the Model information can alternatively be enabled or disabled in General options.
Hint: According to the Windows standard method for multiple selection of files (hold the CTRL or
SHIFT key), several files can be selected for import simultaneously. If automatic part placement
is also activated the envelope can thus be equipped with several parts easily and rapidly.
INFO: Files can also be opened via drag&drop. Simply select one or more files e.g. at Windows
Explorer, drag them over the VisCAM window and drop them there. The selected files will be
opened creating a new workspace without automatic placement. Hold the SHIFT key to insert
the selected files into the active workspace. Hold the ALT key to activate automatic placement.
Dialog Open file
Open new workspace
Inserts the model file into a newly created workspace.
Insert into active workspace
Inserts the model file as an additional model into the current workspace.
Set file options
18

Invokes the dialog for adjustment of File options. Individual adjustments for the supported file
formats as well as adjustments for the standard folder and the preview can be defined here.
Switch to standard folder
You can define a standard folder for the access to the model files in File options. The function
"Switch to standard folder" can switch the file view directly to this directory..
Index list
The index list always contains the last four indexes out of which model data was last read in or
saved. By direct selection of one of the index entries, the file view can quickly be switched into
this folder.
Import options
Opens the Import options for mesh files dialog box in order to show or define required settings.
Automatic repair function
Switch to enable or disable the "Automatic repair function" option of the Import options for
mesh files dialog box.
Automatic orientation
Switch to enable or disable the "Automatic orientation" option of the Import options for mesh
files dialog box.
Automatic placement
Optionally admits an automatic placement of the imported file in the envelope of the selected
machine. The placement technique is defined by the envelope parameters in the Machine
database.
Autoload support files
Switch to enable or disable the "Load support files" option of the Import options for mesh files
dialog box.
Preview
Open
When reading and saving a model file, VisCAM RP automatically generates a preview picture of
the content of the model file, and saves it in a preview database. When choosing a model file in
the file view, the corresponding preview picture is searched for in the preview database and, if it
is available, it is shown automatically in the preview. With the preview function, the search for
particular model files in a large amount of data is efficiently supported and simplified
The preview function can be switched on or off alternatively in File options. Furthermore, the
path and the maximum size of the preview database can be defined in file options. In
workgroups with several VisCAM RP licenses, the preview database can be installed on a shared
directory device in the network, for instance, and so enable access from all workstations. The
consistency check of the database assures that no conflicts occur because of externally altered
model files or different model files that have the same name. If the preview database reaches its
defined maximum size, the oldest preview pictures will be deleted automatically in order to clear
new memory space for current preview pictures.
Reference: General options, File options, Move to envelope, Define machine, Surface options,
Import options for mesh files, Slice options, Info, Textures
19

Save as
Menu: File Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + S
Saves the current model content
Saves the current model content into a model file using the selected file format. If particular
objects are marked in the workspace, a confirmation request demands after the selection of the
file name whether only the tagged parts or the whole workspace are to be saved.
An optional check whether the model is placed within the build envelope is possible before
saving. In case the model is not positioned properly within the envelope, it can be placed either
automatically or it can be saved without any change of the current position
If the dimensions of the model are too large for a placement within the envelope, it can only be
saved without changing the current position. Optionally, saving can be cancelled so as to alter
part placement in the build envelope if required.
Furthermore, an automatic check assures that all possibly existing model information such as
colours, hatches, negative coordinates or supports can be saved in the chosen file format. In
case of a conflict, a corresponding warning will show up.
In File options, specific settings regarding format version and possible format options can be
defined for certain formats.
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Dialog Save as
Name
Select the name for the model file.
Type (File formats)
Select the file format for the model file that is saved.
In the facet part, the VisCAM VFX format is preset for saving
In the Machine database, a default slice format can be defined for each machine (tab page
General); it will then be preset for saving slice parts.
Save build information
Save as
When model data is saved, a log file containing detailed information about the saved model data
is generated automatically. The log file contains all parameters of the configurations selected in
the Machine database, the calculated time and cost information as well as volume, dimensions,
surface area, etc. of all parts contained as well as separately for each individual part in the
envelope.
The name of the log file results from the name of the corresponding model file, the selected file
format and the file extension „.BLD“.
Check placement
Verifies before saving whether the model data that is to be saved is already placed within the
build envelope of the selected machine. Alternatively, an automatic placement can be
conducted. The manner of placement is defined by the build parameters of the selected machine
which are determined in the Machine database .
Options
Invokes the dialog for setting the File options. In file options, individual user adjustments for the
supported file formats as well as settings for the standard folder and the preview are defined.
Switch to standard folder
In File options, a standard folder for the access to model files can be defined. Then the file view
can be changed directly to this directory by the function "Switch to standard folder".
Directory list
The directory list always contains the last four indexes out of which model data was last read in
or saved. By direct selection of one of the directory entries, the file view can quickly be
switched into this directory.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Preview
When reading and saving a model file, VisCAM automatically generates a preview picture of the
content of the model file, which is saved in a preview database. In case of the selection of a
model file in the file view, the corresponding preview picture is searched for in the preview
database, and if it is available, it is displayed automatically in the preview. With the preview
function, the search for particular model files in a large amount of data is efficiently supported
and simplified.
The preview function can be switched on or off in File options. Besides, the path and the
maximum size of the preview database can be defined in file options. In workgroups with several
VisCAM RP licenses the preview database can be installed on a shared directory device in the
network, for instance, and so enable access from all workstations. The consistency check of the
database ensures that no conflicts will amount in case of externally altered model files or
different files that have the same name. If the preview database reaches its preset maximum
size, the oldest preview pictures will be deleted automatically in order to clear new memory
space for current preview pictures.
Reference: File options, Move to envelope, Define machine, CLI Interfacer, SLC Interfacer,
Textures
22

Save to directory
Menu: File No icon No short cut
Saves the models of the current workspace separately to a directory
A definable selection of the models of the current workspace is saved separately into a userdefined
directory. For this, you can choose from all models in the active workspace, no matter
whether any single models are marked or any objects are selected at that time. Every model is
saved into a model file of its own. At this, the file name is automatically generated from the
corresponding model name. The selected file format is thereby defined as default for all
generated model files. In other respects, the saving of individual files is the same as the
"regular" saving of the whole workspace to a data file (see Save as).
Dialog Save to directory
Parts
All models contained in the current workspace are listed here, and they can be selected for
saving each one separately.
By default, all models are preselected when the function is called.
The buttons "Select all" and "Deselect all" enable faster handling of the list.
Save options
The model files are saved under a user-defined directory path consisting of a predefined top level
directory and an automatically generated subdirectory, which corresponds with the name of the
current workspace by default.
Name of top level directory
The top level directory can be predefined independently of the current workspace and the model
names, but it can also be changed at any time. For this purpose, the main directory can be
keyed in directly, or it can also be selected either via the button "Browse" from the browse
directory or from the list of the recently used directories. When the function is called, the top
level directory used the last time is preset by default.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Save parts to subdirectory
The name of the current workspace is proposed as subdirectory by default, but you can also
change the subdirectory at any time.
File format
Selection of the file format for the model files. Only one common file format can be chosen for
all of the selected models.
When saving triangle parts, the Stereolithography file format STL is preset.
A standard slice format can be defined for each machine in the machine database. It is preset for
saving a slice part.
Save build information
A build log containing detailed information about the saved parts or objects is automatically
generated when the parts and objects are saved. The log file contains all parameters of the
selected machine configuration, time and cost information as well as volume, dimensions,
surface area, etc. for all parts and objects contained in the workspace as well as for each object
separately.
The name of the log file results from the respective model file, the chosen file format and the file
extension ".BLD".
Check placement
Verifies before saving, whether the parts and objects are already placed in the envelope of the
selected machine. An automatic placement can then be performed optionally. At this, the
placement goes by the build parameters of the selected machine defined in the Machine
database.
File options
Opens the File options dialog. Here you can define individual settings for the supported file
formats as well as determine presets for the default directory and the preview.
INFO: You can also define the default measurement unit used for the individual file formats in
the File options dialog. VisCAM then converts from the internal unit of measurement
(millimeters) to the specified file unit automatically for saving.
Reference: Save as, File options, Define machine
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Close
Menu: File Icon: No short cut
Closes the current workspace
The current workspace is closed and the model content is cleared from the memory.
In order to prevent accidental wiping, a safety inquiry shows up before closure.
If additional workspaces have been created within the program, an automatic change to another
workspace will take place and its content will be shown.
Reference:
25

Create job
Menu: File No icon No short cut
Generates and starts an automatic processing job.
Tab page general parameters
Contains general parameters for the job creation.
Description of the parameters:
Define job
Name of new job
Defines the name of the new job.
Store job data at
Defines the path and directory for the new job. At the defined directory a new subdirectory for
the job will be created.
Import parts from
Defines the path where the input files will be taken from.
File formats of parts
This field defines the data format, the input data must have.
Allow insert from subdirectories
With this option activated, subdirectories of the "Import parts from" directory will be scanned
for input data.
Select machine
26

Model
With this parameters the machine will be selected which shall be taken for the new job.
Configuration
In this field the configuration of the machine which will be taken is shown.
Tab page: Setup platform
Contains parameters which are related to the facet data of the job.
Create job
Description of the paremeters:
Define actions
Maximum number of parts
The maximum number of parts a job can contain. When the maximum is reached no more parts
will be added to the job.
Stop after each inserted part
Makes it possible to manipulate the part after it was inserted from the input directory. Is this
option deactivated all parts will be read without interruption.
Stop before platform setup
Display an information dialog after all parts are inserted. If this option is disabled, after the
placement of the last part the platform will be build immediately.
Save platform view
Saves a bird view of the platform as bmp file.
Save build information
Save information about the parts and the machine of the job in a text file so that all parameters
can be reproduced afterwards.
Store build data
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Include original files in job
Defines the subdirectory of the job directory for the input data. It can be choosen between
moving and copying the input data to this directory. If this option is disabled, the input data will
not be stored and remains in the input directory.
Saved placed parts in separated files
Defines the data format and the subdirectory of the job directory where the separated and
aligned parts will be saved.
Save platform file with all placed parts
Defines the file name and the data format of the platform file with all parts. This file will be
saved in the job directory.
Tab page: Process slices
Contains parameters, which affect the slice preparation of the job.
Description of the parameters:
Define actions
Generate slices
If this option is activated slices will be generated for the job.
Generate hatches
Depending on the "Generate slices" option the generation of hatches can be switched on.
Generate supports
Depending on the "Generate slices" option the generation of supports can be switched on.
Stop each after action
When this option is activated the job will be interrupted after each step. By clicking on the red
arrow button the job will be continued.
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Create job
Stop only on errors
If this option is activated the job will only be interrupted on errors and when user intervention is
required.
Store slice data
Save sliced parts in separated files
Defines the data format and the subdirectory where the arranged an sliced parts are saved.
Every part is saved in a separate file.
Save platform file with all sliced parts
Defines the data format and the name of the platform file with all sliced parts. The file will be
saved in the job directory.
Realign 3D parts according to the slice parts
Adjust the position of the 3D parts to the position of the slice parts.
Reference:
29

Continue job
Menu: File No icon No short cut
Continues a saved job.
In the emerging open dialog a prj file of a VisCAM job can be selected. The state and information
of the job are restored and the job can be continued from the point when the prj file was saved.
Reference: Create job, Close job
30

Insert Part
Menu: File No icon No short cut
Inserts a part in the current processing job.
Reference:
31

Close job
Menu: File No icon No short cut
Saves and closes the active job.
The active job will be saved in the job directory as prj file and closed. The prj file can be used to
continue the job at the point when it was saved.
Reference: Create job, Continue job
32

Open by FTP
Menu: File No icon No short cut
Opens a new model file directly from an FTP server
After set-up of a connection to the specified FTP server, the selected model file is downloaded
from the server to the local computer and then imported directly into VisCAM RP.
As well as with the default function Open, the new model file can either be opened in a new
workspace or inserted as an additional model into the current workspace when read directly
from the FTP-server. Likewise, automatic placement of the imported model file can be
implemented optionally. However, only a single model files can be imported at a time in case of
direct reading from an FTP server.
Depending on the type of the imported model file (Surface, Facet or Slice model), additional
functions can possibly be performed at reading. They can be determined by the user adjustments
in the options for the corresponding model type (Surface options, Import options for mesh files,
Slice options).
By default, information about the imported model are shown after file reading. The automatic
display of model information can be either enabled or disabled in General options.
Dialog Open by FTP
Connection parameters
Controls the access to the FTP server.
Profile: Connection parameters for an FTP server are combined and saved in a profile file. All
generated profiles are administrated in the profile list and they can be selected there.
Generate profile:
For the generation of a profile, choose the entry New profile and define the name of the new
profile. The specified connect parameters are saved under this name automatically.
Alter profile:
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Changes in the connect parameters of a chosen profile are also saved automatically.
Delete profile:
The Delete function removes the selected profile from the profile register.
Profile settings:
Server: Name of the FTP server that is to be connected.
Account: Name of the account for access to the FTP server.
Password: Password corresponding to the specified account.
Directory: After set-up of the connection to the FTP server, an automatic change to the specified
directory takes place.
FTP connection:
Connect establishes the connection to the specified FTP server.
Disconnect suspends the established connection to the specified FTP server.
Connection status:
Underneath the dialog with the connect parameters, the current status is shown.
HINT: The progress in data transfer is shown in case a model file is being downloaded from the
FTP-server. In using the Stop function, data transfer can be suspended at any time.
Open new model
Imports the downloaded model file into a newly disposed workspace.
Insert into active model
Imports the downloaded model file as an additional model into the current workspace.
Automatic placement
Allows automatic placement of the read in model file in the envelope of the chosen machine.
The manner of the placement is defined by the parameters for the build envelope in the Machine
database.
Reference: Open, Move to envelope, Define machine, Surface options, Import options for mesh
files, Slice options, Textures
34

Save by FTP
Menu: File No icon No short cut
Saves the current workspace on an FTP-Server
Saves the current workspace temporarily in a model file in the selected format and transmits it
directly to a denoted FTP-Server.
As with the standard function for Saving a model file, it is verified before saving whether any
objects are marked, and inquired if only the marked parts or the whole workspace are supposed
to be saved.
Dialog Select file format
Before set-up of a FTP connection, a dialog is shown
for the selection of the file format for the model file
that is to be saved. Depending on the model content
of the current workspace, all supported file formats
are listed and they can be selected here.
An optional check whether the model is placed within
the build envelope is possible before saving. In case
the model is not positioned properly within the
envelope, it can be placed either automatically or it
can be saved without any change of its current
position.
If the dimensions of the model are too large for a
placement within the envelope, it can only be saved
without a change of the current position. Optionally,
saving can be cancelled so as to alter part placement
in the build envelope if required.
After the selection of the format, it will be checked
whether possibly existing model information such as
colours, hatches, negative coordinates or supports
can be saved in the chosen file format. In case of a
conflict, a corresponding warning is displayed.
In File options, specific settings regarding format version and possible format options can be
defined for certain formats.
INFO: You can also define the default measurement unit used for the individual file formats in
the File options dialog. VisCAM then converts from the internal unit of measurement
(millimeters) to the specified file unit automatically.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Dialog Save by FTP
Connection parameters
Controls the access to the FTP server.
Profile: Connection parameters for a FTP server are combined and saved in a profile file. All
generated profiles are administrated in the profile list, where they can be selected.
Generate Profile:
For the generation of a profile, choose the entry New profile and define the name of the new
profile. The specified connection parameters are saved under this name automatically.
Alter Profile:
Changes in the connect parameters of a chosen profile are also saved automatically.
Delete Profile:
The Delete function removes the selected profile from the profile list.
Profile settings:
Server: Name of the FTP server that is to be connected.
Account: Name of the account for access to the FTP server.
Password: Password corresponding to the specified account.
Directory: After set-up of the connection to the FTP server, an automatic change to the specified
directory takes place.
FTP connection:
Connect establishes the connection to the specified FTP server.
Disconnect suspends the established connection to the specified FTP server.
Connection status:
Underneath the dialog with the connect parameters, the
current status is shown.
HINT: The progress in data transfer is shown in case a
36

Save by FTP
model file is saved on the FTP-server. In using the Stop function, data transfer can be suspended
at any time.
Reference: File options, Move to envelope, Save as, Textures
37

Save view
Menu: File No icon No short cut
Saves the current model or platform view in a bitmap file
The current model or platform view can be saved either in the Windows bitmap format (.BMP) or
in the JPEG-format (.JPG). After the selection of the file format and the file name in the file
dialog, specific size and color settings can be defined for the bitmap file.
HINT: In order to insert the current model view as a bitmap into another program as for example
MS Word, the function Copy to clipboard (Shortcut STRG+K) from the Edit menu can be used
alternatively. At this, the model view is copied as a bitmap directly into the Windows clipboard,
and can be taken over directly by the usually existing function paste.
Dialog Save view
Size
Defines the width and height of the generated
bitmap. The default values correspond to the
window size of the model view (in pixels).
HINT: The maximum adjustable value for
width or height is limited to 4.096 Pixel.
When the option Keep aspect ratio is active
and width or height is altered, the other value
is automatically adapted to the aspect ratio of
the window. If this option is turned off, both
values can be adapted independently of each
other, so a bitmap file with any user-defined
aspect ratio can be generated.
HINT: The aspect ratio of the bitmap does not
affect the aspect ratio of the displayed models
within the bitmap. Therefore the models will
not look distorted in any case.
Color options
Defines the color properties of the generated
bitmap. The generation can take place in gray
scales or in colors, whereby either a color
depth of 16Bit RGB (High Color with 65.536 colors) or an 8Bit palette (Windows color range
with 256 colors) can be used.
HINT: Bitmaps in the JPEG-Format are always generated independent of the preset color depth
with 24Bit RGB colors (16.7 million colors).
Reference: Copy to clipboard, Save as, Copy to clipboard
38

Send view
Menu: File No icon No short cut
Sends an email with the current model position attached
This function generates an email notice that automatically contains the current model position as
an attachment.
The model view is generated internally as a Windows Bitmap file (.BMP) and it can be edited
with installed image-editing software before forwarding. In order to reduce the size of the
attachment (approx. 100 KB), the BMP-file is automatically converted to a compressed JPEG-file
(.JPG), when the email is sent.
It is necessary for the forwarding of the email that an email program able to use MAPI is
installed on the computer. MAPI is the standard interface of Windows for the activation of email
programs and it is supported by all prevalent systems like Microsoft Outlook or the Mozilla
Firebird.
Dialog Mail Editor
Header
The recipient's address data can be input in the upper region of the Mail Editor.
Mail to: Enter the email address of the recipient of the message.
All email addresses which have been input previously are saved in an address list and can also
be selected directly from the list.
Clear: Deletes the content of the address list saved internally.
Subject: Input of the subject heading of the message.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Text
The text of the message can be entered in the lower part of the Mail Editor,.
Edit attachment
Opens the attached model view as a BMP Bitmap file in an installed image-editing program. If
specific software for editing BMP files is registered in Windows, it is opened automatically.
Otherwise, the Windows software Paint is opened and the model position can be edited there.
Send
Sends the message with the user's registered standard mail program. If this software does not
support MAPI, a notice will show up. The message cannot be sent in this case.
Reference:
40

Print
Menu: File Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + P
Prints the current model view
After printer setup, the current model view is printed. Thereby, the model view is positioned in
the middle of the page. Additional information like the file name, the model dimensions as well
as specifications about the model content are positioned automatically on the outer borders of
the page and they are printed together with the model view.
Hint: When printing the model view, the generated print file, which depends on the maximum
resolution of the printer, can easily become very large. In order to limit the amount of data
independently of the chosen printer, the resolution can therefore be restricted to 300 dpi at the
maximum in General options. The print quality should be sufficient with 300 dpi in most cases,
wherefore this is set as the default value. In order to use the maximum resolution of the selected
printer, this option must be disabled.
Dialog Print Setup
In the Windows print dialog, settings for the printer can be defined. For example, this contains
the quality of print, the number of copies, the paper format, and additional adjustments.
The dialog also shows information about the printer that is currently installed and it allows the
configuration or reinstallation of a new standard printer.
Reference: General options
41

3D-Printing
Menu: File No icon No short cut
The complete build job (or selected models) can be transfered directly to the print software of
your 3d printer.
3D-printing on ZCorp printers
ZPrint software version 7.1 or higher must be installed. Only 3d-data can be transfered to ZPrint.
3D-printing on Objet printers
ObjetStudio version 7.8.3 or higher must be installed. 3d-data as well as 2d-layer data can be
transfered to ObjetStudio.
INFO: After installing or updating your 3d-printer software, VisCAM has to be restarted in order
to access the printer software correctly.
Reference:
42

View logfile
Menu: File No icon Short cut: Ctrl + L
Shows the content of the internal log file
VisCAM RP records the progression of each session in a separate log file. (File "log file" in the
VisCAM RP set-up directory.) In there, additional outputs of the conducted program functions
will be recorded.
The log file can also be opened directly by a mouse click on the array field
LOGFILE in the lower right corner of the status bar.
HINT: Often, a glance into the log file is worthwhile for acquiring additional information on
particular program activities or also for obtaining error messages.
By default, VisCAM RP overwrites the content of the previous log file on every new run. This
method can be switched off in the log file adjustments in General options. The record outputs
are then attached consecutively to the old log file.
HINT: In order to show the log file during the program execution, a Log window can be opened
in the menu Options. In the log window, the record outputs are shown directly before adding
them to the log file.
INFO: Presently, the record outputs have not yet been entirely internationalized, so some parts
of the output are still in German language.
Reference: General options, Log window
43

Exit
Menu: File No icon No short cut
Quits the programme
Closes all existing workspaces and terminates the program.
In order to prevent accidental exit, a safety inquiry will show up before termination.
Reference:
44

Edit menu
Contains general functions for editing workspaces
Undo
Undoes the last operation
Redo
Re-establishes the last undone operation
Next step in job
Implements the next step in the processing of the job
Previous step in job
Undoes the last step in the processing of the job
Triangles
Activates triangular editing in a workspace
Slices
Activates slice editing in a workspace
Info
Shows information about the selected model content
Pick and move
Allows interactive positioning of selected parts
Pick and rotate
Allows interactive rotation of selected parts
Move
Moves the selected model content
Rotate
Rotates the selected model content
Scale
Scales the selected model content
Mirror
Mirrors the selected model content
Convert
Scales the part depending on the unit of measurement
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Cut
Deletes the selected model content and pastes it into the store
Copy
Copies the selected model content into the store
Paste
Pastes the content of the store into the current workspace
Delete
Deletes the selected model content
Duplicate
Generates a definable number of copies of the selected model content
Empty store
Deletes the store content
Show store
Shows the store content
Copy to clipboard
Copies an image of the current model view to the windows clipboard
Reference: Triangles, Slices, Info, Move, Rotate, Scale, Mirror
46

Undo
Menu: Edit Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + Z
Undoes the last operation
All operations of the parts conducted since the program started can be restored.
For this, all of the conducted operations are saved into an Undo list and they can be restored in
any user-defined steps by the Undo function.
The restored operations are saved into a Redo list and they can be undone themselves by the
function Redo.
To Undo or Redo more steps you can use the Undo manager.
Reference: Redo, Undo manager
47

Redo
Menu: Edit Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + Y
Re-establishes the last undone operation
All operations of the parts conducted since the program started can be restored.
For this, all of the conducted operations are saved into a Redo list and they can be restored in
any user-defined steps by the Redo function.
The re-establishes operations are saved into an Undo list and they can be undone themselves by
the function Undo.
To Undo or Redo more steps you can use the Undo manager.
Reference: Undo, Undo manager
48

Next step in job
Menu: Edit Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + F
Implements the next step in the processing of the job
This function implements the next step in the processing of the job. At this, job processing must
be enabled (see Create job).
Reference: Create job, Previous step in job
49

Previous step in job
Menu: Edit Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + B
Undoes the last step in the processing of the job
This function revokes the last step in the processing of the job. At this, job processing must be
activated (see Create job).
Reference: Create job, Next step in job
50

Triangles
Menu: Edit Icon: No short cut
Activates triangle editing in a workspace
Triangle editing operates on the triangle mesh of a model.
VisCAM RP can administrate and operate several different representations of a model
simultaneously within one workspace. For example, if an IGES-file is read in and triangulated, the
imported CAD-surfaces and the generated triangle mesh are saved in different representations of
the model. For editing the different model data, the existing representations of the model can be
changed at any time. If an STL-file is read in directly, the workspace only contains a triangle
representation and triangle editing is activated automatically. In case of slice generation, a slice
representation containing the generated slices is created in addition.
When triangle editing is activated, the user interface changes and shows automatically all
functions available for triangle editing. Likewise, the model view changes and shows the triangle
representation of the model.
HINT: The position of the view (rotation, move, zoom, etc.) remains unchanged in case of a
variation of the model representation. This is especially helpful while editing and examining sub
areas or details of the model. For instance, if you zoom on a cylinder of an imported STL-model
in order to measure its radius, the same model area with the generated slice data is shown after
a change to slice editing. E.g., the radius of the cylinder can now be measured on the slice
contours and the result can be compared to that of the STL-model.
Triangular editing of a model Slice processing of the same model
INFO: Triangle editing requires the subsystem VisCAM Solid. If VisCAM Solid is not available,
triangle editing cannot be activated, and the menu item for switching over to triangle editing is
disabled. If the current workspace does not contain a triangle representation, this menu item is
disabled as well.
Reference : VisCAM Solid
51

Slices
Menu: Edit Icon: No short cut
Activates slice editing in a workspace
Slice editing operates on the slice contours of a model.
VisCAM RP can administrate and operate several different representations of a model
simultaneously within one workspace. For example, if an IGES-file is read and triangulated
afterwards, the imported CAD-surfaces and the generated triangle mesh are saved in different
representations of the model. An additional slice representation containing the generated slices is
created during slice generation. For editing the different model data the different representations
of the model can be changed. If a slice file is read in directly, the workspace contains a slice
representation only, and slice editing is activated automatically.
When slice editing is activated, the user interface changes and shows automatically all functions
available for slice editing. Likewise, the model view changes and shows the slice representation
of the model.
Hint: The position of the view (rotation, move, zoom, etc.) remains unchanged in case of a
variation of the model representation. This is especially helpful while editing and examining sub
areas or details of the model. For instance, if you zoom on a cylinder of an imported STL-model
in order to measure its radius, the same model area with the generated slice data is shown after
a change to slice processing. E.g., the radius of the cylinder can now be measured on the slice
contours and the result can be compared to that of the STL-model.
Slice processing of a model Triangular processing of the same model
INFO: Surface editing requires the subsystem VisCAM Slice. If it is not available, slice editing
cannot be activated, and the menu item for switching over to slice editing is disabled. If the
current workspace does not contain a slice representation, this menu item is be disabled as well.
References: VisCAM Slice
52

Info
Menu: Edit No icon Short cut: Ctrl + I
Shows information about the current model content
The information shown depends on the selected model representation of the current workspace.
Therefore, the information shown is about either surface, facet or slice representation.
If particular parts are chosen within the workspace, the model information only relates to the
selected parts. In case no parts are chosen, the information given always refer to the whole
workspace.
HINT: The model information can also be opened directly by clicking on
INFO in the upper right corner of the status bar.
Model information of the facet part
• Content parts: Number of the parts of the model
• Volume: Volume of the model in cm 3
• Surface area: Surface of the model in cm 2
• Normals: Number of normal lines of the model
• Aligned: Aligned normals of the model because of
an alignment of the triangles
• Unreached: Normals of the model unreached after
the alignment of the triangles
• Unmatched edges: Open-ended edges of the
model
• Triangles: Number of triangles in the model
• Original: Number of triangles of the originally
generated model
• Removed: Number of triangles deleted during program processing
• Added: Number of new triangles created during program processing
• Bounding box: Dimensions of the model
Model information of the slice part
• Content parts: Number of the parts of the
model
• Thickness: Slice thickness of the model. In case
of variable slice thickness, the minimum and the
maximum slice thickness are displayed
• Volume: Volume of the model in cm 3
• Contour area: Contour area of the model in cm 2
• Slices: Number of slices of the model
• Supports: Support layers below the part
• Removed: Removed slices of the model
• Hatches: Number of hatches of the model
• Support edges: Number of support lines of the
model
• Points: Number of contour points of the model
• Optimised: Contour points optimized by a recalculation of the contour resolution
• Removed: Contour points deleted during the removal of slices
• Bounding box: Dimensions of the model
53

VisCAM Help 4.0
Model information of the surface part
54
• Content parts: Number of the parts of the model
• VDAFS elements: Number of the imported CADelements
• SURF: Number of the imported SURF-elements
• FACE: Number of the imported FACE-elements
• CONS: Number of the imported CONS-elements
• CURVE: Number of the imported CURVE-elements
• Surfaces: Number of surfaces of the model
• Original: Number of surfaces at model generation
• Deleted: Removed surfaces of the model
• Turned: Model surfaces rotated during surface
alignment
• Unreached: Surfaces unreached by surface
alignment
• Double: Twin surfaces of the model
• Untrimmed: Untrimmed surfaces of the model
• Marked: Marked surfaces of the model
• Bounding box: Dimensions of the model
Reference:

Pick and move
Menu: Edit Icon: No short cut
Allows interactive positioning of selected parts
Using this function, you can move the selected part within the envelope.
At centre of the current selection a special helper object is shown to make controlled 3d
movement possible. The helper object has the shape of an axis tripod and offers handles for
movement along x, y and z axis (arrow lines) as well as for movement within xy, xz and yz plane
(rectangle area between corresponding arrow lines).
Helper object for interactive movement
Interactive movement within yz plane
Interactive movement along z axis
Movement is performed with the mouse by clicking and dragging the handle (arrow line or
rectangle area) that represents the desired movement. While dragging the handle the millimetre
movement values for the involved dimensions are shown.
HINT: Pick and move can be combined with mark surfaces (see menu facets – manipulate
surfaces) or with mark shells (see menu facets – manipulate shells). In these cases the selection
can be altered by clicking outside the helper object.
55

VisCAM Help 4.0
INFO: Base solids created with the function „Create base solid“ (see menu facets) exhibit their
own system of axes. The interactive transformation uses this special system of axes to ease
handling of base solids.
Reference: Pick and rotate, Select part
56

Pick and rotate
Menu: Edit Icon: No short cut
Allows interactive rotation of selected parts
With this function, you can rotate the selected part about its axes.
At centre of the current selection a special helper object is shown to make controlled 3d rotation
possible. The helper object has the shape of a sphere and offers handles for rotation about x, y
and z axis (red yellow and green circular arc), rotation within view plane (blue circle) as well as
for free rotation (inside dark grey circle).
Helper object for interactive rotation
Interactive rotation about x axis
Interactive rotation within view plane Free interactive rotation
Rotation is performed with the mouse by clicking and dragging the handle (circular arc, dark grey
circle or blue circle) that represents the desired rotation. While dragging the handle the rotation
angle degree value and a circle sector within the plane of rotation is shown. For free rotation an
arc is shown instead of the circle sector.
HINT: Pick and rotate can be combined with mark surfaces (see menu facets – manipulate
surfaces) or with mark shells (see menu facets – manipulate shells). In these cases the selection
can be altered by clicking outside the helper object.
INFO: For the slice representation of a model rotation is limited to rotation about z axis. In this
case the helper object offers only the handle for z axis rotation.
57

VisCAM Help 4.0
INFO: Base solids created with the function „Create base solid“ (see menu facets) exhibit their
own system of axes. The interactive transformation uses this special system of axes to ease
handling of base solids.
Reference: Pick and move, Select part
58

Move
Menu: Edit Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + T
Moves the selected model content
Permits a displacement of the selected model content in X-, Y- or Z-direction.
If particular parts are chosen within a model, the defined displacement refers only to the
selected objects. If no parts are chosen, the whole model content is moved.
HINT: In build preparation, selected model parts can also be Picked and moved and positioned
directly with the mouse. This is especially helpful when arranging several parts in the envelope
of the machine.
INFO: Using the function Undo, you can reset a moved part or object at any time. You can
reprocess the movement with the function Redo. This mechanism allows comfortable switching
between different positions when moving parts.
Dialog Move
Translation values
Defines the values for the displacement of the
model content alongside the three coordinate
axes.
X-axis: Displacement along the X-axis
Y-axis: Displacement along the Y-axis
Z-axis: Displacement along the Z-axis
Translation type
Determines how the translation values are to be
used on the model content.
Move relative: Starting from the current position,
the model content is displaced by the defined
values.
Move absolute: The centre of the model content is moved to the defined position independently
of its current position.
Remember entered values
If this option is active, the entered scaling values are saved and at the next call of the function,
they will be available as default values in the dialog. If the option is switched off, all factors are
preset with the value of 0.
Reference: Pick and move, Undo, Redo
59

Rotate
Menu: Edit Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + R
Rotates the active model content
Performs a rotation of the active model content about the X-, Y- or Z-axis.
If particular parts of a model are chosen, the defined rotation only relates to the selected parts.
In case no parts are chosen, the rotation given always refers to the whole model.
INFO: In case of a rotation about the X- or Y-axis, the active model content is put back to its
previous Z-position automatically. Thus, the Z-position of the active model content remains
unchanged in principle.
HINT: For the specification of the build direction of a model, there are functions for the
interactive selection and transformation of the bottom plane of a model available in build
preparation.
Dialog Rotate
Rotation values
Defines the particular values for the
rotation of the model content about the
three axes of coordinates.
X-Axis: Rotation about the X-axis
Y-Axis: Rotation about the Y-axis
Z-Axis: Rotation about the Z-axis
Rotation Center
Defines the pivot point about which the
active model content is rotated.
Model Center: Rotates about the central
point of the active model content.
Coordinate Center: Rotates about the
origin of coordinates.
Free point: Rotates around an unrestrictedly defined pivot point. The coordinates of this point
can be pinpointed by the function Define.
60

Remember entered values
If this option is active, the entered rotation values are saved, and the next time the rotate
function is invocated, they are automatically available as default values in the dialog. If this
function is disabled, all values are preset to zero.
Rotate
INFO: Slice models are not complete 3D-models and therefore they can only be rotated about the
Z-axis. Thus, the entries for the inputs of rotation values for the X- and Y-axis are not displayed
in the slice part.
Reference: Pick and rotate, Align to bottom plane, Align to side plane
61

Scale
Menu: Edit Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + W
Scales the selected model content
Performs an enlargement or diminishment of the selected model content in direction of the X-, Y-
or Z-axis.
If particular parts are selected within a model, the defined scaling only refers to the marked
parts. If no parts are selected, scaling is applied to the whole model content.
INFO: Using the function Undo, you can reset a scaled part at any time. You can reprocess the
scaling with the function Redo.
INFO: Scaling is implemented starting always from the minimum position (least in X, Y, or Z
measurements) of the selected model content. Thus, the minimum position (containing also the
Z-position) of the selected model content is maintained in case of scaling.
HINT: A separate function for the compensation of material shrinkage exists in build preparation.
It automatically enlarges the selected model content on the basis of definable factors for material
shrinkage (tab page "Material" in the machine database; requires VisCAM builder).
Dialog Scale
The scaling is determined by scaling
factors for each axis. They are defined
as follows:
Reduction: Factors between 0 and 1
result in diminishment
Extension: Factors larger than 1 result
in enlargement
Unaltered: Factor 1 does not cause any
changes
Scaling single axis
Defines independent scaling factors for
each coordinate axis.
Simultaneous scaling
Defines a uniform scaling factor for all
coordinate axes.
Scaling mode
All coordinate axes can either be scaled independently or simultaneously.
62

All axes independent: Uses the different scaling factors for each single axis.
All axes simultaneous: Uses a consistent scaling factor.
Remember entered values
If this option is active, the entered scaling values are saved and at the next call of the function,
they are available as default values in the dialog. If the option is disabled, all factors are preset
with the value of 1.
Scale
INFO: Slice models have a default slice thickness in direction of Z and therefore, they can only
be scaled in the contour plane in the direction of the X- and Y- axes. Thus, the entry for the
input of the scaling factor in direction of the Z-axis is not shown in the slice part (VisCAM Slice).
References: Compensate shrinkage, Define machine
63

Mirror
Menu: Edit Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + M
Mirrors the selected model content
Performs a mirroring of the selected model content in X-, Y- or Z-direction.
If particular parts are chosen within a model, the defined mirroring refers only to the selected
objects. If no parts are chosen, the whole model content is mirrored.
INFO: The determination of the direction of mirroring results from the selection of the mirror
plane, in which the mirror is positioned. The mirroring is performed in perpendicular direction to
the mirror plane.
The mirror plane is always in the middle of the selected model content. Thereby, the position of
the selected model content remains the same in case of a reflection.
HINT: The repeated reflection of the selected model content on the same mirror plane undoes
the previous reflection. Thus, the selected mirror plane is saved and pre-selected automatically
when the functions is called the next time.
Dialog Mirror
Position of the mirror
Defines the mirror plane, in which the mirror is positioned.
XY-plane: Mirroring in Z-direction
XZ-plane: Mirroring in Y-direction
YZ-plane: Mirroring in X-direction
Reference:
64

Convert
Menu: Edit No icon Short cut: Ctrl + U
Scales the part depending on the unit of measurement
This function allows a subsequent conversion of the part from one measuring unit to another. At
this, the part measurements are adapted by Scaling with the conversion factor of the measuring
units.
In general, VisCAM RP internally operates only in millimeters (mm). Therefore, if an imported file
contains data in a different unit of measurement, VisCAM automatically converts it to
millimeters. At this, the conversion factor of the two measuring units is calculated and all data
of the file is scaled with this factor. The automatic conversion is also conducted during file
export, if the file format description demands another unit of measurement than millimeters.
However, a correct conversion is only possible if the measuring unit in use is specified in the
data file or predetermined in the specification of the file format.
In case of some formats, like the STL format, no predefined unit of measurement is specified.
Thus, the measuring unit millimeter is set as a default value for the import of an STL file.
Depending on the origin of the STL file another unit of measurement, e.g. inch, may be in use
without any evidence from the data file. In this case, the measuring of the data is interpreted too
small by the factor 25.4 (from inch to mm).
In case of other file formats, as for example VRML or 3DS (3D Studio), the unit of measurement
is predetermined in the data file specifications, but nevertheless, the data files are often
exported in the wrong unit of measurement without any apparentness from the data file. Thus,
the dimensions are also interpreted incorrectly, despite a correct conversion by VisCAM.
Particularly with regard to the VRML format, which predefines meters as unit of measurement,
the files are often exported in millimeters instead. In that case, the data is interpreted too large
by the factor 1000 (from meter to mm).
In either case, you can restore the original measurements of the part by a subsequent conversion
of the measuring unit with the Convert function.
HINT: The File options dialog Set default file unit values defines the default measuring units for
data import and export for each supported file format separately. If, for instance, "inch" is
defined as the default unit for the import and export of STL files, all triangles of an STL file are
automatically converted from inches to millimeters when they are read in. For saving, all
triangles are then converted back from millimeters to inches automatically before they are
exported in inches.
Dialog Convert
Define the original unit of measurement of the data file
in the input field from and the unit that you aim for as
the result of the conversion in the input field to.
INFO: If, for example, a data file with the original
measuring unit inch has been imported in the default
unit millimeter, select from inch to millimeter for a
subsequent conversion.
Reference: Scale, File options, Set default file unit values
65

Cut
Menu: Edit Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + X
Deletes the selected model content and pastes it into the store
The function Cut deletes all selected objects from the model data in the current workspace and
copies them into the store.
You can mark objects for cutting with the functions Mark shells, Mark surfaces and Select part.
If no particular objects are marked, all model data is cut from the workspace, which is then
closed automatically.
INFO: The cutting of model data is only supported for editing triangle models. The Cut function
is automatically disabled during the processing of surface or slice models.
The current content of the store can be seen and reviewed at any time by the function Show
store.
The function Paste inserts the content of the store into the model data of any other workspace.
Thus, this mechanism allows the transfer of individual objects in-between different workspaces.
HINT: This mechanism can also be very helpful for the repair and manipulation of a triangle
model, when particular objects shall be detached from the model so they can be edited
separately.
• For this, choose the objects to be altered with the corresponding function and paste the
marked objects with the function Cut (Shortcut CTRL+X) into the store.
• Create a new workspace with the function New (Shortcut CTRL+N) and insert the data
from the store with the function Paste (Shortcut CTRL+V) into the empty workspace.
• You can now edit the objects locally and separately from the rest of the model without
losing the overview of the model as a whole.
• At last, reinsert the edited objects with the functions Cut and Paste directly into the
previous workspace.
INFO: The menu Model lists all available workspaces, and here you can toggle between the
workspaces at any time.
Reference: VisCAM Solid, Mark shells, Mark surfaces, Select part, Paste, New, Show store
66

Copy
Menu: Edit Icon: Shortcut: Ctrl + C
Copies the selected model content into the store
This function copies all selected objects from the current workspace into the store.
You can mark objects for copying with the functions Mark shells, Mark surfaces and Select part.
If no particular objects are marked, all model data in the active workspace is copied.
INFO: Copying of model data is only supported for editing triangle models. The Copy function is
automatically disabled during the processing of surface or slice models.
The current content of the store can be seen and reviewed at any time by the function Show
store.
The function Paste inserts the content of the store into the model data of another workspace.
This mechanism allows the copying of individual objects in-between different workspaces.
INFO: The menu Model lists all available workspaces, and here you can toggle between the
workspaces at any time.
Reference: VisCAM Solid, Mark shells, Mark surfaces, Select part, Paste, Show store
67

Paste
Menu: Edit Icon: Short cut: Ctrl + V
Pastes the content of the store into the current workspace
If model data of one workspace has been filed into the store with the functions Cut or Copy, the
function Paste inserts the content of the store into the model data of any other workspace.
INFO: The content of the store can be seen and reviewed at any time by the function Show
store.
Depending on the current processing mode, the model data are pasted into the workspace in
different ways.
During Build preparation (requires VisCAM Builder), the inserted objects are automatically placed
in the build envelope of the machine. The Placement conforms to the parameters defined for the
build envelope of the selected machine (cp. tab page envelope in the Machine database).
Therefore, the store can be used to create a copy of a part and place it in the envelope.
Alternatively, the function Duplicate can be used for this purpose. It generates a definable
number of copies of the object, which can then be placed in the envelope.
In contrast, the content of the store is pasted into the workspace without any automatic
placement in the processing mode Repair model. The object is always inserted at the same
position from where it has been cut or copied into the store previously.
HINT: The store can also be very helpful for the repair and manipulation of a triangle model,
when particular objects shall be detached from the model so they can be edited separately and
reinserted afterwards.
• For this, choose the objects to be altered with the corresponding function and paste the
marked objects with the function Cut (Shortcut CTRL+X) into the store.
• Create a new workspace with the function New (Shortcut CTRL+N) and insert the data
from the store with the function Paste (Shortcut CTRL+V) into the empty workspace.
• You can now edit the objects locally and separately from the rest of the model without
losing the overview of the model as a whole.
• At last, reinsert the edited objects with the functions Cut and Paste directly into the
previous workspace.
INFO: The menu Model lists all available workspaces, and here you can toggle between the
workspaces at any time.
Reference: Cut, Copy, Show store, Repair model, Build preparation, Duplicate, Define machine
68

Delete
Menu: Edit Icon: Shortcut: Ctrl + D
Deletes the selected model content
The function Delete removes the marked objects or selected parts from the current workspace.
The deletion of selected objects is only supported for the processing of triangle parts. You can
mark objects for deletion with the functions Mark shells and Mark surfaces.
In contrast, the deletion of selected parts in the build preparation is supported for triangle parts
as well as for slice parts or layer parts.
If no particular parts or objects are marked, all model data of the active representation is deleted
from the workspace. If the workspace contains only one representation, the workspace is closed
automatically.
INFO: VisCAM RP can administer and edit different model representations in one workspace at
the same time. For instance, a workspace contains one representation of the model for triangle
data as well as a separate one for slice data, if an STL file has been read in and layers for the
triangle model have been generated afterwards.
So as to prevent accidental deletion, a safety request is displayed preliminary to the removal.
Reference: Build preparation, Mark shells, Mark surfaces, Select part
69

Duplicate
Menu: Edit No icon Short cut: Ctrl + D
Generates a definable number of copies of the selected model content
The function Duplicate copies the selected parts into the store and reinserts the desired number
of copies into the current workspace. When the copies are inserted, they are automatically
placed into the envelope according to the defined placement options.
You can select the individual parts in the Build preparation with the function Select part. If no
particular part is selected, all parts of the workspace are copied and reinserted in the
corresponding number.
INFO: The function Duplicate is only available for triangle- and slice models. Therefore, it is
automatically disabled during the processing of surface models.
Dialog Duplicate
Number of copies
Defines the number of copies that are generated from the
selected part.
Part spacing
Defines the distance between the inserted copies in the
envelope.
Placement mode
Defines the placement method to apply on the duplicated
parts. Two options are selectable, Box based and Shape
based. For a description of the two methods see Placement
options.
Part placement
Defines the placing mode for the automatic arrangement of the generated copies.
If part placement Horizontal is active, the copies are arranged in horizontal rows in the XY-plane.
Part placement Vertical arranges the parts in vertical columns in the XY-plane of the envelope.
Part placement Circular arranges the parts circularly around the defined reference position in the
XY-plane.
INFO: The default values for the placement options correspond to the settings in the Machine
database. You can define additional parameters for the placement of the parts like for example
the reference or the definition of the build envelope on tab page Envelope.
Reference: Define machine, Select part, Build preparation, Facets, Slices
70

Empty store
Menu: Edit No icon No shortcut
Deletes the store content
This function deletes all model data from the store.
INFO: The function Show store displays the content of the store so you can check it before
erasure.
Reference: Show store, Facets
71

Show store
Menu: Edit No icon Short cut: Ctrl + A
Shows the store content
With this function you can display and check the content of the store, provided that any parts or
objects have been pasted into it using the functions Cut and Copy.
Dialog of the function Show store
A picture of the parts or objects contained in the store is shown on the right side of the dialog.
Additional information about the parts or objects is shown on the left side.
Model store information
The model name of the parts or objects contained in the store is displayed at the beginning of
the model information.
All further information is listed subsequently:
• Content parts: Number of objects contained in the store
• Volume: Volume of the parts or objects in cm 3
• Surface area: Surface area of the parts or objects in cm 2
• Unmatched edges: Number of the unmatched edges of the parts or objects
• Triangles: Number of the triangles of the parts or objects
• Edges: Number of the edges of the parts or objects
• Points: Number of the points of the parts or objects
Reference: Cut, Copy, Paste
72

Copy to clipboard
Menu: Edit No icon Shortcut: Ctrl + K
Copies an image of the current model view to the Windows clipboard
The current model view is copied as a bitmap in the BMP format into the clipboard of Windows.
The size and the aspect ratio of the copy are in accordance with the current dimensions of the
original model window.
You can use this function to insert a copy of the current model view directly into another
program, as for example MS Word. If the respective program supports the Windows clipboard,
you can insert the copied model view with the function Insert from the Edit menu in most cases.
HINT: You can also use the function Save view to save the current model view either as a BMP
or as a JPEG file. Using this function, you can also define the size, the aspect ratio as well as
the color settings of the image.
HINT: If you need the model view for sending an email, you can also use the function Send
view. This function generates and sends an email with the current model view in the JPEG
format as an attachment.
Reference: Save view, Send view
73

View menu
Contains general functions for the control of the model view
Cross section
View of the model alongside a cutting plane
Flipped triangles
Shows the inverted triangles of the model
Unmatched edges
Contains functions for the display of unmatched triangle edges of the
model
Overlapping triangles
Calculating and display of overlapping triangles
Intersecting triangles
Calculating and display of intersecting triangles
Textures
Toggles the texture rendering (on/off)
Ruler
Display a ruler within the model view window
Grid
Display a grid on the XY-plane within the model view window
Origin
Display the origin of the world coordinate system within the model view window
Wire frame
Displays the model data as a wire frame
Hidden line
Displays the model data as a wire frame without hidden lines
Flat shaded
Displays the model data realistically shaded (flat shading)
Smooth shaded
Displays the model data shaded with smoothed transitions (smooth shading)
Shaded + wire frame
Displays the model data shaded but also shows the edge lines
74

Animation ...
Starts an animation of the active models.
Position
Contains standard functions for the position setting
Rotate
Contains the functions for the rotation of the view position
Move
Contains the functions for the displacement of the view position
Zoom
Contains the functions for the selection of the view position sector
Reference:
View menu
75

Cross section
Menu: View Icon: No short cut
View of the model alongside a cutting plane
Dialog of the function Cross section
In this dialog, you can determine the position, the axis and the display of the section. In addition,
you can call the dialog of the function Split model (see Split model).
Section position
76

Cross section
Defines the position of the section plane on the section axis. You can determine the section
position with the slider or by entering a numerical value. The section position is restricted to the
sector of the selected section axis which the model stretches across.
Section axis
You can choose one of the main axes of the coordinate system as section axis.
• None: Disables the section axis and in turn the cross section.
• X: Defines the x-axis as the section axis.
• Y: Defines the y-axis as the section axis.
• Z: Defines the z-axis as the section axis.
Section display
• Back: Displays the rear half of the cut model.
• Front: Displays the front half of the cut model.
• Both sides: Shows both halves of the cut model.
• Show section: Shows the profile of the model in the section plane.
• Measure section: Supports especially the selection of positions on the section profile for
the measurement functions in the Annotation menu. You can only choose this function
when the function Show section is enabled.
HINT: Using the cross section, hidden parts of the model can be made visible and editable. In
addition, you can study the inside of the model.
Reference: Split model, Annotation
77

Flipped triangles
Menu: View Icon: No short cut
Shows the reverse sides of the triangles of a model
Activates or deactivates the display of the reverse sides of triangles.
Non-closed part with invisible reverse sides of the triangles
The sum of all triangles that belong to a part describes its surface. The front of a triangle always
directs away from the shell. Thus, the reverse sides of the triangles of a correctly described
(closed) part are not visible since they direct inwards and you cannot look inside the closed shell.
For this reason the reverse sides of the triangles are not drawn by default, which enables a
faster graphical display.
78

Non-closed part with visible reverse sides of triangles
Flipped triangles
In case of faulty geometry however, it is helpful to display the reverse sides of the triangles.
Otherwise triangles with a wrong orientation may not be visible, which could have a misleading
effect on the observer. These so called "faulty normals" may cause errors within calculations.
For example, "Boolean operations" are operations that do not work in that case.
Reference: Adjust triangles
79

Unmatched edges menu
Menu: View
Contains different functions for the display of unmatched triangle
edges of the model
Only unmatched
Exclusively displays the unmatched edges of the model
Fade unmatched in model
Shows the unmatched edges screened by the triangles of the model
Draw unmatched on model
Shows the unmatched edges unscreened by the triangles of the model
Reference: Menu Facets
80

Only unmatched
Menu: Unmatched edges Icon: No short cut
Exclusively displays the unmatched edges of the model
Shows only the unmatched edges of the model. All other edges and triangles are invisible.
Reference: Draw unmatched edges, Fade unmatched edges
81

Fade unmatched in model
Menu: Unmatched edges Icon: No short cut
Shows the unmatched edges screened by the triangles of the model
Shows the unmatched edges of the model. They may be screened by other triangles.
Reference: Draw unmatched on model, Only unmatched
82

Draw unmatched on model
Menu: Unmatched edges Icon: No short cut
Shows the unmatched edges unscreened by the triangles of the model
All unmatched edges of the model are shown. They are displayed so that they are not screened
by any other triangles.
Reference: Fade unmatched in model, Only unmatched
83

Overlapping triangles
Menu: View Icon: No short cut
Calculating and display of overlapping triangles
Reference:
84

Intersecting triangles
Menu: View Icon: No short cut
Calculating and display of intersecting triangles
Reference:
85

Textures
Menu: View No icon No short cut
Toggles the texture rendering (on/off).
Reference: Texture processing
86

Ruler
Menu: View No icon No short cut
Display a ruler within the model view window
Reference:
87

Grid
Menu: View No icon No short cut
Display a grid on the XY-plane within the model view window
Reference:
88

Origin
Menu: View No icon No short cut
Display the origin of the world coordinate system within the model view window
Reference:
89

Wire Frame
Menu: View Icon: No short cut
Displays the model data as a wire frame
By activating wire frame view within the facet part the edges of all facets are displayed without
filling the triangle surfaces. Edges of hidden facets are visible.
If wire frame is active, only the curves of the slices are displayed within the slice part. The
extrusion of the contours for displaying the slice thickness is hidden.
Reference: Hidden Line
90

Hidden line
Menu: View Icon: No short cut
Displays the model data as a wire frame without hidden lines
Within the facet part the edges of all facets are displayed without filling the triangle surfaces.
Edges of hidden facets are invisible.
This option is not available within the slice part.
Reference: Wire Frame
91

Flat shaded
Menu: View Icon: No short cut
Displays the model data realistically shaded (flat shading)
Within the facet part all facets are displayed filled. To fill a facet its surface normal is used with
the result that the facet is filled using a single shade.
Within the slice part only the vertical extrusion of the contours is used to display the slice
thickness. To fill a face of the contour extrusion its normal is used with the result that the face
is filled using a single shade only.
Reference: Smooth shaded
92

Smooth shaded
Menu: View Icon: No short cut
Displays the model data shaded with smoothed transitions (smooth shading)
Within the facet part all facets are displayed filled. To fill a facet the normals of the three
vertices are used with the result that the transitions between adjacent facets are displayed
smoother.
Within the slice part only the vertical extrusion of the contours is used to display the slice
thickness. To fill a face of the contour extrusion the normals of the vertices are used with the
result that the transitions between adjacent facets are displayed smoother.
HINT: The shininess and specularity of the smooth shading can be adjusted in the dialog View
options. These settings can be used to simulate the look of certain materials.
Reference: Flat shaded
93

Shaded + Wire Frame
Menu: View Icon: No short cut
Displays the model data shaded but also shows the edge lines
Within the facet part all facets are displayed filled. To fill a facet its surface normal is used with
the result that the facet is filled using a single shade. In addition the edges of the facets are
displayed.
Within the slice part the vertical extrusion of the contours is used to display the slice thickness.
To fill a face of the contour extrusion its normal is used with the result that the face is filled
using a single shade. In addition the curves of the slices are displayed.
HINT: By displaying the facet edges it is easier to evaluate the contour resolution of the model
within crucial areas.
Reference: Flat shaded
94

Animation
Menu: View No icon No short cut
Starts an animation of the active models.
Before the display of the animation begins, a setting dialog will be shown.
Dialog Animation options
Options
Duration of a rotation around the Z axis in seconds: This option sets how long a full rotation
around the Z-axis will take.
INFO: The animation loop can be aborted by holding down the ESC-key on your keyboard.
Reference:
95

Position menu
Menu: View
Contains standard functions for the view position setting
Reset
Resets the position in order to display the model data entirely
Isometric
Displays the model data in the isometric position (default position)
Top
Displays the model data in the top view
Bottom
Displays the model data in the bottom view
Front
Displays the model data in the front view
Back
Displays the model data in the back view
Left
Displays the model data in the view position from the left
Right
Displays the model data in the view position from the right
User
Displays the model data in a user-defined view position
Define
Allows the definition of the user-defined view position
Before
Displays the model data in the previous view position
Reference: View Menu
96

Reset
Menu: Position Icon: No short cut
Resets the position in order to display the model data entirely
Using different methods to change the view or the model, i.e. zoom and translation, not all
model data may be visible (intended or unintended). By resetting the view all model data
becomes visible.
Reference:
97

Isometric
Menu: Position Icon: Short cut: F5
Displays the model data in the isometric position (default position)
Using isometric view the model is displayed from a bird’s eye view.
Reference:
98

Top
Menu: Position Icon: Short cut: F6
Displays the model data in the top view
The viewer resides at the positive end of the z-axis.
Reference:
99

Bottom
Menu: Position Icon: Short cut: F7
Displays the model data in the bottom view
The viewer resides at the negative end of the z-axis.
Reference:
100

Front
Menu: Position Icon: Short cut: F8
Displays the model data in the front view
The viewer resides at the negative end of the y-axis.
Reference:
101

Back
Menu: Position Icon: Short cut: F9
Displays the model data in the back view
The viewer resides at the positive end of the y-axis.
Reference:
102

Left
Menu: Position Icon: Short cut: F11
Displays the model data in the view position from the left
The viewer resides at the negative end of the x-axis.
Reference:
103

Right
Menu: Position Icon: Short cut: F12
Displays the model data in the view position from the right
The viewer resides at the positive end of the x-axis.
Reference:
104

User
Menu: Position Icon: No short cut
Displays the model data in a user-defined view position
If a user defined view is created, it can be selected using this function.
Reference: Define
105

Define
Menu: Position No icon No short cut
Allows the definition of the user-defined view position
Dialog Define User View
The rotation values of the current view are displayed. These values can be changed. After the
values are acknowledged the user defined view is set accordingly.
X-Axis
Rotation angle around the X-Axis
Y-Axis
Rotation angle around the Y- Axis
Z-Axis
Rotation angle around the Z- Axis
Reference: User
106

Before
Menu: Position Icon: No short cut
Displays the model data in the previous view position
The previous view position is saved, so that using this function you may switch between the
current and the previous view position.
Reference:
107

Rotate menu
Menu: View
Contains the functions for the rotation of the view position
Rotate free
Allows interactive rotation of the view position about all axes
Define rotation
Rotates the view position about unrestrictedly definable rotation
values
Rotate x-axis orthogonal
Allows the interactive rotation of the view position about the x-axis
Rotate y-axis orthogonal
Allows the interactive rotation of the view position about the y-axis
Rotate z-axis orthogonal
Allows the interactive rotation of the view position about the z-axis
Positive x-axis
Rotates the view position positive to the x-axis by a default factor
Positive y-axis
Rotates the view position positive to the y-axis by a default factor
Positive z-axis
Rotates the view position positive to the z-axis by a default factor
Negative x-axis
Rotates the view position negative to the x-axis by a default factor
Negative y-axis
Rotates the view position negative to the y-axis by a default factor
Negative z-axis
Rotates the view position negative to the z-axis by a default factor
Reference: View Menu
108

Rotate free
Menu: Rotate Icon: No short cut
Allows interactive rotation of the view position about all axes
For the interactive rotation around any axis of the screen a so called “Arcball” is used. You can
imagine it as a virtual glass sphere containing the model. A path between two points on the
surface of the virtual glass sphere defines a rotation of the view, taking account of the axes of
the screen. Such a path is defined by clicking and dragging the mouse. During the interaction the
virtual glass sphere and the defined path are displayed.
HINT: By returning to the start point of the path, the original rotation of the view can be
restored.
HINT: If you want to obtain a certain view position, you can define it directly by using the
function Define rotation where numerical rotation values are entered.
Reference:
109

Define rotation
Menu: Rotate No icon No short cut
Rotates the view position about unrestrictedly definable rotation values
Dialog View Rotation
The absolute rotation values of the current view are displayed and they can be altered in this
dialog. After the values are confirmed, the view is changed to correspond to the values.
X-Axis
Rotation value around the X-Axis
Y-Axis
Rotation value around the Y-Axis
Z-Axis
Rotation value around the Z-Axis
Reference: Rotate free
110

Rotate x-axis orthogonal
Menu: Rotate Icon: No short cut
Allows the interactive rotation of the view position about the x-axis
For the interactive rotation about the x-axis of the screen a so called “Arcball” is used. You can
imagine it as a virtual glass sphere containing the model. A path between two points on the
surface of the virtual glass sphere defines a rotation of the view. Such a path is defined by
clicking and dragging the mouse. The path is automatically restricted, so the rotation is only
possible around the x-axis of the display. During the interaction the virtual glass sphere and the
defined path are displayed.
HINT:The x-axis of the screen runs from the left to the right side from the users point of view.
HINT:By returning to the start point of the path, the original rotation of the view can be restored.
Reference: Rotate free
111

Rotate y-axis orthogonal
Menu: Rotate Icon: No short cut
Allows the interactive rotation of the view position about the y-axis
For the interactive rotation around the y-axis of the screen a so called “Arcball” is used. You can
imagine it as a virtual glass sphere containing the model. A path between two points on the
surface of the virtual glass sphere defines a rotation of the view. Such a path is defined by
clicking and dragging the mouse. The path is automatically restricted, so the rotation is only
possible around the y-axis of the display. The virtual glass sphere and the defined path are
displayed during the interaction.
HINT: The y-axis of the screen runs from the bottom to the top side from the users point of
view.
HINT: By returning to the start point of the path, the original rotation of the view can be
restored.
Reference: Rotate free
112

Rotate z-axis orthogonal
Menu: Rotate Icon: No short cut
Allows the interactive rotation of the view position about the z-axis
For the interactive rotation around the z-axis of the screen a so called “Arcball” is used. You can
imagine it as a virtual glass sphere containing the model. A path between two points on the
surface of the virtual glass sphere defines a rotation of the view. Such a path is defined by
clicking and dragging the mouse. The path is automatically restricted, so the rotation is only
possible around the z-axis of the display. The virtual glass sphere and the defined path are
displayed during the interaction.
HINT: The z-axis of the screen runs from the front to the back side from the users point of view.
HINT: By returning to the start point of the path, the original rotation of the view can be
restored.
Reference: Rotate free
113

Positive x-axis
Menu: Rotate Icon: No short cut
Rotates the view position positive to the x-axis by a default factor
A positive rotation around the x-axis of the screen is performed. The factor is defined with 3
degree.
HINT: The x-axis of the screen runs from the left to the right side from the users point of view.
Reference:
114

Positive y-axis
Menu: Rotate Icon: No short cut
Rotates the view position positive to the y-axis by a default factor
A positive rotation around the y-axis of the screen is performed. The factor is defined with 3
degree
HINT: The y-axis of the screen runs from the bottom to the top side from the users point of
view.
Reference:
115

Positive z-axis
Menu: Rotate Icon: No short cut
Rotates the view position positive to the z-axis by a default factor
A positive rotation around the z-axis of the screen is performed. The factor is defined with 3
degree.
HINT: The z-axis of the screen runs from the front to the back side from the users point of view.
Reference:
116

Negative x-axis
Menu: Rotate Icon: No short cut
Rotates the view position negative to the x-axis of the screen by a default factor
A negative rotation around the x-axis of the screen is performed. The factor is defined with 3
degree.
HINT: The x-axis of the screen runs from the left to the right side from the users point of view.
Reference:
117

Negative y-axis
Menu: Rotate Icon: No short cut
Rotates the view position negative to the y-axis by a default factor
A negative rotation around the y-axis of the screen is performed. The factor is defined with 3
degree.
HINT: The y-axis of the screen runs from the bottom to the top side from the users point of
view.
Reference:
118

Negative z-axis
Menu: Rotate Icon: No short cut
Rotates the view position negative to the z-axis by a default factor
A negative rotation around the z-axis of the screen is performed. The factor is defined with 3
degree.
HINT: The z-axis of the screen runs from the front to the back side from the users point of view.
Reference:
119

Move menu
Menu: View
Contains the functions for the displacement of the view position
Move in the xy-plane
Allows the interactive displacement of the view position within the plane
of the video screen
Move along z-axis
Allows interactive reduction or magnification of the work space
Positive x-axis
Moves the view position by a default factor to the right
Positive y-axis
Moves the view position by a default factor to the top
Negative x-axis
Moves the view position by a default factor to the left
Negative y-axis
Moves the view position by a default factor to the bottom
Reference: View Menu
120

Move in xy-plane
Menu: Move Icon: No short cut
Allows the interactive displacement of the view position within the plane of the video screen
By clicking and dragging the mouse the view can be translated within the plane of the video
screen.
Reference: Move along z-axis
121

Move along z-axis
Menu: Move Icon: No short cut
Allows interactive reduction or magnification of the work space
By clicking and dragging the mouse in vertical direction the work space can be scaled up and
down.
Reference: Move in xy-plane
122

Positiv x-axis
Menu: Move Icon: No short cut
Moves the view position by a default factor to the right
A translation of the view to the right is carried out. The amount of the translation is defined with
10 percent of the view dimension in x.
Reference:
123

Positiv y-axis
Menu: Move Icon: Short cut: Pg up
Moves the view position by a default factor to the top
A translation of the view to the top is carried out. The amount of the translation is defined with
10 percent of the view dimension in y.
Reference:
124

Negative x-axis
Menu: Move Icon: No short cut
Moves the view position by a default factor to the left
A translation of the view to the left is carried out. The amount of the translation is defined with
10 percent of the view dimension in x.
Reference:
125

Negative y-axis
Menu: Move Icon: Short cut: Pg down
Moves the view position by a default factor to the bottom
A translation of the view to the bottom is carried out. The amount of the translation is defined
with 10 percent of the view dimension in y.
Reference:
126

Zoom menu
Menu: View
Contains the functions for the selection of the view position sector
Zoom free
Allows the interactive selection of the view position sector
Reset Zoom
Undoes all modifications of the view position sector
Zoom in
Downsizes the view position sector by a default factor
Zoom out
Aggrandises the view position sector by a default factor
Reference:
127

Zoom free
Menu: Zoom Icon: No short cut
Allows the interactive selection of the view position sector
By clicking and dragging a rectangle is opened that defines the view position sector. While
creating the new view position sector, the aspect ratio is automatically kept.
Using the function Reset zoom the previous view is restored.
Reference: Reset zoom
128

Reset zoom
Menu: Zoom Icon: Short cut: F2
Undoes all modifications of the view position sector
The zoom settings are reset, not affecting changes of the view translation and rotation
HINT: If you can not see any parts after resetting of the zoom, you can use the function Reset
view to reset changes of the view translation.
Reference: Zoom in, Zoom out, Zoom free
129

Zoom in
Menu: Zoom Icon: Short cut: F3
Downsizes the view position sector by a default factor
The view position sector is decremented about 10 percent of the aspect ratio of the screen.
TIPP: If your mouse is equipped with a wheel, you can zoom in and out by turning the wheel.
Reference: Zoom out
130

Zoom out
Menu: Zoom Icon: Short cut: F4
Aggrandises the view position sector by a default factor
The view position sector is incremented about 10 percent of the aspect ratio of the screen.
Reference: Zoom in
131

Annotation menu
Contains functions for the dimensioning and the annotation of model data
Show annotations
Contained measurements and annotations are displayed
Delete annotations
Deletes all measurements and annotations of the selected model
Measure point
Shows the coordinates of a point selected on the model
Measure distance
Measures the distance between two points selected on the model
Measure angle
Measures the angle between three points selected on the model
Measure radius
Measures the radius of a circular arc defined by three points selected on the model
Measure object
Shows the measurements of an object in the model representation
Annotate spot
Allows the annotation of a spot in the current model representation
Annotate object
Shows detailed information about the selected object in the current model representation
Annotate model
Shows a tab page with detailed information about the entire model
Add note
Inserts a notice icon including the respective text note into the model representation
Add text
Shows any user-defined text directly in the model representation
Draw freehand
Allows freehand drawing of a line in the model representation (red-lining)
Reference:
132

Show annotations
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Contained measurements and annotations are displayed
By default, all existing measurements and annotations are displayed while the editing mode
Annotate model is active. They are hidden automatically when you switch to another mode.
Measurements and annotations are not displayed in the editing modes Repair model and Build
preparation.
The display of annotations and measurements is only switched on or off for the active
representation of the current workspace. This means that the display of the annotations and
measurements can be enabled in the slice model, but disabled in the triangle model of the same
workspace.
INFO: You can manage and administer the display of individual elements systematically with the
Annotation manager.
This function is especially useful for showing and hiding all annotations and measurements
rapidly and easily without having to alter the display settings of individual elements.
Reference: Annotate model, Repair model, Build preparation, Annotation manager
133

Delete annotations
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Deletes all measurements and annotations of the selected model
All annotations and measurements contained in the active representation (triangle or slice model)
of the current workspace are deleted.
INFO: The deleted measurements and annotations cannot be restored.
Reference: Show annotations
134

Measure point
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Shows the coordinates of a point selected on the model
This function shows the measurements of a selected point of the displayed model. You can
select the point with a simple mouse click on the desired position on the model.
After the selection, the coordinates of the point are shown in a label connected to the point.
HINT: With the function Annotation options, you can modify the method for selecting measuring
points (see Selection) as well as the visual appearance of the dimensioning (see Measures).
On the creation of a dimensioning, the current view settings (Zoom, Cross section, Rotation,
etc.) are saved together with the new element. The saved view settings of a dimensioning can
be restored by a double click on the text field of its label.
INFO: With this YSWIS ("You see what I see") concept, you can for example add measurements
to details inside the model, and save them in the VFX format. Then, a colleague or customer can
restore the model position of the imported VFX file with a simple double click on the
dimensioning. This enables the transfer of the corresponding context aside of mere information,
which is instrumental in the prevention of misinterpretations in terms of effective communication
support.
The generated dimensioning can be moved and edited at any time within the model view. At
this, the following interactions can be performed:
Move: You can activate the dimensioning by clicking on the label using the left mouse button,
and move the dimensioning label holding the mouse button pressed.
Tearing: Click on the type symbol on the left margin of the label using the left mouse button and
move the label holding the mouse button pressed.
135

VisCAM Help 4.0
The reference line is deviated at the previous position of the measurement label and it is linked
to the new position.
Edit: A click on the dimensioning label using the right mouse button opens a context menu
offering additional functions:
136
• Show element: The dimensioning is displayed or hidden.
• Edit element: With this function you can create or edit an additional text note for the
dimensioning. You can also call this function by a double click using the left mouse
button on the plus symbol on the right margin of the label, provided that a text note has
already been generated for this dimensioning.
• Assign view: The current view settings are assigned to the element. In doing so, the
prior view settings of this element are overwritten.
• Restore view: The view settings linked to the dimensioning are restored and applied. You
can call this function also via a double click using the left mouse button on the text field
of the label.
• Reset label: Resets a torn dimensioning back to its original position. This function can
also be conducted by a double click using the left mouse button on the type symbol on
the left margin of the label.
• Delete element: Deletes the generated measurement.
HINT: You can administer and structure the generated measurements and annotations with the
Annotation manager. Here you can group individual elements or assign the elements to different
scenes and layers, which can be displayed separately. Thus, it facilitates keeping the overview
over a multitude of measurement labels.
INFO: The dimensioning of points can be executed in all different model types (Facet, Slice).
Reference: Annotation manager, Annotation options

Measure distance
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Measures the distance between two points selected on the model
This function allows the dimensioning of the distance between two points of the displayed
model. You can select the points with a simple mouse click on the desired position on the model.
After the selection, the distance between the two points is shown in a label connected to a
dimension line.
The dimension line itself is shown between two reference lines that are connected each with one
of the two selected points. For the dimensioning of Slices, the reference lines are always
generated at a right angle to the xy-plane of the slice. Otherwise, the direction of the reference
lines is averaged from the two point normals.
HINT: With the function Annotation options, you can modify the method for selecting measuring
points (see Selection) as well as the visual appearance of the dimensioning (see Measures).
During the generation of the dimensioning, the current view settings (Zoom, Cross section,
Rotation, etc.) are saved together with the new element. The saved view settings of a
dimensioning can be restored by a double click on the text field of its label.
INFO: With this YSWIS ("You see what I see") concept, you can for example add measurements
to details inside the model, and save them in the VFX format. Then, a colleague or customer can
restore the model position of the imported VFX file with a simple double click on the
dimensioning. This enables the transfer of the corresponding context aside of mere information,
which is instrumental in the prevention of misinterpretations in terms of effective communication
support.
The generated dimensioning can be moved and edited at any time within the model view. At
this, the following interactions can be performed:
137

VisCAM Help 4.0
Move: You can activate the dimensioning by clicking on the label using the left mouse button,
and move the dimensioning label holding the mouse button pressed.
Tearing: Click on the type symbol on the left margin of the label using the left mouse button and
move the label holding the mouse button pressed.
The reference line is deviated at the previous position of the measurement label and it is linked
to the new position.
Edit: A click on the dimensioning label with the right mouse button opens a context menu
offering additional functions:
138
• Show element: The dimensioning is displayed or hidden.
• Edit element: With this function, you can create or edit an additional text note for the
dimensioning. You can also call this function by a double click with the left mouse
button on the plus symbol on the right margin of the label, provided that a text note has
already been generated for this dimensioning.

Measure distance
• Assign view: The current view settings are assigned to the element. In doing so, the
prior view settings of the element will be overwritten.
• Restore view: The view settings linked to the dimensioning are restored and applied. You
can call this function also via a double click using the left mouse button on the text field
of the label.
• Reset label: Resets a torn dimensioning back to its original position. This function can
also be conducted by a double click using the left mouse button on the type symbol on
the left margin of the label.
• Delete element: Deletes the generated measurement.
HINT: You can administer and structure the generated measurements and annotations with the
Annotation manager. Here you can group individual elements or assign the elements to different
scenes and layers, which can be displayed separately. Thus, it facilitates keeping the overview
over a multitude of measurement labels.
INFO: The dimensioning of points can be executed in all different model types (Facet, Slice).
Reference: Annotation manager, Annotation options
139

Measure angle
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Measures the angle between three points selected on the model
This function allows the dimensioning of the angle between three selected points of the
displayed model.
You can select the points with a simple mouse click on the desired positions on the model. At
this, the first point determines the vertex of the angle, whereas the two other points define the
sides of the measured angle.
After the selection of the points, the angle is displayed on a label placed on a circular arc
between the two angle sides. In addition, the two sides are displayed as lines connected with
each other.
HINT: With the function Annotation options, you can modify the method for selecting measuring
points (see Selection) as well as the visual appearance of the dimensioning (see Measures).
On the creation of the dimensioning, the current view settings (Zoom, Cross section, Rotation,
etc.) are saved together with the element. The saved view settings of a dimensioning can be
restored by a double click on the text field of the dimensioning label.
INFO: With this YSWIS ("You see what I see") concept, you can for example add measurements
to details inside the model, and save them in the VFX format. Then, a colleague or customer can
restore the model position of the imported VFX file with a simple double click on the
dimensioning. This enables the transfer of the corresponding context aside of mere information,
which is instrumental in the prevention of misinterpretations in terms of effective communication
support.
The generated dimensioning can be moved and edited at any time within the model view. At
this, the following interactions can be performed:
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Measure angle
Move: You can activate the dimensioning by clicking on the label using the left mouse button,
and move the dimensioning label holding the mouse button pressed.
The movement of the label causes a movement of the circular arc along the sides of the angle.
This way, you can vary the size of the circular arc.
Tearing: Click on the type symbol on the left margin of the label using the left mouse button and
move the label holding the mouse button pressed.
An additional reference line linking the circular arc to the new position of the label is generated.
Edit: A click on the dimensioning label using the right mouse button opens a context menu
offering additional functions:
• Show element: The dimensioning is displayed or hidden.
• Edit element: With this function, you can create or edit an additional text note for the
dimensioning. You can also call this function by a double click with the left mouse
button on the plus symbol on the right margin of the label, provided that a text note has
already been generated for this dimensioning.
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• Assign view: The current view settings are assigned to the element. In doing so, the
prior view settings of this element are overwritten.
• Restore view: The view settings linked to the dimensioning are restored and applied. You
can call this function also via a double click with the left mouse button on the text field
of the label.
• Reset label: Resets a torn dimensioning back to its original position. This function can
also be conducted by a double click with the left mouse button on the type symbol on
the left margin of the label.
• Delete element: Deletes the generated measurement.
HINT: You can administer and structure the generated measurements and annotations with the
Annotation manager. Here you can group individual elements or assign the elements to different
scenes and layers, which can be displayed separately. Thus, it facilitates keeping the overview
over a multitude of measurement labels.
INFO: The dimensioning of points can be executed in all different model types (Triangles, Slice).
Reference: Annotation manager, Annotation options

Measure radius
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Measures the radius of a circle defined by three points selected on the model
This function allows the dimensioning of the radius of a circle that is defined by three points of
the displayed model. You can select the points with a simple mouse click on the desired
positions on the model.
After the selection, the calculated circle running through the three selected points as well as the
center of the circle are shown. The radius is displayed on a label as the distance between the
center of the circle and one of the circle points. The label is connected to the dimension line.
The dimension line itself is shown between two reference lines that are connected with the
circle center and the circle point respectively. At this, the reference lines are always generated
vertical to the circle plane.
HINT: With the function Annotation options, you can modify the method for selecting measuring
points (see Selection) as well as the optical appearance of the dimensioning (see Measures).
On creation of the dimensioning, the current view settings (Zoom, Cross section , Rotation, etc.)
are saved together with the element. The saved view setting of a dimensioning can be restored
by a double click on the text field of its label.
INFO: With this YSWIS ("You see what I see") concept, you can for example add measurements
to details inside the model, and save them in the VFX format. Then, a colleague or customer can
restore the model position of the imported VFX file with a simple double click on the
dimensioning. This enables the transfer of the corresponding context aside of mere information,
which is instrumental in the prevention of misinterpretations in terms of effective communication
support.
The generated dimensioning can be moved and edited at any time in the model view. At this, the
following interactions can be performed:
Move: You can activate the dimensioning by clicking on the label using the left mouse button,
and move the dimensioning label holding the mouse button pressed.
Tearing: Click on the type symbol on the left margin of the label using the left mouse button and
move the label holding the mouse button pressed.
The reference line is deviated at the previous position of the measurement label and it is linked
to the new position.
Edit: A click on the dimensioning label using the right mouse button opens a context menu
offering additional functions:
• Show element: The dimensioning is displayed or hidden.
• Edit element: With this function, you can create or edit an additional text note for the
dimensioning. You can also call this function by a double click with the left mouse
button on the plus symbol on the right margin of the label, provided that a text note has
already been generated for this dimensioning.
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.
• Assign view: The current view settings are assigned to the element. In doing so, the
prior view settings are overwritten.
• Restore view: The view settings linked to the dimensioning are restored and applied. You
can call this function also via a double click with the left mouse button on the text field
of the label.
• Reset label: Resets a torn dimensioning back to its original position. This function can
also be conducted by a double click with the left mouse button on the type symbol on
the left margin of the label.
• Delete element: Deletes the generated measurement.
HINT: You can administer and structure the generated measurements and annotations with the
Annotation manager. Here you can group individual elements or assign the elements to different
scenes and layers, which can be displayed separately. Thus, it facilitates keeping the overview
over a multitude of measurement labels.
INFO: The dimensioning of points can be executed in all different model types (Triangles, Slice).
Reference: Annotation manager, Annotation options

Measure object
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Shows the measurements of an object in the current model representation
This function allows the measurement of the object dimensions alongside the coordinate axes in
the current model representation. An object dimensioning consists of a box around all of the
objects or all of the selected objects and dimension labels showing the dimensions of the box.
The dimensioning of the box consists of two reference lines and a dimension line on which the
distance is displayed in a label.
On the creation of the dimensioning, the current view settings (Zoom, Cross section, Rotation,
etc.) are saved together with the element. The saved view settings of a dimensioning can be
restored by a double click on the text field of the dimensioning label.
INFO: With this YSWIS ("You see what I see") concept, you can for example add measurements
to details inside the model, and save them in the VFX format. Then, a colleague or customer can
restore the model position of the imported VFX file with a simple double click on the
dimensioning. This enables the transfer of the corresponding context aside of mere information,
which is instrumental in the prevention of misinterpretations in terms of effective communication
support.
The dimensioning generated with the function Measure object can be moved and edited at any
time within the model view. At this, the following interactions can be performed:
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Move: You can activate the dimensioning by clicking on the label using the left mouse button,
and move the dimensioning label holding the mouse button pressed.
Tearing: Click on the type symbol on the left margin of the label using the left mouse button and
move the label holding the mouse button pressed.
An additional reference line linking the dimension line to the new position of the label is
generated.
Edit: A click on the dimensioning label using the right mouse button opens a context menu
offering additional functions:
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• Show element: The dimensioning is displayed or hidden.
• Edit element: With this function, you can create or edit an additional text note for the
dimensioning. You can also call this function by a double click with the left mouse
button on the plus symbol on the right margin of the label, provided that a text note has
already been generated for this dimensioning.

Measure object
• Assign view: The current view settings are assigned to the element and saved. In doing
so, the prior view settings of this element are overwritten.
• Restore view: The view settings linked to the dimensioning are restored and applied. You
can call this function also via a double click with the left mouse button on the text field
of the label.
• Reset label: Resets a torn dimensioning back to its original position. This function can
also be conducted by a double click with the left mouse button on the type symbol on
the left margin of the label.
• Delete element: Deletes the generated measurement.
HINT: You can administer and structure the generated measurements and annotations with the
Annotation manager. Here you can group individual elements or assign the elements to different
scenes and layers, which can be displayed separately. Thus, it facilitates keeping the overview
over a multitude of measurement labels.
INFO: The dimensioning of objects can be executed in all different model types (Facet, Slice).
Reference: Annotation manager, Mark shells
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Annotate spot
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Allows the annotation of a spot in the current model representation
This function allows the annotation of a selected spot of the displayed model. You can select the
spot with a simple mouse click on the desired position on the model.
After the selection, the text of the annotation of the spot is shown in a label connected to the
spot, and a dialog for editing this element is opened.
HINT: With the function Annotation options, you can modify the method for selecting spots (see
Selection) as well as the visual appearance of the dimensioning (see Measures).
On the creation of an annotation, the current view settings (Zoom, Cross section, Rotation, etc.)
are saved together with the new element. The saved view settings of an annotation can be
restored by a double click on the text field of its label.
INFO: With this YSWIS ("You see what I see") concept, you can for example add annotations to
details inside the model, and save them in the VFX format. Then, the model position of the
imported VFX file can be restored for the annotation at a colleague's or a customer's PC. This
enables the transfer of the corresponding context aside of mere information, which is
instrumental in the prevention of misinterpretations in terms of effective communication support
The generated annotation can be moved and edited at any time within the model view. At this,
the following interactions can be performed:
Move: You can activate the annotation by clicking on the label using the left mouse button, and
move the annotation label holding the mouse button pressed.
Tearing: Click on the type symbol on the left margin of the label using the left mouse button and
move the label to the new position holding the mouse button pressed.
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Annotate spot
For tearing, the reference line is deviated at the previous position of the label and linked to the
new position of the label.
Edit: A click on the label using the right mouse button opens a context menu offering additional
functions:
• Show element: The annotation is displayed or hidden.
• Edit element: With this function, you can create or edit an additional text note for the
annotation. You can also call this function by a double click with the left mouse button
on the plus symbol on the right margin of the label, provided that a text note has already
been generated for this annotation.
• Assign view: The current view settings of the annotation are assigned to the element
and saved. In doing so, the prior view settings of this element are overwritten.
• Restore view: The view settings linked to the annotation are restored and applied. You
can call this function also via a double click with the left mouse button on the text field
of the label.
• Reset label: Resets a torn annotation back to its original position. This function can also
be conducted by a double click with the left mouse button on the type symbol on the left
margin of the label.
• Delete element: Deletes the generated annotation.
HINT: You can administer and structure the generated measurements and annotations with the
Annotation manager. Here you can group individual elements or assign the elements to different
scenes and layers, which can be displayed separately. Thus, it facilitates keeping the overview
over a multitude of measurement labels.
INFO: The annotation of spots can be executed in all different parts (Triangles, Slice).
Reference: Annotation manager, Annotation options
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Annotate object
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Shows detailed information about the selected object in the current model representation
This function allows the annotation of a selected object in the current model representation.
An object annotation consists of a box around all of the objects or all of the selected objects and
an information label. The information contained in the label depend on the current model
representation:
In the facet part, information about the number of triangles, the unmatched edges, the volume
and the surface area are shown.
In the slice part, information about the number of slices, the slice thickness, the volume and the
contour area are displayed.
On the creation of an annotation, the current view settings (Zoom, Cross section, Rotation, etc.)
are linked to the new element and saved together with it. You can restore the saved view
settings later on by the selection of the function "Restore view" in the context menu.
INFO: With this YSWIS ("You see what I see") concept, you can for example add annotations to
details inside the model, and save them in the VFX format. Then, the model position of the
imported VFX file can be restored for the annotation at a colleague's or a customer's PC. This
enables the transfer of the corresponding context aside of mere information, which is
instrumental in the prevention of misinterpretations in terms of effective communication support.
The generated annotation can be moved and edited at any time within the model view. At this,
the following interactions can be performed:
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Annotate object
Tearing: Click on the type symbol on the left margin of the label using the left mouse button and
move the label to the new position holding the mouse button pressed.
For tearing, a reference line attaching the label to the box around the selected object is
generated. By moving the annotation label over another corner of the box the reference line can
be attached to this corner.
Edit: A click on the label using the right mouse button opens a context menu offering additional
functions:
• Show element: The annotation is displayed or hidden.
• Edit element: With this function, you can create or edit an additional text note for the
annotation. You can also call this function by a double click with the left mouse button
on the plus symbol on the right margin of the label, provided that a text note has already
been generated for this annotation.
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• Assign view: The current view settings of the annotation are assigned to the element
and saved. In doing so, the prior view settings of this element are overwritten.
• Restore view: The view settings linked to the annotation are restored and applied.
• Reset label: Resets a torn annotation back to its original position. This function can also
be conducted by a double click with the left mouse button on the type symbol on the left
margin of the label.
• Delete element: Deletes the generated annotation.
HINT: You can administer and structure the generated measurements and annotations with the
Annotation manager. Here you can group individual elements or assign the elements to different
scenes and layers, which can be displayed separately. Thus, it facilitates keeping the overview
over a multitude of measurement labels.
INFO: The annotation of spots can be executed in all different parts (Facet and Slice).
Reference: Annotation manager, Mark shells

Annotate model
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Shows a tab page with detailed information about the entire model
The annotation of the model in the active representation contains information about the model.
The information contained in the label depend on the current model representation:
In the Facet part, information about the number of objects, the number of triangles, the
unmatched edges, the volume, the surface area and the surrounding box are shown.
In the Slice part, information about the number of objects, the number of slices, the slice
thickness, the volume, the contour area and the surrounding box are displayed.
The Annotation manager inserts the generated annotation element into the active level of the
active scene.
You can move the annotation element by clicking on it and moving it with your mouse.
A plus symbol in the upper right corner of the label indicates that a text note has been generated
for this annotation.
A click on the label using the right mouse button opens a context menu offering additional
functions for this annotation element:
Show element: The annotation is displayed or hidden.
Edit element: With this function, you can create or edit an additional text note
for the annotation. You can also call this function by a double click with the
left mouse button on the plus symbol in the right corner of the label, provided
that a text note has already been generated for this annotation.
Assign view: Each element saves the view settings (e.g. zoom and rotation)
and the element position as they were at its generation. Using this function,
the saved settings can be replaced by the current values. In doing so, the
prior view settings of this element are overwritten.
Restore view: The position and view settings linked to the annotation are restored and applied.
You can also call this function with a double click on the label.
Delete element: Deletes the marked element.
HINT: By calling the view settings saved with the annotation element, a suitable view position
for the element can be arranged fast and easily.
Reference: Annotation manager
153

Add note
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Inserts a notice icon including the respective text note into the model view
A note is added to a position to be chosen by the user within the active representation.
A notice icon is used as a link to textual information saved within the note annotation, without
displaying the text directly.
The Annotation manager inserts the created notice icon in the active layer of the active scene.
You can relocate the annotation element by clicking and dragging the label (including the icon).
By clicking on the label with the right mouse button a context menu is displayed. You can
choose between different functions:
Show element: The marked element is displayed or hidden.
Edit element: With this function, you can edit the text of the label and the text message of the
annotation. You can access this function by double clicking the icon.
Assign view: The current view settings of the annotation are assigned to the annotation and
saved. Every element stores the view settings (e.g. zoom and rotation) and element position that
were active when the element was generated. Using this function the saved values are replaced
by the current ones.
Restore view: The view settings linked to the annotation are restored and applied. You can
access this function using a double click on the text area of the label
Delete element: Deletes the marked note.
HINT: By recalling the view that is saved within the annotation element, a view that fits to the
element can be set.
Reference: Annotation manager
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Add text
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Shows any user-defined text directly in the model representation
A text annotation is inserted into the current model representation on a position chosen by the
user.
A text annotation serves to display text information immediately.
The Annotation manager inserts the created text annotation element in the active layer of the
active scene.
You can relocate the text annotation by clicking and dragging the label.
By clicking on the label with the right mouse button a context menu is displayed. You can
choose between different functions:
Show element: The marked element is displayed or hidden.
Edit element: With this function, you can edit the text annotation. You can access this function
by a double click on the label.
Assign view: The current view settings of the annotation are assigned to the element and saved.
Every element stores the view settings (e.g. zoom and rotation) and element position that were
active when the element was generated. Using this function you can replace the saved values
with the current ones.
Restore view: The view settings linked to the annotation are restored and applied. You can
access this function using a double click on the label.
Delete element: Deletes the marked element.
HINT: By recalling the view that is saved within the annotation element, a view that fits to the
element can be set.
Reference: Annotation manager
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Draw freehand
Menu: Annotation Icon: No short cut
Allows freehand drawing of a line in the model representation (red-lining)
A freehand drawing consist of a line that is drawn by the user within the active representation.
The line is connected to an information label by a reference line.
The Annotation manager inserts the created freehand drawing element in the active layer of the
active scene.
You can relocate the label by clicking and dragging the type symbol on the left side. The
connection point of the reference line is not changed. After the generation of the freehand
drawing, the label is at first connected to the starting point of the drawing line. By moving the
label across the desired new connection point of the line, the connection point can be changed.
Clicking and dragging the text area of the label results in a translation of all parts the text area
consists of, including the connection line.
By clicking on the label with the right mouse button a context menu is displayed. You can
choose between different functions:
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Show element: The marked element is displayed or hidden.
Draw freehand
Edit element: With this function, you can create or edit an additional text note for the
annotation. You can access this function by a double click on the plus symbol on the right end
of the label, if a text message has already been applied.
Assign view: The current view settings of the annotation are assigned to the element and saved.
Every element stores the view settings (e.g. zoom and rotation) and element position that were
active when the element was generated. Using this function you can replace the saved values
with the current ones.
Restore view: The view settings linked to the annotation are restored and applied. You can
access this function using a double click on the text area of the label.
Reset label: Resets the label to the connection point on the drawing line. This function can also
be accessed by double clicking the type symbol on the left end of the label.
Delete element: Deletes the marked element.
HINT: By recalling the view that is saved within the annotation element, a view that fits to the
element can be set.
Reference: Annotation manager
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Facets menu
Contains functions for handling triangle parts
Match edges
Matches all unmatched triangle edges within a defined tolerance
Fill holes
Fills all holes on the surface of the model with triangles
Stitch triangles
Inserts a triangle in between three previously unconnected points
Adjust triangles
Consistently aligns the orientation of the triangles of a model
Turn triangles
Turns the orientation of all triangles of the model
Solve overlaps
Solves planar overlapping Triangles within a part
Solve intersections
Solves intersecting triangles situations within a part
Manage objects
Contains different functions for working with objects in the mesh
Unify solids
This function unifies the selected objects to one object
Adjust mesh
Contains different functions for adjusting the mesh
Modify colors
Contains different functions for manipulating the coloring of the mesh
Create 3D-Text
Contains functions to create, attach and merge a 3D-Text
Create 3D-Bitmap
Contains functions to create, attach and merge a 3D-Bitmap
Create base solid
Creates base solid bodies
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Align objects
Aligns an object within the workspace
Offset model
Offsets a model or surface
Extrude
Extrudes selected surfaces or selected triangles
Facets menu
Booleans
Provides the three Boolean operations union, intersection and subtraction for triangle models
Trim and cut
Allows trimming and cutting of triangle models
Hollow model
This function generates a hollow-model from a solid model
Split model
Allows the cutting of triangle models alongside a defined cutting plane
Manipulate holes
Contains functions for the selection and the manipulation of individual holes in the triangle mesh
of the model
Manipulate triangles
Contains functions for the selection and manipulation of individual triangles of the model
Manipulate surfaces
Contains functions for the selection and manipulation of individual surfaces of the model
Manipulate shells
Contains functions for the selection and manipulation of individual shells of the model
Reference:
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Match edges
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Matches all unmatched triangle edges within a defined tolerance
The surface description (as well as the volume description) of a model is incomplete as long as
the triangle mesh contains unmatched edges. An unmatched edge means that at this point, the
reference link between one triangle and the neighboring triangle is missing. By matching such
edges the triangle mesh becomes self contained and a useable model is generated.
In order to match an unmatched edge, a second unmatched edge is searched for within a
predefined distance. This distance is referred to as (matching) tolerance.
For matching, both edges are displaced so that they become congruent with each other. This
causes small deviations in the triangle mesh from the original geometry. Therefore, the matching
tolerance should not be set too high.
HINT: The default values are based on the experience of many years. Normally, they do not need
to be adjusted. It is recommended to use the function Fill holes if there are still some unmatched
edges left.
Dialog Match edges
User Tolerance
Start matching: Start tolerance that is used in the first step to
find a suitable neighboring edge.
End matching: Maximum tolerance. The start tolerance is
increased stepwise up to the maximum value.
Increment: This value is added iteratively to the tolerance value
until a neighboring edge is found.
Matching parameters
Use only start tolerance: Only one matching pass is
implemented. The defined start tolerance is used.
Use only system tolerance: Only one matching pass is
implemented. The tolerance value is defined automatically (1/10 of the length of the shortest
edge of the model).
Reference: Fill holes
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Fill holes
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Fills all holes on the surface of the model with triangles
Using this function you can automatically close holes or missing surfaces within the triangle
mesh of the model. For this, you can select different filling methods.
Newly-created triangles are initially selected. Therefore the system switches to the mode
Manipulate Triangles when the filling process is completed. The new triangles can be removed
using Delete Marked, if the filling operation did not yield a satisfying result. Otherwise the
triangles will be accepted when the mode Manipulate Triangles is deactivated or another mode is
selected (i.e. Manipulate holes).
HINT: The shape and complexity of a hole has an impact on the result of the different filling
methods. By inserting or deleting individual triangles you may modify the shape of certain holes,
leading to better results in hole filling.
Dialog Fill options
Fill method
Only planar holes: Only those holes are processed that lie in a plane (see plane tolerance).
Simple Triangulation: The hole will be filled by connecting its edge points alternating. This way
the hole is filled with a simple zigzag filling.
HINT: The shape of a hole will not be considered and even not always used. Particularly on
concave areas and irregular curvature this method may produce defective or overlapping
triangles. On the other hand this method may show the best result compared to the other
methods, if curvatures are more regular and the hole is convex.
Advanced Triangulation: This method first subdivides a hole in sub regions which are more or
less planar (see plane tolerance). These regions will then be separately filled. The result of the
subdivision is ambiguous if the hole is not planar. That means the resulting surface may be
concave or convex. If this method does not provide the desired result you may try another
method or modify the shape of the hole by inserting or deleting bordering triangles manually.
HINT: A complex hole can be subdivided manually by inserting (stitch triangles) certain triangles
(creating a bridge). In this way ambiguous situations can be resolved easily.
INFO: The Advanced Triangulation should be the default method to fill any kind of holes. In only
a few certain cases one of the other methods may provide a better result.
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Fill parameters
Plane tolerance: This is the tolerance of deviation for the verification of planarity of an hole or an
hole area. The tolerance has no effect on the method Simple Triangulation.
Minimum surface: When using the method Advanced Triangulation this parameter gives the
minimum surface area of a planar sub region. That means the subdivision process will stop when
a resulting sub region would be too small.
Reference: Manipulate holes, Stitch triangles
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Stitch triangles
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Inserts a triangle in between three previously unconnected points
Using this function you can stitch a triangle by selecting three unconnected points. An already
selected point is deselected when you click on it again. Two of the points remain selected, after
the generation of the triangle, so you can stitch another triangle by simply selecting another
point.
HINT: Activate the display options Flipped triangles and Show unmatched edges to facilitate the
stitching of triangles.
Example
Initial situation
Initial situation
All unconnected points are displayed in red and they can be selected by a mouse click. The
cursor indicates that the first point of the new triangle can be selected.
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First point selected
164
First point selected
The first point is selected and marked. The cursor indicates that a second point can be selected
now.

Second point selected
Second point selected
Stitch triangles
Two points are already selected. The cursor indicates that the third point of the new triangle can
be selected now.
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Triangle stitched
166
Triangle stitched
A third point has been selected and the triangle is inserted. Two points of the new triangle
remain marked and the cursor indicates that another third point can be selected, whereby
another triangle is defined.
Reference: Flipped triangles, Show unmatched edges

Adjust triangles
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Consistently aligns the orientation of the triangles of a model
It is necessary that all triangles have a proper orientation to obtain a correct geometrical
description of a part. The function Flipped triangles may help to validate these properties. The
triangles are orientated automatically. All selected shells are affected. If no shells are selected,
all shells in a workspace are processed.
HINT: An incorrect result of the orientation may indicate a defective geometry. This may be
caused by holes, unmatched edges or self-intersection of the surface.
Reference: Turn triangles
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Turn triangles
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Turns the orientation of all triangles of the model
The triangles are flipped in a way letting their normals point into the opposite direction.
Reference: Flipped triangles
168

Solve overlaps
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Solves planar overlapping Triangles within a part
This function examines every triangle for an existing overlap situation with another triangle in a
part. In such cases either the triangle will be removed or the triangle will be trimmed by means
of the overlapping region. Thus overlaps in the part will be removed but it is possible that small
holes or gaps remain.
Dialog Solve overlaps
Approach
If the approach “Solve overlapping” is selected the relevant
triangles will be trimmed or removed automatically.
If the approach “Delete overlapping” is selected all detected
overlapping triangles will be removed from the part.
Planar tolerance
This value defines the maximal planar distance in mm.
planar angle
This value defines the maximal angle (in degree) of two
planes to be considered as coplanar.
Reference:
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Solve intersections
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Solves intersecting triangles situations within a part
This function checks triangles for interpenetrative situations in a part. If such intersections exit
the relevant triangles will be trimmed and the part will be divided along the trimmed edges into
several parts. Hereupon the parts will be classified as inside or outside of the entire part. Inside
classified part will be removed and remaining parts will be recomposed to one part.
Reference:
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Manage objects
Menu: Facets
Contains different functions for working with objects in the mesh
Count objects
Counts the number of objects the model can be divided into, depending
on the defined parameters
Demerge objects
Separates the model into shells depending on the defined parameters
Merge objects
This function merges the selected objects to one object.
Reference: Menu Facets
171

Count objects
Menu: Manage objects Icon: No short cut
Counts the number of objects the model can be divided into, depending on the defined
parameters
The possible number of objects is calculated without actually splitting the model. With the help
of this function you can test splitting parameters and their effects prior to really splitting the
model. The result of this function is displayed in the status line of the program.
Demerge options
Count demergable shells
The shells of the model are identified. There is no geometric connection between the shells of
the model, but they may be in contact or even intersect.
Count demergable colour areas
The model will be split depending on its colours. Every shell will only have one colour.
Depending on the colours of the model, closed shells or unmatched surface fragments will be
generated.
Count demergable surfaces
The model will be split into single surfaces. The parameters used for detecting the surface can
be adjusted using Define surfaces.
Reference: Demerge objects, Merge objects
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Demerge objects
Menu: Manage objects Icon: No short cut
Separates the model into shells depending on the defined parameters
The model is split into shells that can be edited separately.
Dialog Demerge options
Split model into shells
The shells of the model are identified. There is no geometrical connection between the shells of
the model, but they may be in contact or even intersect.
Split model into colour areas
The model is split depending on its colours. Every shell has only one colour. Depending on the
colours of the model, closed shells or unmatched surface fragments are generated.
Split model into surfaces
The model is split into single surfaces. The parameters used for detecting the surface can be
adjusted using Define surfaces.
Object parameters
Keep model context for objects: If you keep the model context, the generated shells become
sub-objects of the model. Alternatively every shell becomes a separate model.
Reference: Count objects, Merge objects
173

Merge objects
Menu: Manage objects Icon: No short cut
This function merges the selected objects to one object.
See also: Demerge objects .
Reference: Demerge objects, Count objects
174

Unify solids
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
This function unifies the selected objects to one object.
This function unifies the selected objects to one object. Intersections between the objects will
be resolved by Boolean Operation. The Boolean operation needs closed watertight solids.
Therefore it is recommended to repair the objects
beforehand if necessary.
Reference: Fill holes, Match edges, Booleans
If more than two solids are unified several Boolean
operations may be necessary where the result of
one operation will become the input for another. In
this case a small (probably not noticed) geometric
error within an initial solid may result in a faulty
overall result.
The option Apply auto fixing can avoid this effect
by repairing the result of a Boolean operation
automatically before it is used by another
operation.
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Adjust mesh
Menu: Facets
Contains different functions for adjusting the mesh
Filter triangles
Filters degenerated triangles from the triangle mesh
Smooth triangles
Smoothes the triangle mesh and reduces interferences
Reduce triangles
Reduces the number of triangles in the model
Reference: Menu Facets
176

Filter triangles
Menu: Adjust mesh Icon: No short cut
Filters degenerated triangles from the triangle mesh
This function searches for degenerated triangles and removes them from the triangle mesh. In
order to keep interference with the triangle mesh low, only triangles within a defined tolerance
are taken into account. You can define via the filter criteria, which of the triangles are
considered as degenerated.
Dialog Filter triangles
Filter criteria
The following options determine when a triangle is considered as degenerated.
Inwards angle less than: If one of the inwards angles of the triangle is lesser than the defined
angle in degrees.
Surface area less than: If the surface area of a triangle is smaller than the defined value in mm 2 .
Edge length less than: If the length of a triangle edge is lesser than the defined value in mm.
Tolerances
The tolerances determine how much the triangle mesh may be changed.
Maximum angle deviation: Defines the maximum angle in-between the triangle that is to be
removed and its neighbors. The triangle is only deleted if this angle is lesser than the defined
maximum value.
Number of calculation passes: The changes in the geometry of the triangle mesh that occur
during one filter pass may produce additional triangles that lie within the defined tolerance. In
order to filter these new triangles as well, several calculation passes are required.
Reference:
177

Smooth triangles
Menu: Adjust mesh Icon: No short cut
Smoothes the triangle mesh and reduces interferences
This is especially useful for the removal of noise and defects from Scan data as well as for the
smoothing of organic models. In case of technical CAD data, which has usually intended sharp
edges, these edges will also be rounded, if the smoothing values are too high. Consequently,
smaller values should be used as well as the maximum angle deviation should be defined for
technical CAD data in principle.
The smoothing function systematically displaces individual triangle points in order to smooth the
triangle mesh. This displacement depends on the adjacent triangles as well as on the selected
smoothing factor.
A smoothing pass displaces only single points depending on their surrounding area. The impact
of this displacement on the neighboring points will then be included in the following smoothing
passes.
The quality of the smoothing depends on the resolution as well as on the structure of the
triangle mesh. Basically, a higher resolution and a uniform triangle structure produce a better
smoothing result. If the surface resolution is very rough or if the triangle mesh contains many
very small or longish triangles, it is recommended to implement a subdivision of the existing
triangles previous to smoothing.
HINT: In order to enhance the smoothing effect, it is recommended not to set the smoothing
factor too high, but to vary the number of smoothing passes instead
INFO: If individual solids or surfaces are marked, the smoothing function is only applied to the
selected objects.
Dialog Smooth triangles
Preset for data type
Different presets for the differentiation of scan and CAD data can be selected here. This allows
an independent definition and application of standard parameters.
Smoothing factor
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Smooth triangles
The smoothing factor determines the maximum distance that an individual point can be moved.
In turn, this also determines how much the measurement or the volume of the model can be
modified.
Smoothing passes
The smoothing passes determine how often the smoothing function is applied to the surface of
the model. A larger number of passes results in smoother transitions between points and edges.
Subdivisions per triangle
The parameter subdivisions per triangle divides of the triangles of the model prior to the
application of the smoothing function. Subdivision simply divides each triangle into three smaller
triangles, so the number of triangles is tripled with each subdivision pass.
Angle deviation
Particularly with regard to CAD data, sharp edges shall be sustained in the majority of cases.
The two parameters Minimum angle deviation and Maximum angle deviation allow therefore
control of the smoothing in dependence of the angle. If the angle control is enabled, a triangle
point is only displaced when all adjacent triangles are within the defined angle range.
Reference: Mark surfaces, Mark shells
179

Reduce triangles
Menu: Adjust mesh Icon: No short cut
Reduces the number of triangles in the model
This function analyses the triangle mesh and removes redundant triangles (e.g. on curved
surfaces with a resolution that is too high). Only those triangles are removed that are within the
defined tolerance.
Dialog Reduce triangles
Tolerances
The following specifications define whether a triangle is removed.
Reduction accuracy: Maximum deviation of the resulting surface from the original surface.
Maximum angle deviation: Maximum angle between two neighboring triangle edges.
Number of calculation passes: Defines how often the optimisation is carried out.
Reference: Filter triangles
180

Modify colors
Menu: Facets
Contains different functions for manipulating the coloring of the mesh
Define color
Changes the color of the marked objects
Select color
Assigns to the marked triangles a color selected interactively on the model
Mark color areas
Marks all areas of the same color
Set transparency
Allows to assign a transparency value to the active model
Reference: Menu Facets
181

Define color
Menu: Modify colors Icon: No short cut
Changes the colour of the marked objects
This function opens the standard windows dialog for selecting a color value. If no object is
marked, the selected color is applied to all parts. Otherwise the color is applied to the marked
objects. You can mark complete models, shells, surfaces or single facets.
Reference: Select color
182

Select color
Menu: Modify colors Icon: No short cut
Assigns to the marked triangles a color selected interactively on the model
Using this function, you can adopt the color from a selected object for the models, surfaces or
triangles you have marked. In order to adopt the color from an object, simply click onto the
object which color you want to adopt for the marked objects.
Reference: Define color
183

Mark color areas
Menu: Modify colors Icon: No short cut
Marks all areas of the same color
By clicking on a color area, all areas of the same color are extracted into separate objects and
marked subsequently. Using Merge objects you can remerge the extracted shells.
HINT: Use this function to edit all areas of a certain color simultaneously, for example if you
want to replace one color of the model by another.
Reference: Merge objects
184

Set transparency
Menu: Modify colors No icon No short cut
Allows to assign a transparency value to the active model
Using this function, you can set a transparency value for the active model. To do this a slider
will be displayed, where you can change the transparency level interactively.
Reference:
185

Create 3D-Text
Menu: Facets
Contains functions to create, attach and merge a 3D-Text
Attach text
Offers selection of an attachment plane and definition of object size.
Define text
Dialog to define a text and setup of the desired font, text-size and appearance of the 3D-Text.
Merge text
Merges a 3D-Text with the selected part of the model.
Reference: Menu Facets
186

Attach text
Menu: Create 3D-Text Icon: No short cut
Selection of attach plane and definition of text size.
The plane to which the 3D-Text should be attached can be selected by clicking on it with the
left mouse button. Thereupon the selected plane is centered and rotated vertical to the view.
Model after clicking the desired plane
Use the mouse to drag a rectangle over an arbitrary plane. The rectangle defines position and
size of the 3D-Text. To drag a rectangle simply press left mouse button and move mouse until
desiered rectangle is achieved. Releasing the left button finishes rectangle dragging
Dragging a rectangle
After releasing the left mouse button the application will change into the "Define text" - modus
automatically.
Reference:
187

Define Text
Menu: Create 3D-Text Icon: No short cut
Dialog to enter a text, font selection and setup of appearance.
Dialog Define 3D-Text
Text-Settings
The text in the field under Enter text is calculated to a 3D-Text.
By clicking the button next to the Font area the font dialog is opened and the desired font can be
selected. The text field displays the name of the currently selected font.
The Preview text field contains a sample of the currently selected font. It also takes the selected
color, underlined- and striked out option of the font dialog into account.
Attach Method
If Planar is selected the3D-text will be created parallel to the attaching plane with the defined
depth.
If Projection is selected the3D-text will be created as parallel projection from the attaching plane
on to the part. The Text will run of the surface with the defined depth.
Appearance of solid
If the option Embedded is active, the 3D-Text will be embedded into the attachment body. Is the
option Outstanding active, the 3D-Text will appear outstanding of the attachment body.
If the option "Create Proportional" is active, the created 3D-Text keeps its natural proportions.
Otherwise the writing will be fitted into the defined area exactly.
Dimension of solid
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define text
Width and Height of the body are determined by the area in which the user places the 3D-Text
but can be altered here. The depth is arbitrary and defines how much the 3D-Text outstands the
attachment body (Option Outstanding selected) or is embedded into it (Option Embedded).
Reference:
189

Merge text
Menu: Create 3D-Text Icon: No short cut
This function merges a previously created 3D-Text with its attachment body.
After using this function it is not possible to change the created 3D-Text.
Reference:
190

Create 3D-Bitmap
Menu: Facets
Contains functions to create, attach and merge a 3D-Bitmap
Attach bitmap
Allows selection of a merging plane and definition of the object size.
Define bitmap
A dialog allows the input of a desired text, selection of the front properties and a rework of the
object size.
Merge bitmap
Allows the merging of a newly created 3D bitmap with the model.
Reference: Menu Facets
191

Attach bitmap
Menu: Create 3D-Bitmap Icon: No short cut
Selection of the merging plane.
After activating this functionality it is possible to select the target plane for the 3D writing with
the left mouse button. Thereupon the selected plane is centered and rotated upright to the view.
Model after clicking the desired plane
To define the target area for the 3D writing drag a rectangle with the mouse over an arbitrary
plane. The rectangle defines the position and size of the bitmap. To drag the rectangle simply
hold the left mouse button down and move the mouse until the desired area is framed. Releasing
the left mouse button finishes the task.
Dragging a rectangle
When the rectangle is finished, the function "Define bitmap" is activated automatically.
Reference:
192

Define bitmap
Menu: Create 3D-Bitmap Icon: No short cut
Dialog for selecting a bitmap as well as preparation of body creation
Dialog Create 3D-Bitmap
The dialog contains a tabulator with three tab pages. The pages reflect the process that is
necessary to create a 3D body from a bitmap.
Step 1: Pattern selection
In the first step the desired bitmap is selected.
Image properties
Contains information about the loaded image. Listed are "Width (X)", "Height (Y)" and the
"Number of colours".
Dimension of solid
The details refer to the result. The "Width (X)" and "Height (Y)" result from the rectangle that
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was dragged before this dialog was opened. The "Depth (Z)" is not determined automatically but
contains the last used value.
Attach Method
If Planar is selected the3D-text will be created parallel to the attaching plane with the defined
depth.
If Projection is selected the3D-text will be created as parallel projection from the attaching plane
on to the part. The Text will run of the surface with the defined depth.
Appearance of solid
It is possible to create the body embedded into or outstanding of the model. If the option
"Create proportional" activated, the aspect ratio of the bitmap is hold up in the result. Otherwise
the created body is fit into the dragged rectangle.
Select image
By clicking the button "Select image" a dialog to select a bitmap is opened. It is possible to open
"*.bmp" and "*.tiff" images.
INFO: After the image is opened, the number of colours is reduced to 32 automatically for the
second tab page.
Step 2: Colour selection
The page "Colour selection" controls how objects are extracted from the pattern bitmap and
which colours belong to the background and which to the foreground. The displayed image does
not necessarily correlate to the pattern, it may be colour reduced.
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Define_bitmap
Creation method
It can be selected if the objects should be created regards to a binary image or the colour image.
If the option "Create by binary image" is active, all pixels of the image that are assigned to the
foreground are set in the binary image. Connected areas in the resulting binary image are
combined to one body.
If the option "Create by palette image" is active, distinct coloured areas result in different body.
The different to creation by binary image is that connected parts of the image with different
colour values result in different body in the result. In the example above "Create by binary
image" would create one big rectangle while "Create by palette image" would produce 18
rectangles with corresponding colours.
HINT: Which creation method is to prefer depends on the pattern image. If the image contains
different colours in an area that should appear as one body, "Create by binary image" might
produce better results.
Binary settings
This settings are only active if "Create by binary image" is activated.
If the option "Show binary image" is active, the image display does not show the colour reduced
pattern but the binary image. In this way it can be overseen directly which parts of the pattern
image will result in 3D objects. Black parts in the binary image belong to the object space, white
parts belong to the background.
With "By background colours" and "By foreground colours" it can be controlled how the object
space is defined. If "By background colours" is selected all pixels are set in the binary image
which colours are not selected into the background colour list. if on the other hand "By
foreground colours" is selected, all pixels in the binary image are set which colour is selected
into the foreground list.
By activating "Invert colours" the binary image is inverted.
Colour palette
With the settings in this area it is possible to set background and foreground colours. In the left
part all colours contained in the colour reduced image are listed. By the arrow keys colours can
be pushed into the foreground or the background list. For example to push a colour into the
foreground list, the desired colour must be selected in the left palette by the left mouse button.
The colour is moved then by pressing the upper arrow key.
The button "Redefine colours" it is possible to change a contained colour or to add a new one.
To change a contained colour selected it in the main palette and press "Redefine colours".
Thereupon appears a colour dialog where the desired colour value can be selected. If no colour
was selected before pressing the button, a new colour is added to the main palette. This colour
is then available in step 3 to change the colour of objects.
The button "Reduce colours" reduces the colours in the image to that one which are selected
into the foreground or the background palette. A colour value that is not selected into one of
those lists is changed to the nearest colour in one of the lists. This is a very useful function if
despite automatically colour reduction too many colours remained in the image. This might result
particularly through anti-aliasing.
HINT: With highly noised images it is useful to reduce the number of colours to two, one
background and one foreground colour. If the image contains object pixels which are nearer to a
background colour than to a foreground colour it might by helpful not to select the object colour
as foreground colour but a colour which is nearer to the selected background colour. This way
many object pixels that would be assigned to the background might end up in the object space.
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The button "Original colours" resets the colours in the image to the values after loading the
image. The automatic colour reduction is performed again.
Step 3: Object preview
Once the Object preview is shown all objects are extracted from the image that will be
transformed into 3D objects.
HINT: The displayed objects can be selected directly with the mouse. To select an object its
shape must be clicked on with the left mouse button. Alternatively it is possible to drag a
rectangle over the objects. All objects inside the rectangle will be selected.
View
It is possible to select between ’Show single object’ and ‘Show all objects’. By the former
selection only one object is shown at a time, by the latter selection all objects are displayed. If
an object is selected, it is bordered by a line, it is possible to select an arbitrary number of
objects.
Navigate
With the arrow keys the object selection can be changed. The inner buttons select the previous /
next object, the outer buttons select the first / last object.
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Define_bitmap
Object selection
The selection of objects can be changed here. The button "ALL" selects all objects, "Unselect"
unselects all objects. The button "Delete" deletes all selected objects, the button "Undo" undoes
object deletion.
Info: The "Undo" button only undoes the deletion of objects. It does not undo the impact of
colour- or object selection.
Assign colours
With the colour palette it is possible to select a new colour for an object. If a colour entry in the
palette is selected, all selected objects receive the selected colour.
Recalculate
By pressing the button "Recalculate" forces a recalculation of all objects according to the current
configuration.
Info: The objects are also recalculated if changes are performed on page one or two.
General options:
Some options appear on all three tab pages and have always the same function.
Zoomlevel
The zoom buttons control the size of the displayed image. The +/- buttons allow zooming into
or out of the image. The button containing the "R" resets the image size to 100%.
Create preview
This option controls if after finishing the dialog by "OK" a preview body is created. If the option
is not checked, the newly created body will be attached to the model instantly.
Reference:
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Merge bitmap
Menu: Create 3D-Bitmap Icon: No short cut
This function attaches a 3D body created by the "Define bitmap" function with the model.
After using this function it is not possible to change the created 3D-Bitmap.
Reference:
198

Create base solid
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Creates base solid bodies
With this tool you are able to great seven geometric base solids.
Dialog create base solids
Box
To create a box you need to specify the width, the height and the length of the box. (See above)
Box Example:
Sphere
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To create a sphere you must define the radius and the desired tolerance or the segments count
(level of detail). The tolerance defines the maximum deviation from the ideal sphere. The minimal
segments count is 4 and the maximum segments count is 360.
Sphere examples :
lowest detail highest detail
Cylinder
To create a cylinder you must define the radius, the height and the desired tolerance or the
segments count (level of detail). The tolerance defines the maximum deviation from the ideal
circle. The minimal segments count is 3 and the maximum segments count is 360.
Cylinder examples :
200

Cone
lowest detail highest detail
Create base solid
To create a cone you must define the bottom radius, the top radius, the height and the desired
tolerance or the segments count (level of detail). The tolerance defines the maximum deviation
from the ideal circle relating to the smaller radius. The minimal segments count is 3 and the
maximum segments count is 360.
Cone examples :
Pyramid
lowest detail highest detail
To create a pyramid you need to specify the width, the height and the length of the pyramid.
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Pyramid:
Tube
To create a tube you must define the inner radius, the outer radius, the height and the desired
tolerance or the segments count (level of detail). The tolerance defines the maximum deviation
from the ideal circle relating to the smaller radius. The minimal segments count is 3 and the
maximum segments count is 360.
Tube examples :
lowest detail highest detail
202

Torus
Create base solid
To create a torus you must define the inner radius, the outer radius, and the desired tolerance or
the segments count (level of detail). The tolerance defines the maximum deviation from the ideal
circle relating to the smaller radius. The minimal segments count is 3 and the maximum
segments count is 360.
Torus examples :
lowest detail highest detail
Position
You can define a creation position of your body by inserting the appropriate X, Y and Z
coordinates (in millimeter) in the edit boxes in the position field.
Rotation
You can define a creation rotation of your body by inserting the appropriate X, Y and Z rotation
angles (in degrees) in the edit boxes in the rotation field.
Set color
Defines a specific for the body. Make sure the "Set color" - checkbox is selected and pick the
desired color from the palette button on the right side of the "Set color" - checkbox.
Reference:
203

Align objects
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Aligns an object within the workspace
Use this tool to align an object within the current workspace according to different geometry
entities.
Dialog Align objects
1st Entity
As the tool will align an object after different geometry entities you should choose one from the
"1st Entity" - List and pick it with the mouse from the object you wish to align:
Vertex - when you have selected this option you must pick a vertex from the object you want to
align. The vertex coordinates (white point) and the vertex normal (yellow arrow) will be used as
source position and source orientation (front side) respectively.
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Align Objects
Triangle - when you have selected this option you must pick a triangle (white) from the object
you want to align. The triangle center and the triangle normal (yellow arrow) will be used as
source position and source orientation (front side) respectively.
Plane - when you have selected this option you must pick three points from the object you want
to align in order to define a plane. The plane center (white point) and the plane normal (yellow
arrow) will be used as source position and source orientation (front side) respectively. Note that
here the plane orientation depends on the selection order of the points which define it:
V/S
Counter clockwise: Clockwise:
Circle - when you have selected this option you must pick three points from the object you want
to align in order to define a circle. The circle center (white point) and the circle normal (yellow
arrow) will be used as source position and source orientation (front side) respectively. Note that
here the circle orientation depends on the selection order of the points which define it:
V/S
Counter clockwise: Clockwise:
Line - when you have selected this option you must pick two points from the object you want to
align in order to define a line. As source position will be used the line center. The line orientation
(yellow arrow) is the direction from the first picked point to the second one:
Edge - when you have selected this option you must pick an edge from the object you want to
align. As source position will be used the edge center. The edge orientation (yellow arrow) is the
edge normal defined as a sum of the normals of the triangle(s) applied to this edge:
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Free point - when you have selected this option you must pick a point from the object you want
to align. The point coordinates (white point) and the point normal (yellow arrow) will be used as
source position and source orientation (front side) respectively.
2nd Entity
The second step is to define the 2nd entity, the destination position and direction used to align
the object in relation to.
The first seven entries are on par with the entries in the "1st entity". They are only valid if there
are at least two objects in the workspace.
The following entries are for aligning the object to world space axes, planes or origin.
INFO: At any time you can change your selection due to a mistake or you just want define
another selection. In order to do that you need just to select once again an entity. Selecting a
new option from the "2nd Entity" - list will remove only the current selection you have made for
the second entity. Selecting a new option from the "1st Entity" will remove all the entities
selections you have made.
Status field
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Align Objects
In this field you will be able to see the status of your current selections for the first and second
entities.
Show vertices
Sometimes the geometry objects in your workspace may have very thick mesh grids, which
could make your job to pick exactly the item you want very difficult. To solve the problem you
may check the "Show vertices" - box in order to see the vertex positions clearly:
You can disable this option any time you want by unchecking the "Show vertices" - box.
Move Source
Sometimes you may wish not to move the source object but only set the orientation. You can do
this any time by unchecking the "Move source" - box. You can change also the orientation
interactively at any time choosing another option from the "Orientation" - list.
Orientation
This option specifies how the source object should be aligned according to the destination one.
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Each of the selected entities has a direction marked with an yellow arrow (except XY-, YZ-, XZplanes,
X-, Y-, Z-axes and the origin). This arrow shows the direction of the front side of an
entity. The opposite direction is the back side of an entity.
Front-Front parallel - when this option is selected the source entity front side will be changed to
point to the opposite direction of the destination entity, so the both vectors will be parallel to
one another.
Example:
208
+ Front-Front parallel =
Front-Back parallel - when this option is selected the source entity front side will be changed to
point to the same direction of the destination entity, so the both vectors will be parallel to one
another.
Example:
+ Front-Back parallel =
Front-Front perpendicular - when this option is selected the source entity front side will be
changed to point to the perpendicular direction of the destination entity.
Example:

+ Front-Front perpendicular =
Front-Back perpendicular - when this option is selected the source entity front side will be
changed to point to the perpendicular direction of the destination entity.
Example:
Fine tuning
+ Front-Back perpendicular =
Align Objects
After selecting the source and destination entities and an orientation you must press the "Apply
alignment" - button in order to enable the fine tuning options. The input red offset field accept
values in millimetres and will move the object along the red axis - both, positive and negative
values are accepted. The input red rotation field accept values in grads and will rotate the object
around the red axis - both, positive and negative values are accepted. The input blue rotation
field accept values in grads and will rotate the object around the blue axis - both, positive and
negative values are accepted. You must press the "Apply alignment" - button anytime you
change the fine tuning data. Pressing the "OK" - button will apply the end orientation and close
the tool.
Example:
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Reference:
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Offset Model
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Offsets a model or surface.
Dialog Offset Model:
Offset value
This is the offset value used to offset your model or surface. We recommend the usage of small
offset values (from -1.0 mm to 1.0 mm). Otherwise, geometry defects (internal collisions,
overlaps, deformations) may occur and make your object unusable.
Offset method straight
This method allows to move the points and triangles directly along their surface normal. The two
options "Add triangles" and "Move points" specifies whether new triangles are to be created
between the original position and new one or only to move the points. Both positive and
negative values are only for the "Move points" option supported. If no surface is selected, then
in each case the option "Move points" is used.
Add triangles - can only be used to offset marked surfaces.
Examples:
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212
Before offset After offset
Before offset After offset
Move points - could be used to offset marked surfaces or whole objects.
Examples:
Before offset After offset (positive)
Before offset After offset (negative)

Before offset After offset (positive)
Before offset After offset (positive)
Offset method approximate
Offset Model
This method creates a new surface in the defined distance to the original model. Rough edges
will be rounded thereby and the offset can vary about the permitted deviation bigger or smaller.
Deviation - defines the allowed variation from the specified offset value.
Estimated temporary memory demand - the given deviation determines the number of new
created triangles and thus the storage requirement during the offset computation. The memory
demand is only rough estimated and refers to the temporarly generated triangles. By optimization
of the calculated surface the result has clearly fewer triangles.
Reference: Extrude object, Generate hulls and cores, Hollow model
213

Extrude
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Extrudes selected surfaces or selected triangles.
Dialog Extrude objects :
Extrude value:
This is the value used to extrude the selected surfaces or triangles. Both positive and negative
values are supported.
Extrusion method:
This is the method used to perform the extrude operation. Following extrusion methods are
available:
Move points - will move the point coordinates of the selected surfaces or triangles.
Examples:
Before extrude After extrude
Add triangles - will extrude the selected surfaces or triangles as shown below.
Examples:
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Before extrude After extrude (positive)
Before extrude After extrude (negative)
Create volume - will create a volume object from the selection.
Examples:
Before extrude (no volume) After extrude (with volume)
Remarks:
INFO: When you have a single selection you may define a direction to which the selected
surface or triangle could be extruded. It is defined by the three X, Y and Z axes. Each
component of the direction means how many percent will be the object extruded to the
corresponding axis.
When having a multiple selection each selected unit will be extruded to its own direction.
INFO: Note also, that not all surfaces can be extruded.
Switch to Select Body mode:
Extrude object
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This option is only active if Create volume is selected and allows to switch to the Mark shells
mode after extrude with the new created volume selected.
Reference: Offset object
216

Booleans
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Provides the three Boolean operations union, intersection and subtraction for triangle models
The function "Boolean operation" provides the three Boolean operations union, intersection and
subtraction for triangle models.
The different Boolean operations can be applied on two individual objects (shells) of a model (use
the function Mark shells… from the menu Facets - Manipulate shells to select individual shells).
If no individual object or more than two objects have been selected, only the Boolean union can
be used. In this case, an information dialog is displayed before the union operation is applied.
Dialog Select Boolean operation
The option "Volume" defines whether to treat the parts as closed solids or not. If the option is
disabled the part is interpreted as surface and affect the transfer of triangles between the two
parts to complete the boolean operation.
Aside of the Boolean operations themselves, some additional options are available to specify
how the result of the Boolean operation should be stored. By default, the result of the Boolean
operation is generated in a new workspace whereas the original objects remain unchanged. If
the corresponding option "Create new model" is switched off, the calculation result replaces the
selected original objects in the current workspace.
The name of the newly generated object can be chosen unrestrictedly. By default, the name of
the selected Boolean operation is indicated, and it can be supplemented and modified as desired.
In addition, the names of the two selected objects are given in the name list where they can be
selected directly. The names of the two selected objects are also shown in the upper area of the
dialog as well.
The additional option "Keep subtracted solid" can only be used, when the Boolean subtraction is
selected. If this option is disabled, as it is by default, the subtracted object is deleted entirely. If
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VisCAM Help 4.0
it is enabled, the subtracted object is retained after the subtract operation and only the
intersecting area is subtracted from the two selected objects. This method can be seen
equivalent to an inverted intersection operation.
Examples of boolean operations:
Reference:
218

Trim and cut
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Allows trimming and cutting of triangle models
In general trimming and cutting of triangle models is a two step process which is coordinated by
the “Trim model” dialog:
1. Creation of trimming mask: mask type selection and interactive definition of trimming
mask on the view plane.
2. Application of trimming mask: operation type selection and execution of operation using
the trimming mask.
Dialog Trim model
Create trimming mask
The combobox offers the following types of trimming masks:
• Spline: a closed rounded line loop through defined points.
• Polygon: a closed line loop through defined points.
• Rectangle
• Circle
• Freehand: a closed line loop defined by clicking and dragging with the mouse.
Now the trimming mask can be defined interactively on the view plane inside the 3D view
window. Depending on the selected trimming mask type the trimming mask is created by
clicking positions on the view plane (spline, polygon) or by clicking and dragging (rectangle,
circle, freehand).
The button “Delete” can be used to delete the current trimming mask.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
220
Interactive creation of a circle trimming mask
Apply trimming mask
The combobox provides the following operations for trimming mask application (the selected
operation is performed by clicking the button “apply”):
Solid – Cut out: The triangle solid formed from the volume enclosed by the trimming mask is
deleted. This operation alters the original triangle model.
Solid – Extract: A new triangle solid is formed from the volume enclosed by the trimming mask.
This operation alters the original triangle model.
Surface – Copy: Creates a copy of the front surface enclosed by the trimming mask. This
operation does not alter the original triangle model.
Surface – Cut out: Deletes the front surface enclosed by the trimming mask. This operation
alters the original triangle model.
Surface – Extract: The front surface enclosed by the trimming mask is turned into an
independent surface object. This operation alters the original triangle model.
For all trimming mask operations that yield a new object (surface or model) it is possible to set a
colour for the new object. The colouring is controlled via the “Colour object” checkbox in the
“Options” section and the colour is defined by the colour button.

Application of trimming mask using solid extraction and object colouring
Result of solid extraction and object colouring.
Two objects were created and the new object is coloured.
Trim and cut
INFO: The trimming or cutting operation fails if the trimming mask is not a valid closed line loop.
If the trimming mask features self intersections the trimming or cutting operation is not possible.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
HINT: The current trimming mask remains existing as long as the “Trim model” dialog is open so
that the mask can be reused for multiple operations. The view can also be changed (zoom,
rotation, translation).
Reference:
222

Hollow model
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
This function generates a hollow model from a solid model.
Dialog Hollow model
Wall Thickness:
Thickness of the shell (mm).
Accuracy:
The interior surface will be calculated with the given accuracy (rough, average, fine) or can be
defined with the option User. The outer surface will stay untouched in any case.
Deviation (User)
Defines the allowed variation from the specified offset value.
Memory demand
The given Deviation determines the number of new created triangles and thus the storage
requirement during the computation. The memory demand is only rough estimated and refers to
the temporarly generated triangles. By optimization of the calculated surface the result has
clearly fewer triangles.
Reference: Generate hulls and cores, Generate structure
223

Split model
Menu: Facets Icon: No short cut
Allows the splitting of triangle models alongside a defined cutting plane
The function "Split model…" allows the defined splitting of triangle models alongside a planar
cutting plane.
This cut operation is integrated as an enhancement into the Cross section dialog of the view
menu, where it can be shown or hidden alternatively with the button "Split model".
Dialog Split model
The cutting plane can be shown as a transparent plane in order to control the plane position
before applying the cutting function (option "Show cut plane"). The plane position can be
defined with the parameters of the Cross section function.
The cutting function is applied to the model at the defined cutting plane with the button "Cut at
plane…". If individual solids or surfaces of the model have been marked, the cut operation is
applied only to the selected objects.
The parameter "Move objects after cut" moves the objects resulting from the cut operation to
the left and to the right of the cutting plane by the defined value.
By default the objects resulting from the split operation are generated as separate models, which
can then be processed individually. For example, they can be placed as individual parts within
the build preparation. In contrast, the original model context is maintained when the option
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Split model
"Keep model context for objects" is enabled. Thus, the objects resulting from the cut operation
are further considered as a coherent model, which can then be processed as one connected part.
The function "Automatic coloring of objects" automatically dyes the objects resulting from the
cut operation in different colors, in order to allow an easier differentiation of the cutting result.
Reference: Cross section
225

Manipulate holes menu
Menu: Facets
Contains functions for the selection and the manipulation of individual holes in the triangle mesh
of the model
Mark holes
Marks a selected hole in the surface of the model
Unmark holes
Undoes the selection of holes
Fill marked holes
Fills all selected holes with triangles
Fill unmarked holes
Fills all unmarked holes with triangles
Fill options
Defines the settings for the selection and filling of holes
Reference: Menu Facets
226

Mark holes
Menu: Manipulate holes Icon: No short cut
Enables the interactive selection of holes within the model geometry
Use this function to mark an hole for editing. You can also select multiple holes. In order to
select an hole, click onto an unmatched edge of the model. The corresponding hole geometry is
created and all edges of the hole are displayed in a marked state. If you click onto a selected
edge of an hole, the selection is reversed.
HINT: The generation of the hole geometry depend on the defined fill options. If the fill method
"Only planar holes" is selected, only holes that are located on the same plane can be marked. If
the standard method "Advanced triangulation" is activated and the hole is curved, the created
edges that separate the hole into planar regions are displayed (using red lines).
HINT: Are many (small) holes displayed? Use the function Match edges first.
HINT: You do not need to select all holes to close the surface of a model. Use the function Fill
holes to close all holes automatically.
Reference: Match edges, Fill holes, Unmark holes, Fill marked holes, Fill unmarked holes, Fill
options
227

Unmark holes
Menu: Manipulate holes Icon: No short cut
Undoes the selection of holes
Reference: Mark holes
228

Fill marked holes
Menu: Manipulate holes Icon: No short cut
Fills all previously selected holes with triangles
The selected holes are triangulated. The parameters for the triangulation can be defined under
Fill options. After the triangulation, the Mark triangles mode is activated automatically and the
generated triangles are marked. You can delete those triangles using the function Delete marked
to revert the result of the function Fill marked holes. By finishing the mark triangles mode, the
new triangles are taken over into the model.
Reference: Fill options, Mark triangles, Delete marked
229

Fill unmarked holes
Menu: Manipulate holes Icon: No short cut
Fill the non marked holes
All holes, which are not selected, are triangulated. The parameters for the triangulation can be
defined under Fill options. After the triangulation, the Mark triangles mode is activated
automatically and the generated triangles are marked. You can delete those triangles using the
function Delete marked to revert the result of the function Fill unmarked holes. By finishing the
mark triangles mode, the new triangles are taken over into the model.
This function behaves like Fill marked holes. The difference is that those holes are being
processed, which are not marked.
Reference: Fill marked holes, Mark holes
230

Fill options
Menu: Manipulate holes Icon: No short cut
Defines the settings for the selection and filling of holes
Using this function it is possible to fill holes within faulty models. Multiple fill methods and fill
parameters can be defined.
TIP: The course of a hole contour influences the behaviour of the different fill methods. By
deleting or inserting triangles on the border of a complex hole, it may be simplified that an
automatic filling becomes possible.
Dialog Fill options
Fill method
Only planar holes: If this option is selected, only those holes are filled that generate a planar
surface after filling. All border curve points are located on the same plane.
Simple Triangulation: This method ignores a possible hole curvature. In certain situations this
may lead into better results than using the advanced triangulation. Depending on the hole
geometry the result may be faulty and useless. For planar holes the method "Only planar holes"
should be used.
Advanced Triangulation: This method splits a hole into planar regions that are filled using the
principle from planar holes. To split a non planar hole there may be multiple possibilities which
may lead into different results. The result of the advanced triangulation may be a concave or a
convex surface. If this method does not lead into the desired result, a "Simple Triangulation"
may be of better use.
Fill parameters
Plane tolerance: If the advanced triangulation is used, you can set which tolerance values should
be used for holes to be considered as planar and be filled.
Minimum surface: Here we define the size of the minimum area that a hole must have before it
is filled. This way it is avoided that to many small triangles are created.
Reference:
231

Manipulate triangles menu
Menu: Facets
Contains functions for the selection and manipulation of individual triangles
of the model
Mark triangles
Marks the selected triangles
Unmark triangles
Unmarks all selected triangles
Turn marked
Turns the orientation of the marked triangles
Delete marked
Deletes the marked triangles from the model
Create surface
Creates a surface area from the currently marked triangles
Reference: Menu Facets
232

Mark triangles
Menu: Manipulate triangles Icon: No short cut
Marks the selected triangles
You can mark triangles by clicking onto them using the left mouse button. You can also select
multiple triangles at the same time. By clicking onto an already marked triangle, it is unmarked
again.
By pressing the left mouse button and dragging a rectangle is opened which allows you to mark
all visible triangles touching the rectangle area. You can unmark all visible triangles touching the
rectangle area if you press and hold the “Alt” key while defining the rectangle.
Reference:
233

Unmark triangles
Menu: Manipulate triangles Icon: No short cut
Unmarks all selected triangles
Info: You can also unmark triangles by clicking on the marked triangles using the left mouse
button.
Reference: Mark triangles
234

Turn marked
Menu: Manipulate triangles Icon: No short cut
Turns all marked triangles
All marked triangles are flipped so that their normals direct into the opposite direction.
Reference: Flipped triangles
235

Delete marked
Menu: Manipulate triangles Icon: No short cut
Deletes the marked triangles from the model
All marked triangles are deleted.
Reference:
236

Create surface
Menu: Manipulate triangles Icon: No short cut
Creates a surface area from the currently marked triangles
A surface area is created from the currently marked triangles. The new surface area is selected
(switching to surface manipulation).
Reference:
237

Manipulate surfaces
Menu: Facets
Contains functions for the selection and manipulation of individual surfaces
of the model
Mark surfaces
Marks a selected surface area of the model
Unmark surfaces
Undoes the marking of the selected surface area
Turn marked
Turns the orientation of the marked surface areas
Delete marked
Deletes the marked surface areas from the model
Surface options
Defines the settings for the selection of surface areas
Reference: Menu Facets
238

Mark surfaces
Menu: Manipulate surfaces Icon: No short cut
Marks a selected surface area of the model
You can select a surface of the model by a simple mouse click on it. The parameters that define
the finding of the surfaces can be defined in Surface options. The clicked triangle is used as the
initial triangle within the finding of the surface. You can unmark a marked surface by clicking on
it for a second time.
By pressing the left mouse button and dragging a rectangle is opened which allows you to mark
all visible surfaces touching the rectangle area.
Reference: Unmark surfaces, Surface options
239

Unmark surfaces
Menu: Manipulate surfaces Icon: No short cut
Unmarks the marked surfaces
The currently marked surfaces are unmarked.
Reference: Mark surfaces
240

Turn marked
Menu: Manipulate surfaces Icon: No short cut
Turns the orientation of the marked surface areas
The marked surfaces are flipped. So that all surface normals direct into the opposite direction.
Reference: Turn triangles, Turn shells
241

Delete marked
Menu: Manipulate surfaces Icon: No short cut
Deletes the marked surface areas from the model
This function deletes all marked surface areas from the model.
Reference: Mark surfaces
242

Surface options
Menu: Manipulate surfaces Icon: No short cut
Defines the settings for the selection of surface areas
By changing the surface options you can influence the surface detection. The selection of proper
settings depends on the geometrical characteristics of the model.
Considering the defined surface options, a surface is generated beginning with a start triangle
(reference triangle). To achieve this, the neighbours of the triangles already contained in the
surface area are tested recursively. If necessary they are added to the surface.
Dialog Surface options
Surface definition
Plane distance: The distance between the planes is used as the criterion for checking the
neighbour triangles of the surface.
Curvature angle: The angel between a plane and its neighbour triangle is used as the test
criterion.
Compare only with reference triangle: If this option is enabled, neighbour triangles are only
compared to the starting triangle. Otherwise, two triangles that are directly in contact are
compared. One of these triangles has to be contained in the surface, the other has to be a
neighbour.
Examples for surface options
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Plane distance 0.15 mm
Enabled Compare only with reference triangle option
Curvature angle 5 degrees
Disabled Compare only with reference triangle option
Selection parameters
244
Plane distance 0.15 mm
Disabled Compare only with reference triangle option
Curvature angle 5 degrees
Enabled Compare only with reference triangle option
Merge deselected back to part: The selected surfaces are always converted to separate objects.
If this option is enabled, the generated objects are re-integrated into the model after being
deselected.
Keep model context for objects: If this option is enabled, the shells generated by the selection
remain subobjects of the model. In case this option is disabled, every selected surface becomes
a new model.
Use color for object selection: The color of the triangles is used to find the surface. This way
only single colored surfaces are created.
Store last colored objects: After they have been assigned a color, selected surfaces are
deselected to show the new color (the marked surfaces are displayed in a standard highlight
color covering the normal color). Using the option "Store last colored objects" you can assign a
color multiple times to a surface, even though the surface is no longer marked after the first
color selection. This option cannot be used together with the option "Merge deselected back to
part".
Reference:

Manipulate shell menu
Menu: Facets
Contains functions for the selection and manipulation of individual shells of
the model
Mark shells
Marks a selected shell of the model
Unmark shells
Undoes the marking of the selected shells
Turn marked
Turns the orientation of the marked shells
Delete marked
Deletes the marked shells from the model
Shell options
Defines the settings for the selection of shells
Reference: Menu Facets
245

Mark shells
Menu: Manipulate shells Icon: No short cut
Marks a selected shell of the model
You can select shells from a model by clicking on them. The parameters for the finding of the
shells can be defined using Shell options. The clicked triangle is used as the starting triangle for
finding the shell. By clicking on an already selected shell, the selection is removed.
By pressing the left mouse button and dragging a rectangle is opened which allows you to mark
all visible shells touching the rectangle area.
Reference: Shell options, Unmark shells
246

Unmark shells
Menu: Manipulate shells Icon: No short cut
Removes the marking of the selected shells
All marked shells are unmarked. Depending on the Shell options, shells or models may be
combined.
Reference: Shell options, Mark shells
247

Turn marked
Menu: Manipulate shells Icon: No short cut
Turns the marked shells
The triangles of the selected shells are flipped so that all triangle normals direct into the opposite
direction than before the operation.
Reference: Turn surfaces, Turn triangles, Mark shell, Flipped triangles
248

Delete marked
Menu: Manipulate shells Icon: No short cut
Deletes the marked shells from the model
All marked shells are deleted from the model.
Reference: Mark shells
249

Shell options
Menu: Manipulate shells Icon: No short cut
Defines the settings for the selection of shells
In shell options you can define the parameters for the selection of shells.
Dialog Shell options
Selection parameters
Don't demerge selected objects: By clicking on a shell, the shell is marked in whole even if a
splitting is possible. Alternatively the shell is extracted beginning with a starting triangle.
Keep model context for objects: The shells that are generated remain subobjects of the model.
Alternatively every selected surface becomes a new model.
Merge deselected back to part: After the selection is removed, the extracted shells are recombined.
Otherwise they remain separate shells or models.
Use color for object selection: The color of the triangles is used to find the shell so that only
single colored shells are created. This may result in unfinished shells with open edges.
Store last colored objects: After they have been assigned a color, selected shells are deselected
to show the new color (the marked surfaces are displayed in a standard highlight color covering
the normal color). Using the option "Store last colored objects" you can assign a color multiple
times to a shell, even though the shell is no longer marked after the first color selection. This
option cannot be used together with the option "Merge deselected back to part".
Reference: Mark shells
250

Slices menu
Contains functions for handling slice models
Select stack
Allows fast navigation in the slice stack of the model
Reset stack
Resets the indicated slice stack
Step stack up
Shows the next slice of the model
Step stack down
Shows the previous slice of the model
Show single slice
Shows only single slices of the model
Show points on contours
Shows the contour points on the slices
Calculate variable thickness
Calculates variable slice thickness for the model
Resolve slice thickness
Resets the calculated slice thickness
Recalculate contour resolution
Recalculates the resolution of the contours
Resolve contour resolution
Resets the calculated contour resolution
Show original data
Shows original data as it was before a calculation of variable slice thickness or changes in
contour resolution
Show contour changes
Shows border points deleted during the calculation of contour resolution
Show thickness changes
Shows slices deleted during the calculation of variable slice thickness
Delete original data
Irrevocably deletes original data removed during the calculation of variable slice thickness or
during changes in contour resolution
251

VisCAM Help 4.0
Remove slice
Deletes individual slices from the slice model
Insert slice
Pastes removed slices back into the slice model
Delete removed data
Irrevocably deletes removed slices
Reference:
252

Select stack
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Allows fast navigation within the slice stack of the model
The dialog Select stack controls the view on the stack and on single slices.
Dialog Select stack
Stack position
With the slider you can change the stack position within the view. It is also possible to specify
an absolute stack position. The position corresponds to the z-component within the coordinate
system.
First layer
The stack position is set to the first (lowest) layer of the model.
Previous layer
The stack position is set one layer down.
Stop
Stops the slice animation.
Start
Starts the slice animation. The stack position automatically passes through all layers within the
model.
Next layer
The stack position is increased by one layer.
Last layer
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VisCAM Help 4.0
The stack position is set to the last (topmost) layer of the model.
Loop mode
If this option is enabled, the stack animation runs endlessly through all layers. Otherwise the
animation is stopped at the last layer.
Delay time
You can define a delay in milliseconds that is used by the slice animation. Every layer is at least
displayed for this amount of time before the next layer is displayed.
Single slice
Only one layer is displayed at once. Otherwise all slices from the bottom most up to the actual
layer are displayed.
Add slice below
In addition to the actual slice, the slice below is displayed.
Slice details
Using the button Slice details you can expand the dialog, so that detailed information about the
currently displayed slices is shown.
Slices
The number of displayed slices, the displayed information refers to.
Thickness
The thickness (per slice) in mm.
Hatches
Sum of the hatches of the displayed slices.
Support edges
Sum of the support edges of the displayed slices.
Volume
Volume of the displayed slices in ccm.
Contour area
Area of the displayed slices in qcm.
254

Select stack
Build time Calculated build time of the displayed slices. The build time depends on the process
parameters of the defined machine (Define machine).
Reference: Reset stack, Define machine
255

Reset stack
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Reset the stack selection
The limited area of visible slices that has been selected using Select stack is removed. The
option Show single slice is not removed. If it is active and you want to display the whole stack,
you must deactivate this option separately.
Reference: Select stack, Show single slice
256

Step stack up
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Shows the next slice of the model
The actual slice is set one up. Depending on the setting of Show single slice only one slice or an
area of slices, beginning with the bottom most up the active one, is displayed.
Reference: Show single slice, Step stack down, Select stack, Reset stack
257

Step stack down
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Shows the previous slice of the model
The displayed slice is switched to the previous slice. Depending on the setting of Show single
slice only one slice or an area beginning with the bottom most up the active slice is displayed.
Reference: Show single slice, Step stack up, Select stack, Reset stack
258

Show single slice
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Shows only single slices of the model
Only the slice corresponding to the current position within the stack is displayed. Using Step
stack up and Step stack down the position can be changed.
Reference: Step stack up, Step stack down, Select stack
259

Show points on contours
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Shows the contour points on the slices
The contour points of the slice model are displayed.
Reference: Measure point
260

Calculate variable thickness
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Optimizes the slice stack by removing redundant slices and by using variable slice thickness
Variable slice thickness(cross section of a part)
The build time and the build costs depend on the number of slices that have to be build. If your
machine is able to use variable slice thickness within a job, adjacent slices, which are equal to a
certain degree within their geometry, are combined to a single slice with a higher thickness.
Depending on the part, the number of slices can be reduced without loosing the precision of the
result.
Slices that are removed by this optimization remain in memory and can be reinserted using the
function Resolve slice thickness. However, these slices are not saved when the model is saved.
Dialog Calculate slice thickness
Comparison accuracy on contour level
While comparing two adjacent slices, differences in the geometry below this value are ignored.
Allowed thickness values
Use predefined thickness range: The range between the minimal and maximal slice thickness is
limited by the capabilities of the predefined machine. Deactivate this option to ignore the
capabilities of the predefined machine.
By clicking the button Define slice thickness you can directly configure the selected machine to
define the area of maximum and minimum slice thickness.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
262
Model using uniform thickness Optimized model using variable thickness
Reference: Resolve slice thickness, Delete removed data

Resolve slice thickness
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Resets the variable thickness to original data
The variable thickness that has been created using Calculate variable thickness is removed and
the removed slices are reinserted.
Reference: Calculate variable thickness, Show original data, Show thickness changes
263

Recalculate contour resolution
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Recalculates the resolution of the contours
The precision of the contour resolution determines the amount of data the slice model needs in
memory. By reducing the contour resolution calculations on the slice data are faster and the file
size of slice models is reduced.
Having regard to the defined tolerance δ , redundant contour points are removed from the slice
contours. At this, δ is the distance between the point and the contour curve ρ which is created
after the point is deleted.
Tolerance for the contour resolution
Here you can define the tolerance value δ that is used for the contour resolution.
HINT: Below the machine precision in the xy-plane, an optimization of the resolution does not
have any effects on the quality of the build parts.
The contour points removed by the optimization remain in memory at first and can be retrieved
using the function Resolve contour resolution. However, the removed points are not saved if you
save the slice model.
Reference: Show contour changes, Show original data, Resolve contour resolution
264

Resolve contour resolution
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Resets the calculated contour resolution
Using this function, the contour points that have been removed using Recalculate contour
resolution are reinserted. If the contour points are deleted using Delete original data, the contour
resolution cannot be resolved.
Reference: Recalculate contour resolution, Delete original data
265

Show original data
Menu: Slices No icon No short cut
Shows original data as it was before a calculation of variable slice thickness or changes in
contour resolution
By showing all objects that were removed using optimisation methods, the original state of the
slice model is displayed. The function Delete original data erases this information and it is no
longer possible to display the original state any more.
Reference: Recalculate contour resolution, Calculate variable thickness, Delete original data
266

Show contour changes
Menu: Slices No icon No short cut
Shows border points deleted during the calculation of contour resolution
Contour areas, which were changed using Recalculate contour resolution and which differ from
the original data, are highlighted using colouring. By activating the option Show original data at
the same time, a direct comparison of the optimised contours and the original data is possible.
Display changed contour areas(turquoise or
brighter)
Reference: Recalculate contour resolution, Show original data
Changed Contour areas and display of the
original data (red or darker)
267

Show thickness changes
Menu: Slices No icon No short cut
Shows slices deleted during calculation of variable slice thickness
The slices that were removed using Calculate variable thickness are displayed. Slices that were
deleted using Delete original data cannot be displayed any longer.
Optimized slice model Show optimized slices
Reference: Delete original data, Calculate variable thickness
268

Delete original data
Menu: Slices No icon No short cut
Irrevocably deletes original data removed during the calculation of variable slice thickness or
during changes in contour resolution
The contour points and slices that were calculated using Recalculate contour resolution and
Calculate variable thickness are deleted. By deleting the data that was removed by optimisation,
the used memory is freed and you cannot undo the optimisation any longer.
Reference: Recalculate contour resolution, Calculate variable thickness
269

Remove slice
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Deletes individual slices from the slice model
You can remove a slice or an area of slices out of the slice model. Optionally, you can fill the
generated gap by copying an adjacent slice.
The removed slices remain in memory and you can reinsert them using Insert slice. The function
Delete removed data erases the data and you can no longer reinsert them.
HINT: By replacing a faulty slice using a copy of an adjacent one, it is possible to repair the slice
model without modifying the geometry too much.
Dialog Remove slices
Slices to be removed
Specify the range of slices you want to remove. (The bottom most slice is slice number 1).
Replace removed slices
If the originated gap can be filled with an adjacent slice you can select if the one below or the
one on top of the removed slice should be used.
Reference: Insert slice, Delete removed data
270

Insert slice
Menu: Slices Icon: No short cut
Pastes removed slices back into the slice model
Slices that were removed using Remove slice can be reinserted as long they have not been
deleted using Delete removed data.
It is not possible to reinsert slices that were replaced by adjacent slices.
Dialog Insert Slice
Removed slice
Specify the number of the slice to be reinserted.
All removed slices
Choose this option to reinsert all removed slices.
Reference: Remove slice, Delete removed data
271

Delete removed data
Menu: Slices No icon No short cut
Irrevocably deletes removed slices
Slices that were deleted using Remove slice are deleted and can no longer be reinserted.
Reference: Remove slice, Insert slice
272

Process menu
Contains all functions for the generation of build data
Define machine
Set-up of process-specific parameters for process preparation with
internal machine database support
Show build envelope
Displays the build envelope of the selected machine in the model
view
Set envelope layout
Defines the layout of the displayed build envelope
Select part
Allows the selection of single parts
Align to bottom plane
Aligns the parts with a selectable bottom planes facing the build
platform
Align to side plane
Aligns the parts with a selectable side planes facing the xz-plane of
the build platform
Orientate parts
Orientates all active parts in the workspace on the basis of their
minimal bounding geometry
Place parts
Realigns all parts in the build envelope
Move to envelope
Moves selected parts into the build envelope
Analyse wall thickness
Analyses the wall thickness of the model and displays the result coloured on the model
Compensate shrinkage
Compensates material shrinkage when building the parts
Generate hulls and cores
Calculates and generates hulls and cores for the selected model
Generate structure
Generates a structure from the active part
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Generate slices
Generates slice data for the selected parts
Generate hatches
Generates hatches for the selected parts
Delete hatches
Deletes the hatches of the selected part
Show hatches
Displays the hatches of the parts in the model view
Generate supports
Generates supports for the selected parts
Delete supports
Deletes the supports of the selected parts
Calculate build costs
Calculates the machining time and expenses for the selected parts
Reference:
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Define machine
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Set-up of process-specific parameters for process preparation with internal machine database
support.
Dialog of machine database:
Browser:
The tree diagram situated on the left side shows the content of the "user defined machines"
database.
INFO: The "user defined machines" database is empty after program set-up. The user can fill it
with new machines and private parameters. Parameter definition is not restricted.
Tab pages:
This dialog box has several tabs. They show all parameters of the current machine sorted by
topics.
The database are subdivided hierarchically into three different levels:
Supplier: The highest level offers information about the particular supplier. Basically, this
level groups the individual machines of a certain supplier.
Machine: Underneath the suppliers' level, all of the suppliers' installations are listed. Machine
settings include all fixed parameters (envelope, laser or spray nozzle e.g.)
Configuration: On the lowest level several different configurations of each installation can be
defined (for different materials, construction methods and cost rates, e.g.).
There are three different options available for editing and administration of the hierarchical
entries to the database:
Add machine
opens the "Select machine" dialog box with the "predefined machines"
database and transmits a copy of the selected machine to the user-defined
database.
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Create new Supplier/Machine/Configuration generates a new entry into the user-defined
database below the selected level.
Copy Machine/Configuration creates a copy of the selected entry in the current level.
Delete Manufacturer/Machine/Configuration removes the selected entry from the userdefined
database.
Subsequently, the variable parameters of the database are listed according to their arrangement
on the tab pages. The same icons as on the tab pages label the assignment of the parameters to
the corresponding hierarchy levels.
Reference: Show build envelope, Calculate build costs, Move to envelope, Pick and rotate, Pick
and move, Generate slices, Generate hatches, Compensate shrinkage, Save as

Define machine
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Tab page Common
Contains general parameters and information about the current supplier, machine and
configurations. The names of the hierarchical entries in the database are defined here in
particular.
Vendor
Name: The name of the supplier.
Machine
Model: The name of the RP machine.
Technology: Defines the technology of the RP machine. Parameters on tab page Process depend
on it.
Slice format: Defines the default file format for the output of slice data when calling the function
Save as. Additional settings can be defined for some formats.
Options for saving CLI data files:
Resolution: The CLI resolution defines the unit of measurement used for saving model
coordinates.
Binary format: Writes CLI data either in the binary or in ASCII-version.
High precision: If high precision is active, coordinate decimals are saved, whereas they are
shortened when the resolution is low.
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The description of the CLI-Interfacer contains further details about the settings for saving CLI
data files, in particular for actuating EOS installations.
Options for saving F&S data files:
Version: Defines the F&S version used for saving.
Options for saving GCode data files:
Profile: Shows the profile that is used when saving GCode files.
Change/Edit profile: Makes it possible to select, create and edit GCode profiles.
The description of the GCode Interfacer contains additional information about the settings and
the profiles used for creating GCode files.
Options for saving SLI data files:
Resolution: Defines the unit that is used when saving the coordinates of the model.
The description of the SLI Interfacer contains additional information about the settings used
when saving SLI files for SLA 250 machines.
278
Configuration
Name: Defines name of the active configuration.
Reference: show build envelope, Calculate build costs, Move to envelope, Pick and rotate, Pick
and move, Generate slices, Generate hatches, Compensate shrinkage, Save as

Define machine
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Tab page Envelope
Contains all parameters to define the envelope as well as the settings for part placement in the
envelope with the functions Realign parts, Move to envelope, Pick and move, and Pick and
rotate.
Envelope dimensions
Width (X): Dimension of the envelope in X.
Length (Y): Dimension of the envelope in Y.
Height (Z): Dimension of the envelope in Z.
Diameter: Diameter of the envelope. (This parameter is indicated for circular envelopes only).
Envelope type
Rectangular: Most machines have a rectangular envelope.
Circular: In some cases, e.g. DTM Sinterstation, the envelope is circular. When this parameter is
selected, values for the diameter and the height in Z will be needed as envelope dimensions.
Origin at platform center: Positions the origin of coordinates in the XY-plane on the platform
center. This part positioning can cause negative coordinates which cannot be saved in all slice
formats.
Locked areas
With this option areas can be defined or managed where it is not allowed to place Parts. The
"New" button adds a locked area to the list and can be adjusted with following parameters:
• Center in x: defines the absolute x position for the locked area in the envelope.
• Center in y: defines the absolute y position for the locked area in the envelope.
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280
• Radius: defines the absolute radius of the locked area.
The "Delete" button removes a selected area from the list.
Reference: Show build envelope, Calculate build costs, Move to envelope, Pick and rotate, Pick
and move, Generate slices, Generate hatches, Compensate shrinkage, Save as

Define machine
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Tab page Placement
Settings for placing parts in the build envelope.
These settings will be used by "Automatic placement" after file import and by "Realign parts" in
menu Process.
This tab page allows to customise the settings for the both placements methods Box based and
Shape based. For calculating the new positions the part get approximated and these
approximation is reflected in the both methods. Within the Box based placement the part is
approximated to an axis-aligned bounding Box, which results from the dimension along the X-,
Y- and Z-axis. The Shape based method uses a projection on the XY-plane of the part.
Parameter
Part position
Default point X: Defines the absolute X-value in the envelope where parts should be positioned
with their minimal X-dimensions as a standard.
Default point Y: Defines the absolute Y-value in the envelope where parts should be positioned
with their minimal Y-dimensions as a standard.
Platform center as reference: Sets the origin to the platform center and places the part center on
the XY-plane relative to the platform center in XY as a standard. For this parameter, the
standard part placement procedure based on the reference position is used for the automatic
arrangement of several parts in the envelope. The parts are placed circular around the platform
center.
Part placement: Defines the placing mode for the automatic arrangement of several parts in the
envelope. If part placement horizontal is active, parts are arranged in horizontal rows in the XYplane.
Part placement vertical arranges the parts in vertical columns in the XY-plane of the
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envelope. Part placement circular arranges the parts circularly around the defined reference
position in the XY-plane.
Apply 3D part nesting: Activates the 3D nesting mode when automatically arranging parts.
When 3D nesting is activated parts can be nested on top of each other if they didn’t fit on the
bottom plane of the build envelope. Using 3D nesting the available space within the build
envelope can optimally be used for a build job even regarding the top down dimension. This is
useful for machines that do not use support structures and therefore can build multiple parts on
top of each other (e.g. EOS P Plastic Sintering Machine).
Part start height: Defines the absolute Z-value in the envelope where parts should be positioned
with their minimal Z-dimension as a standard. This corresponds with the distance from the
bottom plane of the part to the platform. Slice models with calculated support structures ignore
this value. Instead, the part is positioned at the defined platform height.
282
Build area
Border space X: Defines the admissible distance between parts and the border of the envelope in
X-direction.
Border space Y: Defines the admissible distance between parts and the border of the envelope in
Y-direction.
Cover space Z: Defines the admissible distance between parts and the border of the envelope in
XY-direction.
Part spacing: This option defines the minimal part distance.
Platform height: Defines the platform position in Z. The automatic part placement sets the
minimum z-extension of the support structure one slice thickness above the defined platform
height. If the platform height corresponds with the origin of coordinates in Z, the lowest layer of
the processed part starts exactly at zero in Z. The displacment of the defined platform height to
the negative range can cause a permeation of the lowest layer of the part with the real machine
platform, if necessary.
Box & Shape based
Positioning method
Within this combo box it is possible to choose between different positioning methods. Following
methods are available.
Size ascending: the placement takes place in ascending order. This means that the part with the
least footprint is placed first at the reference point. Step by step will be the next higher footprint
adjusted.
Size descending: the placement takes place in descending order. This means that the part with
the highest footprint is placed first at the reference point. Step by step will be the next lower
footprint adjusted.
Highest first: the parts are sorted by their height in descending order at first and then placed one
after another.
The arrangement method Search optimum is only by Box based placement available and it
compares several placements qualitatively. “Maximum search steps” (see below) has to be set
for the calculation. The result with the best packing density is automatic applied to the parts.
Iterations
Box based

Defines the maximum search steps for Search optimum. More steps results in a longer
calculation time.
Rotation axis
Placement
When Search optimum is selected, then it is possible to allow a 90-degree rotation about the X-,
Y- or Z-axis to get a better result. A combination of the three axes is allowed as well. In doing so
a least height is preferred.
Rotation steps
Shape based
Activates the rotation at the placement and defines in what steps a part will be rotated, thus
how many angles should be tested. A small increment results in a lot of rotation tests, but can
achieve in better placement at the end.
Shape resolution
The shape resolution defines the precision of the shape contour. A low resolution can result in
an inaccurate projection. A high resolution needs more time to define the shape contour. The
default value of 200 pixels should be all right for the most parts. When the parts are more
complex, the resolution should be increased.
Positioning grid
The positioning grid defines the precision of the placement. A small grid results in a higher
calculation time, but with a big grid is maybe the use of the envelope not good enough.
Reference: Show build envelope, Calculate build costs, Move to envelope, Pick and rotate, Pick
and move, Generate slices, Generate hatches, Compensate shrinkage, Save as
283

Define machine
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Tap page Material
Contains all material related parameters for pre-processing. Material shrinkage is made up for by
the function compensate shrinkage by linear scaling of the part with defined shrinkage values.
In addition, the defined material price is used by the function Calculate build costs for estimating
material costs.
Properties
Name: Defines the name of the used material.
Shrinkage in XY: Determines the material shrinkage value in the contour plane.
Shrinkage in Z: Determines the material shrinkage value in build direction.
Measuring unit: The defined shrinkage values can either be given as absolute values in mm or as
factors in per cent of part dimensions. Interpretation as percentage factor is standard.
Costs
Build material: Defines build material costs per liter. The price used by the function Calculate
build costs for the computation of proportional material expenses of a building job.
Support material: Defines support material costs per liter. The price used by the function
Calculate build costs for the computation of proportional material expenses of a building job.
Reference: Show build envelope, Calculate build costs, Move to envelope, Pick and rotate, Pick
and move, Generate slices, Generate hatches, Compensate shrinkage, Save as
284

Define machine
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Tab page Process
Contains all process related parameters used for the calculation of machining time and expenses
within the scope of the function Calculate build costs.
Several different process parameters are shown dependent on the technology of the installation
chosen on tab page Common.
In case of 3-D printing, parameters for raster-based processes are shown. They are described on
the following page.
For all other technologies, the parameters described below are shown.
Build
Spot size: Determines the diameter of the beam which applies the material.
Border speed: Determines the average velocity of the machine during border set-up.
Support speed: Determines the average velocity of the machine during set-up of the supports.
Hatch speed: Determines the average velocity of the machine during set-up of the hatches.
Idle speed (power off): Determines the average velocity of the machine while moving without
curing any material.
Recoating time: Determines the time consumption for recoating between two layers.
Costs
Costs per hour: Defines the hourly rate of the machine.
Pre-processing: Defines a flat cost rate for preparation of a job. When costs are calculated, this
value can either be added to the actual build costs or not.
Post processing: Defines a flat cost rate for post processing a job. When costs are calculated,
this value can either be added to the actual build costs or not.
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Reference: Show build envelope, Calculate build costs, Move to envelope, Pick and rotate, Pick
and move, Generate slices, Generate hatches, Compensate shrinkage, Save as
286

Define machine
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Tab page Process (3D-Printing)
Contains all process related parameters used for the calculation of machining time and expenses
within the scope of the function Calculate build costs.
The parameters for raster-based processes described below are shown only when 3-D printing is
chosen on tab page Common.
Build
Printing head width: Defines the width of the streak produced by the printing head when curing
material.
Printing direction: Determines the traverse direction of the printing head when curing material.
Printing speed: Determines the average velocity of the printing head when curing material.
Traverse axis speed: Determines the average velocity of the printing head when moving
orthogonal to the printing direction.
Bi-directional printing: Determines whether the printing head is displaced by one stripe on a
return trip and material is cured on its way back (bi-directional), or whether the printing head
directly backs up, without offset and curing material on its way back (unidirectional).
Full envelope movement: In case of full envelope movement, the printing head entirely traverses
the whole envelope width resp. length in X- resp. Y-direction without account to the actual size
of the parts.
Recoating time: Determines the time consumption for recoating between two layers.
Costs
Costs per hour: Defines the hourly rate of the machine.
Pre-processing: Defines a flat cost rate for preparation of a job. When costs are calculated, this
value can either be added to the actual build costs or not.
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Post processing: Defines a flat cost rate for post processing a job. When costs are calculated,
this value can either be added to the actual build costs or not.
Themenbezug: Show build envelope, Calculate build costs, Move to envelope, Pick and rotate,
Pick and move, Generate slices, Generate hatches, Compensate shrinkage
288

Define machine
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Tab page Layer
Contains all parameters concerning basic set-up and generation of the layer geometry.
Layer composition
Spot compensation: Defines the value for spot size compensation in return for radius deviation in
build paths. As a general rule, the value for the radius should be in accordance with half the
value of the beam diameter (tab page Process). However, both values can be defined
independently in the database. Spot size compensation can be implemented either before
execution of the function Generate hatches or before the function Generate supports.
Default slice thickness: Defines the default value for the slice thickness in use. The default value
is employed as specification by the functions Generate slices and Calculate build costs (only in
the triangular part).
Minimum slice thickness: Defines the least admissible slice thickness. The function Calculate
variable thickness uses this value for the generation of defined variable slice thickness.
Maximum slice thickness: Defines the greatest admissible slice thickness. The function Calculate
variable thickness uses this value for the generation of defined variable slice thickness.
Slice thickness steps: Defines the increment for admissible slice thickness in-between the
defined minimum and maximum slice thickness. The function Calculate variable thickness uses
this value for the generation of defined variable slice thickness.
Path generation
From inside to outside: Build paths for the generation of slices are arranged from inside to
outside. Thereby, in each layer, hatches are synthesised at first and contours afterwards. If
hatching with border offset and hollow space is used, inner hatching is likewise build before
outer hatching.
From outside to inside: Build paths for the generation of slices are arranged from outside to
inside. Thereby, in each layer, contours are synthesised at first and hatching afterwards. If
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hatching with border offset and hollow space is used, outer hatching is likewise build before
inner hatching.
Reference: Show build envelope, Calculate build costs, Move to envelope, Pick and rotate, Pick
and move, Generate slices, Generate hatches, Compensate shrinkage, Save as
290

Define machine
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Tab page Hatches
Contains all function parameters of Generate hatches for the generation of paths for the contour
filling.
The function Calculate build costs uses the defined parameters immediately for the estimation of
hatching, if hatching has not been calculated previously.
There are three different basic types available for the generation of hatches. They can be
adjusted by several different parameters and combined as desired.
• Hatching for the inner hatch describes the standard type of hatching for filling the
material surface between the inner and outer contours.
• Hatching for the skin fill can be used to fill overhang and overlap areas different from the
inner hatch.
• Hatching generated by border offset (2D-offset) runs parallel to the contour outlines by a
defined distance.
Inner hatch standard hatching Inner hatch with connected hatches
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Complete filling with border offset Combined inner hatch and border offset
The combination of the three basic types generates a hollow structure, which realises a defined
wall thickness in the contour plane (XY) by border offset, and a defined wall thickness in the
building direction (Z) by skin fill hatching. The remaining hollow space is filled with inner
hatching. In order to reduce build time, an incompletely self-contained structure, e.g. the grid
structure on the right, is especially suited.
Finally, the way hatching is generated depends on the process principles of the chosen machine
as well as on the material used by the machine. Thus, the VisCAM RP hatch generator supports
all significant methods of hatching of the prevalent RP-procedures. The methods of hatching can
be adapted flexibly by the subsequently listed parameters to the particular procedure.
Inner hatch
• Hatch angle: Determines the angle of hatching in relation to the X-axis. Some RPprocedures
are restricted to the use of hatches parallel to an axis. Independent from the
process in use, the hatch generator always supports any hatch angles (e.g. 23.75
degrees).
• Hatch space: Defines the distance between individual hatches. In order to generate a
self-contained contour plane, this value should be half the beam diameter (tab page
Process) at the maximum.
• Border space: Defines the distance from the hatches to the boundary of the contours.
The border space depends on the chosen kind of contour contact.

Hatches
• Alternate: Depending on the defined hatch angle, hatching in successive layers is
perpendicular to hatching in the previous layer.
• Cross: Depending on the defined hatch angle, a grid structure consisting of hatch lines at
right angles with each other will be generated in each single layer. The grid distance
corresponds thereby with the defined hatch distance. If this type of hatching is applied,
there will be superposition in the cross-over points of the grid, so "cross" is not suitable
for processes with continuous provision of material, e.g. FDM.
Unsorted parallel hatching Block sorted hatching
• Block sort: Without block sort, hatches are arranged entirely in parallel running tracks in
the contour plane. Thus, in case of split hatches (e.g. because of a hole contour in the
contour plane), a jump instruction in rapid traverse (without coating) simply moves along
the hatch line to the next hatch vector (cp. fig. top left). As a consequence, an
accumulation of unnecessarily long traverse paths in rapid traverse can occur in case of
contours with large or lots of single hole contours.
Block sort optimises build paths in the contour plane. Moving in rapid traverse straight
from a discontinued hatch line to the take-off point of the next hatch unit on the
adjacent hatch vector forms a hatch block. It ends when the traverse path to the
adjoining hatch line intersects with the boundary of the contour. In this case, the
machine moves on to the take-off point of the next block in rapid traverse (cp. fig. top
right).
HINT: Block sort is necessary for all procedures with continuous material flow, e.g. the
FDM process, but it is also recommended for other RP machines.
• Connected: Joins the transition between the endpoints of two adjacent hatch lines
within a hatch block by an additional hatch vector (in case of a shortfall of border space,
the connection is conducted in a defined distance along the contour). Thereby, a
continuous build path without any leaps in rapid traverse inside the hatch blocks is
generated.
INFO: This parameter can be chosen only when block sort is activated, and moreover, it
is necessary for all procedures with continuous provision of material, e.g. the FDM
process.
• Border contact: Defines the way the hatches contact the boundaries of the contours.
When border contact none is selected, the defined border space exists between all
generated hatches and the boundaries. If both sides is selected, the defined border space
is ignored and hatching is generated without distance to the boundaries of the contours.
• Calculate on each ... slice: Special option for the reduction of the machining time of
Meiko stereolithographie installations. At this, hatching in the interior of the part is only
generated on a specified number of slices (every second, third, etc.). When they are
build, these slices are generated with a higher laser power and a deeper penetration.
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Skin fill
For all other machines, "Calculate on each slice" should be preset so that this option
does not have any effect on the generation of the hatching.
HINT: If you use this option for Meiko installation, the generation of skin fill slices should
be enabled. It is recommended to set the number of skin fill slices to one (1) and to
define all other parameters for hatch generation identical to the values of the inner hatch.
Skin fill slices are then generated on every slice, whereby the quality of the built parts is
improved.
In addition, the Border contact should be set to "Both sides", and the option
"Connected" should be enabled. Thus, the hatching in the interior runs as far as resp.
directly on the contour of the part, whereby the contour of the part is generated. This is
necessary because the traverse paths for the contour are not output in slices with higher
laser power.
Hatch angle: See inner hatch.
Hatch space: See inner hatch.
Border space: See inner hatch.
Skin fill slices: The thickness of the skin fill is defined by the number of slices in which hatches
of the discerned overhang and overlap areas are generated. Wall thickness in direction of
construction (Z) is therefore defined as a multiple of slice thickness only.
Alternate: See inner hatch.
Cross: See inner hatch.
Block sort: See inner hatch.
Connected: See inner hatch.
Border contact: See inner hatch.
Border offset
Offset space: Defines the distance between the individual border offsets. In order to generate a
self-contained offset area, this value should be half the spot diameter (tab page Process) at the
maximum. After the input of the offset space, the generated wall thickness is recalculated and
displayed automatically.
Offset number: Defines the number of the border offsets that have to be generated. After the
input of the offset number, the generated wall thickness is recalculated and displayed
automatically.
Wall thickness: Defines the wall thickness that has to be generated in the contour plane (XY).
The wall thickness is calculated from the multiplication of the offset space with the offset
number. The input for the wall thickness may only be a multiple of the offset space. In case of
deviations, the input is automatically rounded to a valid value. The offset number is
automatically adapted to fit the new wall thickness and it is displayed.
Total offset filling: With this method of hatching, the whole of the contour area is filled with
border offset. Depending on the calibration of the layer path organisation (tab page Layer), the
border offset arrangement runs either from the boundaries to the inside or from the outside of
the contour area outwards to the boundaries.
Reference: Show build envelope, Calculate build costs, Move to envelope, Pick and rotate, Pick
and move, Generate slices, Generate hatches, Compensate shrinkage, Save as

Define machine
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Tap page Support
Contains all parameters of the function Generate supports for the generation of the support
structure.
The function Calculate build costs uses the defined parameters for the estimation of hatching, if
hatching has not been calculated previously.
Support generation produces additional support geometry for overhanging contour areas as well
as for the bottom plane in order to assure support and bracing of the parts with the build
platform during processing. After the production of the parts, the support structure will be
removed.
The support generation is performed immediately on the slice model. It uses a raster-based
approach on the basis of voxels (three dimensional volume elements).
Support volume
Initial point of support generation is the computation of a "support volume" that envelopes the
parts entirely and assigns the areas that need support. The size of the support volume is a result
of the part dimensions, and in addition, it can be affected by the parameter grid offset. The
support volume is divided in the XY-plane into a uniform lattice consisting of single cells,
whereby the break down conforms to the parameters for cell size. The division in Z direction is
predetermined by slice thickness. The generated support volume specifies thus a threedimensional
field consisting of even voxels.
Four adjacent volume elements in XY and a number of slices lying one upon the other, that
correspond with the voxel height, are combined in one "voxel" at a time. In direction of Z, the
support volume is divided into several "floors", whereby the support structure is calculated
separately for each floor. Each floor consists of 2n voxels; n corresponds to the value of the
floor height.
For the generation of the support structure, the parts are blended in layers top down with the
support volume. Thereby, voxels belonging to the geometry of the part are identified. Voxels
lying right underneath are at first declared as voxels with a support function. Afterwards, the
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next slice is blended with the support volume. If a voxel with support function is now detected
to belong the geometry of the part, the support function is rescinded for this voxel.
In the end, a specification of the required support volume results. It is composed of all voxels
with support function. Due to the raster, the accuracy of the illustration of the support volume
depends on the applied resolution that goes by the specified cell sizes.
Support structure
Starting from the generated support volume, the support geometry is produced. It fills out the
support volume with a minimum required so it is sufficiently stable at the contour border and can
be removed easily afterwards.
At first, all of the voxels that lie entirely in the support volume are declared as "socket cells".
Those voxels that lie only partly in the support volume and that have direct contact to the part
are declared as "support cells", and they are treated separately. The support geometry produced
thereby is supplemented resp. enhanced in separate areas by the two geometric types bridges
and pillars. Underneath the part is a support socket that connects the part with the build
platform.
Socket cells: Adjacent socket cells are combined into larger socket sells and thus "thinned out".
The maximum size of those combined cells can be defined by the parameter socket cell max.
The sidewalls of the socket cells are generated in layers by two ravelled support edges whose
distance to each other enlarges gradually towards the voxel center. Due to this results a
diamond pattern in Z-direction. The diamond height results from the defined voxel height. The
defined Tip size fixes the maximum length of the support edge in the voxel center, by what
indirectly the diamond width in XY is defined. The top surfaces of the cells are composed of
single support edges to form a reticule, whereby the grid size conforms to the defined cell size.
Voxels that lie on top are automatically arranged correctly on the top surface of a socket cell,
since likewise, the minimum extent of a voxel in XY goes by the defined cell size. In this way, a
dynamic voxel expansion with a minimum of filled support volume is realised.
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Sidewalls of the socket cells Top grid of the socket cells

Contact region in Z Pin contact Single point contact
Support
Support cells: Support cells define the regions of the support volume where the support
geometry is tied to the parts. Thus, no cover grid is needed for support cells. Prior to the
generation of connecting geometry, adjacent support cells are combined into larger support cells
and thus "thinned out". The maximum size of those combined cells can be defined by the
parameter support cell max. In order to keep the contact to the part and the support volume at a
minimum at the same time, the connection is realised by a so-called "pin contact" as a standard.
In this connection, small support edges in the form of support crosses are generated in the
corners of the sidewalls of each cell. Their length is defined by the parameter pin size. (The
maximum length of the cross edges corresponds thus to the double value of the pin size.) In
direction of Z, the height of the pin goes by the defined voxel height. An even slighter contact to
the part can be achieved by the application of single-point contacts. This function generates only
one support edge with a length of zero in each of the corners of a support cell. This produces a
single support point whose maximum dimensions correspond to the spot size of the employed
machine. Single-point contacts are generated if the value for the parameter support point at is
larger than or equal to the value for pin size.
Support socked incl. part in 2D Generated support socked without part in 3D
Support socket: Underneath the part, a support socket connecting the part with the build
platform is generated. The support socket consists of the support socket base linked to the build
platform, and the socket set-up that lies on top. The height of the socket basis can be adjusted
to a defined slice thickness by the parameter base height, whereas at least one base layer is
produced. The socket base is generated as a stable reticule with grid cells corresponding to the
engendered voxels, and the shape of the socked base corresponds to the generated support
volume. The lowest connection layer of the socket set-up lying above the socket base is made
up by the generation of the cover grid on top of each base cell. All further socket layers are
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engendered by the procedure for the generation of support structure in the manner described
above. The height of the socket set-up is defined by the parameter socket height. The overall
height of the support socket results from the socket height plus the base height.
Bridges: In order to firm up small contour parts, additional bridge supports are inserted in the
support geometry. Bridges for a contour area are generated as soon as the contour dimensions in
X or Y lie below the defined bridge size. Bridge supports connect the upper corners of the
contact voxels with a continuous support edge in the direction of X or Y. Thus, the connection
of supplementary bridge supports to the part is equivalent to a partial application of wall contact
in the form of a connection line in-between two support points. In addition, the parameter bridge
height determines the number of slices over which the bridges run. With bridge height 1, bridge
supports are only generated in the slice underneath the supported area. In case of a bridge
height larger than 1, the highest layer of the bridge is engendered within the slice of the contour
part that has to be supported. All further bridges are generated in lower layers.
Generated bridges with a small contour draw Generated supports with large overhang
Pillars: In case of individual grid points with support function isolated in the support volume (i.e.
without connection to other cells or voxels with support function), supplementary pillar supports
are inserted in the support structure. This may especially occur in case of small contour isles
that project entirely over the dimensions of the bottom plane and that are not linked to other
contours of lower layers (cp. fig. on top). Pillars are generated from single support edges whose
length is defined by the pillar size. The connection of additional pillar supports to the part thus
corresponds to with a partial use of the support type pin tip.
Support intersection: In order to prevent support elements from running to close to a contour or
from permeating contours, all supports within the defined contour space are intersected with the
contours of the part. Supports whose distance to a contour is below the contour space are
shortened accordingly.
298
Contour plane
Cell size X: Defines the standard value for the size of cells in X. Due to the raster of the support
volume, the employed cell size must result in a whole-numbered quantity of cells. Hence, the
actual value for cell size in X corresponds to the largest value below the defined standard value
that still permits a whole-numbered splitting of the dimensions of the support volume in X.
Cell size Y: Defines the standard value for the size of cells in Y. Due to the raster of the support
volume, the employed cell size must result in a whole-numbered quantity of cells. Hence, the
actual value for cell size in Y corresponds to the largest value below the defined standard value
that still permits a whole-numbered splitting of the dimensions of the support volume in Y.

Grid offset: Admits a change in the size of support volume. When the support volume is
calculated, grid offset is added to the part dimensions. A positive value signifies therefore an
enlargement of the support volume, a negative value a diminution respectively.
Support
Contour space: Causes an ex post elimination of generated support elements whose distance to
a contour section in XY is smaller than the defined value. Thus the unsupported section of a
contour may be enlarged and an unintentional permeation of support elements and contours can
be prevented. The supplementary intersection of support elements may indeed result in an
interruption of the support structure (i.e. components of a support pillar may hover). Therefore,
this value should not be any larger than the spot size defined on tab page Process.
Bridge size: Defines the tolerance value for the support of short contour draws by supplementary
bridge supports.
Slice height
Voxel height: Defines the number of layers within the generated cells.
Floor height: Defines the factor for the combination of voxels in separate floors within the
support volume.
Socket height: Defines the number of layers for the socket set-up.
Base height: Defines the number of layers for the socket basis. At least one basic layer is
generated at any rate, wherefore the minimum value for base height is 1.
Bridge height: Defines the number of layers over which the generated bridges run.
Support geometry
Pin size: Defines the value of the radius for the width of pin contacts.
Tip size: Defines the maximum length of the support edges at the voxel center.
Pillar size: Defines the value of the radius for the width of pillar supports.
Support type: Defines if to thin out (Rhomb) the supports or to create them continuous (Wall).
Support refinement
Support cell max: Defines the value for the maximum size of composite contact voxels in XY.
Socket cell max: Defines the value for the maximum size of composite support voxels in XY.
Support point at: Defines the maximum value for the generation of point contacts. As soon as
the defined pin size is less than or equal to this value, point contacts are generated instead of
pin contacts.
Refine priority: Defines the sorting of the supports for the traverse path.
Reference: Show build envelope, Calculate build costs, Move to envelope, Pick and rotate, Pick
and move, Generate slices, Generate hatches, Compensate shrinkage, Save as
299

Show build envelope
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Displays the build envelope of the selected machine in the model view
If this function is enabled, the defined envelope is displayed in the 3D view of the workspace.
You can define the build envelope on tab page Envelope in the Machine database, and the view
settings via the function Set envelope layout.
Reference: Set envelope layout, Define machine
300

Set envelope layout
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Defines the layout of the displayed build envelope
Via this dialog, you can define the layout of the displayed build envelope in the 3D view. For
this, the option "Show build envelope" must be enabled.
Dialog Set envelope layout
Show envelope walls: If this option is enabled, the vertical walls of the envelope are displayed in
the 3D view.
Show platform grid: If this option is enabled, a grid is displayed on the bottom of the
envelope,which may be very instrumental for individual part placement in the envelope.
Size of the grid: Defines the distance in between the grid lines.
Reference: Show build envelope, Define machine
301

Select part
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Allows the selection of a single part
If this function is enabled, you can select individual parts within the workspace. You can only
enable this function if the workspace contains more than one part.
Reference:
302

Align to bottom plane
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Aligns the parts with a selectable bottom planes facing the build platform
With this function you can select a plane of the active part as the bottom plane, which will be
transformed so that it is parallel to the build platform.
Reference: Align to side plane
303

Align to side plane
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Aligns the parts with a selectable side planes facing the xz-plane of the build platform
With this function you can select a plane of the active part as the side plane, which will be
transformed so that it is parallel to the xz-plane of the build platform.
Hold down the left ALT key while selecting the side plane of the part to perform side plane
alignment without losing the bottom plane alignment . Holding down the ALT key restricts the
rotation to rotation around the Z axis.
Reference: Align to bottom plane
304

Orientate parts
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Orientates all active parts in the workspace on the basis of their minimal bounding geometry.
This function calculates for all parts a bounding Box with a minimal enclosing volume. On the
basis of this bounding Box, the parts will be oriented in the build envelope. The way of doing the
orientation can be set in the appropriate Dialog Orientate part.
Dialog Orientate part
Orientation method
Least height: The part will be set on the side, so that the smallest dimension along the Z-Axis is
given.
Least footprint: The part will be set on the side, so that the side of the bounding box with the
smallest area is parallel to the XY-plane.
Align longest part side to
X-Axis: The longest side of the bounding box in the XY-plane will be aligned to the X-Axis.
Y-Axis: The longest side of the bounding box in the XY-plane will be aligned to the Y-Axis.
Orientation options
Turn part half with higher mass to bottom
When this option is selected, then the side with the with the higher mass will point down.
Otherwise the side with the with the higher mass will point up.
Apply automatic placement after orientation
When this option is selected, an automatic placement will be executed after the orientation took
place. Appropriate setting of the placement can be adjusted under Placement options.
Reference: Placement options
305

Place parts
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Automatically places parts
This function allows a new arrangement of the parts within the envelope. At this, different ways
of part placement can be used. Before the realigning take pace, the Define mchine tab page
Placement options will be opened to assign the according settings.
HINT: Prior to an automatic placing, an active machine ("Define machine") has to be chosen.
Box based placement will align the parts based on their axis-aligned bounding box.
Shape based placement on the other hand uses the projection shade of the part on the XY-plane.
For a description of the single entries see Placement options in Menu Options.
Reference: Define machine, Placement options
306

Move to envelope
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Moves selected parts into the build envelope
Using this function, you can move the currently selected part into the build envelope. At this,
part placement depends on the settings in the dialog Define machine.
In principle, the part is moved to the reference position (Define machine - Part position). If the
part does not fit into the envelope or if it collides with another part when it is moved to the
reference position, the part is placed to the closest position to the reference where it fits into the
envelope and does not collide with another part.
If the option Platform center as reference (Define machine - Part position) is enabled, the part is
moved to the platform center.
HINT: If the workspace contains more than one part, you must select one of the parts with the
function Select part first before this part can be moved into the envelope.
Reference: Realign parts, Define machine, Select part
307

Analyse wall thickness
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Analyses the wall thickness of the model and displays the result coloured on the model
This function analyses the wall thickness of a model on the basis of the given parameters. If
certain areas are found, they will be displayed on the model and listed within the dialog.
Dialog Analyse wall thickness
Thickness range
Thickness values and colors for different thickness ranges can be entered here.
Critical areas
All found areas are listed here, sorted by color and size.
Ignore areas: areas below the given size will not be displayed.
Calculate:
Start analysing the wall thickness of the model.
Reference:
308

Compensate shrinkage
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Compensates material shrinkage when building the parts
Using this function, you can compensate the material shrinkage that occurs when the part is
built. To what extent the shrinkage is compensated depends on the settings defined on tab page
Material of the dialog Define machine.
Reference: Define machine
309

Generate hulls and cores
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Calculates and generates hulls and cores for the selected model
A solid model will be translated into a shell model with one or two shells and a core. The core
itself can be a solid, an empty volume, or it can be filled
with an internal structure.
Dialog Generate hulls and cores:
Outer hull
Defines the thickness of the outer shell.
Inner hull
Defines the thickness of the inner shell (optional).
Core type
The appearance of the core (hollow, filled, structure) .
Accuracy
The interior shell-surfaces will be calculated with the given
accuracy (rough, average, fine) or with User defined
settings. The outer surface of the model will stay
untouched in any case.
Deviation
Defines the allowed variation from the specified offset
value.
Memory demand
The given Deviation determines the number of new created
triangles and thus the storage requirement during the offset
computation. The memory demand is only rough estimated
and refers to the temporarly generated triangles. By
optimization of the calculated surface the result has clearly
fewer triangles.
Structure
Unify: If this option is enabled, the core structure will be
merged together with the inner shell surface. (not available
on multiple shells)
Stability: A core structure element is considered as being stable if the contact areas at all six
sides are sufficiently sized.
Symmetry: If symmetry is given, then the core structure elements can be easily merged to build
the core structure. Otherwise a more time consuming unification is necessary. Symmetry is only
necessary at the six contact areas. Therefore only these areas are checked for symmetry.
Add: New core structure elements can be added to the element list.
Delete: The selected core structure element will be deleted from the list.
Calculate
Starts the calculation.
310

Reference: Hollow model, Generate structure
Generate hulls and cores
311

Generate structure
Menu: Process No icon No short cut
Generates a structure model from the active part.
A solid model will be translated into a model composed of small structure elements.
Dialog Generate structure
Structure
invert: If this option is enabled, the structure model will be
subtracted from the original model.
Stability: A structure element is considered as being stable
if the contact areas at all six sides are sufficiently sized.
Symmetry: If symmetry is given, then the structure
elements can be easily merged to build the structure.
Otherwise a more time consuming unification is necessary.
Symmetry is only necessary at the six contact areas.
Therefore only these areas are checked for symmetry.
Add: New structure elements can be added to the element
list.
Delete: The selected structure element will be deleted from
the list.
Calculate
Starts the calculation.
Close
Cancels the structure generation.
Example:
before calculation calculation result
Reference: Generate hulls and cores, Hollow model
312

Generate slices
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Generates discrete slices for the 3D model
Slice generation slices the three-dimensional geometry of a part into discrete layers parallel to
the xy-plane. The cutting planes are defined in specified distances along the z-axis. The result of
the slicing is a sequence of parallel cross sections of the part, which are referred to as slices.
The distance between the cutting planes along the z-axis is referred to as layer thickness. The
slice thickness determines the accuracy of the part and it has a significant effect on build time
and build costs.
Every generated slice consists of several contours, which correspond to the section curves of
the part surface in the slice plane.
Insofar, contours define the boundary between the part and its surroundings. Every contour
consists of exactly one external border curve (outloop) and a variable number of inner border
curves (inloop). At this, every border curve is represented by a closed poly line. The area in
between the outloop and the inloop is referred to as material or contour area.
Slicing
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VisCAM Help 4.0
As a default all parts contained within the build envelope are used for building slices. The slice
contours are generated separately for every part. Thus parts can be separately edited or
positioned after the slice generation.
If parts have been selected before the slice generation it is possible to generate slices only for
the these ones or for all parts.
In this case a dialog shown as above is displayed before generating slices.
After the slice generation has finished VisCAM automatically activates the slice module and
displays the created slices of the workspace (i.e. Slices).
The actual 3D data is not deleted but remains within the workspace. Using the functions
Triangles and Slices it is possible to switch between the different representations.
If there are already slices within the workspace a dialog box is presented asking whether the
slices can be overwritten. If so the slice data is overwritten, otherwise a new workspace is
created for the generated slices.
Dialog Slice facets
314

Shrinkage compensation:
Compensates part shrinkage that depends on the material.
Generate slices
A linear scaling of the 3D model is implemented before slice generation for shrinkage
compensation. At this, the compensation factors defined in the machine database (tab page
material) are applied in build direction (z-axis) and in the xy-plane.
If a shrinkage compensation has already been applied to the 3D model, this part of the dialog is
not displayed.
Slice parameters:
Slicing can be controlled by the slice parameters. Here, you can define the layer thickness as
well as the slicing range. By default, the part is sliced along the z-axis from top to bottom.
You can also restrict slice generation to a defined range of the part by changing the initial value
and the terminal value.
• Layer thickness: Defines the layer thickness of the generated slices. The default layer
thickness of the current machine defined in the machine database (tab page layer) is preselected
as default value.
• Start slicing at: Defines the lowest section plane for slice generation. The minimal height
of the parts in the direction of z is preset as default specification.
• End slicing at: Defines the topmost section plane for slice generation. The maximal
height of the parts in the direction of z is preset as default specification.
Dialog Advanced options
Using this dialog you can define additional settings for the control of the optimization and the
repair of the generated slice contours.
Normally, preset values need not be adjusted and they can be used for most RP machines
without any changes. However, it is recommended to adjust the values for RP machines with an
accuracy of less than 1 mm or more than 0.01 mm by making it more or less exact.
Optimize parameters
Optimize contour curves automatically deletes all contour points whose effect on the contour
geometry is below the defined accuracy.
The contour resolution can influence the amount of data of a slice part. You can adapt the
amount of data to the process accuracy by optimizing the contour curves (see also Recalculate
contour resolution).
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Delete contours without surface: If this option is activated, contours without any computable
surface are filtered and deleted during slice generation.
Contours without surface can originate in walls and vertices of a part that do not have a wall
thickness. These should be deleted as they might induce errors when the slice is built.
Connect Parameters
Gaps and holes within the surface of the parts may result in open contours when generating
slices. This may lead into problems when building the part caused by the missing differentiation
between the material surface and the part environment.
Auto connection: A search algorithm tries to close gaps within the contour using a definable
range.
Delete open contours: If activated open contours are deleted when they remain open after using
the auto connection function. If the option is unselected open contours are just being connected
on the open ends. So the contours are being closed in any case. A correct representation of the
model geometry is not guarantied.
In addition contour intersections and degenerated edges are automatically removed. This errors
originate from overlapping or intersecting triangles in the triangle surface. Incorrect attached
surfaces within the CAD model are the origin of such triangles.
Because of the orientation of the contour a contour intersection may lead into errors when
building the slice. A correct differentiation between the material surface and the environment
may not be possible. Contours with intersections are cut at the intersection and split into
contours that are minimally different (0.001 mm).
Additionally degenerated contour edges are automatically detected and filtered. (i.e. fig. 3 - 4).
316

fig. 1: contour intersection
Generate slices
317

VisCAM Help 4.0
318
fig. 2: detached intersection

fig. 3: degenerated edges
Generate slices
319

VisCAM Help 4.0
320
fig.4: detached edge intersection
Reference: Slices, Facets, Compensate shrinkage, Recalculate contour resolution, Slice options,
Define machine

Generate hatches
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Generates hatching for the slice model according to the defined hatch parameters
Preliminary to hatch generation, all existing hatches of the slice model are deleted.
Compensation of material shrinkage as well as spot size compensation may be conducted
optionally on the slice model before hatch generation. After hatch generation, the produced
hatches are displayed in the slice model.
HINT: In case of selected single slice display (Show single slice), the spot size compensation as
well as the entire hatch paths can optionally be displayed by activating the corresponding view
parameters in Slice options.
Hatch dialog:
Shrinkage compensation:
Compensates part shrinkage that depends on the material. For compensation, linear enlargement
(scaling) of the slice model according to the shrinkage factors in the XY-plane defined in the
Machine database (tab page Material) is performed.
This part of the dialog will not be shown if shrinkage compensation has already been conducted
on the 3D-model.
Spot size compensation:
Compensates spot size deviation on the traverse paths of the slice model. For compensation, all
contours of the slice model are transferred in direction of the material surface by the value for
spot size compensation defined in the Machine database (tab page Layer).
After spot size compensation, hatching is generated inside the compensated contour areas.
Alternatively, hatch generation can also be produced directly in the original contour areas
without spot size compensation.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
HINT: If spot size compensation should not be conducted in any case, since the machine
software will generate it automatically, e.g., it is recommended to set the value for spot size
compensation in the machine database to zero.
Hatching parameters:
The way hatching is generated conforms to the parameters defined in the Machine database (tab
page Volume), which can be seen and modified at any time by the invocation of Define hatch
style.
HINT: If in case of multiple parts, hatching with different parameters shall be generated, this can
be realised by a prior selection of individual parts (Select part). If a single part is selected,
hatching is automatically generated for this part only. When selecting further parts, different
hatching parameters can be defined for them.
Referecence: Build preparation, Define machine, select part, Compensate shrinkage, Show
hatches, Slice options, Show single slice
322

Delete hatches
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Deletes the hatches of the selected part
Using this function, you can delete the hatches of the parts in the current workspace. If the
current workspace contains several parts, you can delete the hatches of individual parts if you
select these parts using the function Select part prior to the deletion of the hatches. In case no
parts are selected, the hatches of all parts contained in the workspace are deleted.
HINT: You need not delete all existing hatch data using this function if you want to generate
new hatching using the function Generate hatches (existing hatch data is automatically deleted
before a recalculation).
Reference: Generate hatches, Select part
323

Show hatches
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Displays the hatches of the parts in the model view
If this function is enabled, hatching of the parts is displayed in the model view.
Reference: Generate hatches
324

Generate supports
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Generates supports for the slice model according to the defined support parameters
Previous to support generation, all the existing supports of the slice model are deleted.
Compensation of material shrinkage as well as spot size compensation can be conducted
optionally in the slice model before support generation. After support generation, the resulting
support structures are displayed in the slice model.
Hint: In case of selected single slice display ("Show single slice"), spot size compensation can
optionally be pictured, too, if the corresponding view parameters in Slice options are selected.
Support dialog:
Shrinkage compensation:
Compensates part shrinkage which depends on the material. For compensation, a linear
enlargement (scaling) of the slice model according to the shrinkage factors in the XY-plane
defined in the machine database (tab page material) is performed.
This part of the dialog will not be shown if shrinkage compensation has already been conducted
on the 3D-model.
Spot size compensation:
Compensates spot size deviation on the contour paths of the slice model. For compensation, all
contours of the slice model are transferred in direction of the material surface by the value for
spot size compensation defined in the machine database (tab page layer).
325

VisCAM Help 4.0
After spot size compensation, supports are generated on the basis of the compensated contour
areas. Alternatively, support generation can also be produced directly on the original contour
areas without spot size compensation.
If the slices have been generated intra-VisCAM, the use of contours with spot size compensation
for support generation is pre-set automatically. However, in case of an imported slice model, it is
assumed that the contours in the slice data file already contain spot size compensation and that
it does not have to be performed again. Therefore, the use of original contours without
compensation is pre-set in this case. .
Hint: If spot size compensation should not be conducted in any case, since it will be generated
by the machine software automatically, for instance, it is recommended to set the value for spot
size compensation in the machine database to zero.
Support parameters:
The way supports are generated conforms to the parameters defined in the machine database
(tab page Support), which can be seen and modified at any time by the invocation of Define
support style.
Calculate supports up to slice number:
As a standard, all slices are always considered when supports are generated, wherefore the
value indicated at the invocation of support generation complies with the topmost slice of the
supported part. By input of a subjacent slice number, support generation can be limited to this
slice height. This makes sense if, for example, only the bottom or the lower region of the part
shall be supported.
Generate supports for each part separately:
The generated supports always start of with the support socket that links the part to the
platform. The dimensions of the support socket in the XY-plane go by the maximum dimensions
of the part which has to be supported.
If the generation of individual supports for each part is switched off, all supported parts are
joined together by one single support socket. The dimensions of the support socket in the XYplane
correspond to the dimensions in XY of all supported parts. The parts that are combined by
the support socket are regarded as one single part afterwards and they cannot be handled
separately anymore.
If the generation of individual supports for each part is active, the supports for each part are
produced separately. Consequently, each part has its own support socket whose dimensions are
in accordance with the dimensions on the XY-plane of the respective part. Then, the supported
parts can still be handled separately, even after support generation
Hint: If, in case of individual parts, supports with different parameters are supposed to be
generated, this can be realised by a previous selection of individual parts ("Select part") in Build
preparation. If a single part is selected, supports are automatically generated for this part only.
When selecting further parts, different support parameters can be defined for them.
Referecence: Build preparation, Define machine, Select part, Compensate shrinkage, Slice
options, Show single slice
326

Delete supports
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Deletes the supports of the selected parts
Using this function, you can delete the supports of the parts in the current workspace. If the
current workspace contains several parts, you can delete the supports of individual parts by a
previous selection of these parts using the function Select part. In case no parts are selected,
the supports of all parts contained in the workspace are deleted.
Reference: Generate supports, Select part
327

Calculate build costs
Menu: Process Icon: No short cut
Calculates the machining time and expenses for the selected parts
The function for cost estimation is based on the predefined parameters for hatches, process data
and material data, which must be specified in advance in Define Machine.
In addition, the estimation type depends on the currently selected representation of the
workspace (current build envelope). The cost estimation can be based on the facet part as well
as on the slice part.
Furthermore, cost estimation depends on the currently selected parts. If one or more parts are
selected, cost estimation applies to those parts only. Otherwise, all parts in the current
workspace are included.
HINT: Cost calculation based on the slice part is more exact in principle, as it relies directly on
data that the machine will process later on as well. In contrast, cost estimation based on the
facet part is faster, as slice data, hatch data and support data need not be calculated
beforehand.
Dialog Cost estimation (Facet part)
328

Use support estimation
Calculate build costs
Here you can choose whether to include the support geometry in the estimation or not.
(Supports do not exist in the facet part and therefore they can only be estimated.)
Supports >>
Using this button you can directly call the dialog of the function Define machine and then edit
the support parameters there.
Preprocessing
Here you can enter a flat rate for data preparation (repair of STL data, data conversion, …).
Material costs
The material costs result from the following parameters:
Part volume: The volume of the parts to be built calculated by the system.
Support volume: The volume of the support geometry estimated by the system (estimated
value).
Build material: Price of the used build material.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Support material: Price of the used support material.
Machine costs
The machine costs result from the following parameters:
Part height: The height (dimension in Z) of the parts.
Support height: Area between zero and the lower edge of the part where only supports are
generated.
Layer thickness: Slice thickness of the build job.
Part speed: Area exposure speed for the geometry of the part.
Support speed: Area exposure speed for support geometry.
Recoating time: The time the machine needs after finishing one layer before it can process the
next layer. (leveling, recoating, ...)
Build time: The build time resulting from the above parameters.
Hourly rate: Hourly rate of the machine used for processing this job.
Hatches >>
Using this button you can directly call the dialog of the function Define machine and then edit
the hatch parameters there.
Postprocessing
Here you can enter a flat rate for postprocessing the manufactured parts.
Total costs
The sum of the above estimated costs is shown here. Only the activated cost types are
included.
Process data >>
Opens the dialog of the function Define machine, so you can edit the process data.
Material data>>
Opens the dialog of the function Define machine, so you can edit the material data.
Dialog Cost calculation (Slice part)
330

Use support estimation
Calculate build costs
Here you can choose whether to estimate nonexistend support geometry. This option is only
available if supports have not been calculated yet.
Supports >>
Using this button you can directly call the dialog of the function Define machine and then edit
the support parameters there.
Use hatch estimation
Here you can choose whether to estimate nonexistend hatching. This option is only available if
hatching have not been calculated yet.
Hatches >>
331

VisCAM Help 4.0
Using this button you can directly call the dialog of the function Define machine and then edit
the hatch parameters there.
Process preparation
Here you can enter a flat rate for data preparation (repair of STL data, data conversion, …).
Material costs
The material costs result from the following parameters:
Part volume: The volume of the parts to be built calculated by the system.
Support volume: The volume of the support geometry estimated by the system (estimated
value).
Build material: Price of the used build material.
Support material: Price of the used support material.
Machine costs
The machine costs result from the following parameters:
Slice number: Number of slices that contain geometries of the build part.
Support slices: Number of slices that contain support geometry only.
Contour distance: Overall length of all contours.
Support distance: Overall length of all supports.
Hatch distance: Overall length of all hatches.
Idle distance: Overall length of all vectors traversed in rapid motion.
Contour speed: Traverse speed for contours.
Support speed: Traverse speed for supports.
Hatch speed: Traverse speed for voxels.
Idle speed: Traverse speed in rapid motion.
Recoating time: The time the machine needs after finishing one layer before it can process the
next layer. (leveling, recoating, ...)
Build time: The build time resulting from the above parameters.
Hourly rate: Hourly rate of the machine used for processing this job.
Postprocessing
Here you can enter a flat rate for postprocessing the manufactured parts.
Total costs
The sum of the above estimated costs is shown here. Only the activated cost types are
included.
Process data >>
Opens the dialog of the function Define machine, so you can edit the process data.
Material data>>
Opens the dialog of the function Define machine, so you can edit the material data.
Reference: Define machine
332

Model menu
Contains functions for the selection of the currently handled workspace as well as for the
selection of the processing mode for the workspace
Annotate model - (View)
Switches to the processing mode for the dimensioning and the
annotation of model data
Repair model - (Repair)
Switches to the processing mode for the manipulation and the edit of
model data
Edit model - (Edit)
Switches to the processing mode for the extended manipulation and
edit of model data
Build preparation - (Setup)
Switches to the processing mode for build preparation
1 ... 9
Switches the workspace that is currently handled
Reference:
333

Annotate model
Menu: Model Icon: No shortcut
Switches to the processing mode for the dimensioning and the annotation of model data
This menu item switches to the dimensioning and annotation mode. This mode is used to add
information to the model. Within this mode you can use functions out of the Annotation menu.
HINT: You can also activate this mode by selecting the corresponding icon in the toolbar, or by
clicking on Viewer within the status bar
Reference: Repair model, Build preparation
334

Repair model
Menu: Model Icon: No shortcut
Switches to the processing mode for the manipulation and edit of model data
This menu item switches to the manipulation and repair mode. In this mode you can manipulate
models and correct mistakes from them.
HINT: You can also activate this mode by selecting the corresponding toolbar icon or by clicking
on Healer within the status bar
Reference: Annotate model, Build preparation
335

Edit model
Menu: Model Icon: No shortcut
Switches to the processing mode for the extended manipulation and edit of model data
This menu item switches to the extended manipulation and edit mode. In this mode you can
manipulate models and create new base solids.
HINT: You can also activate this mode by selecting the corresponding toolbar icon or by clicking
on Editor within the status bar
Reference: Annotate model, Build preparation, Repair model
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Build preparation
Menu: Model Icon: No shortcut
Switches to the processing mode for build preparation
This menu item switches into the build preparation mode. Within this mode you can take the
steps that precede the building of the prototype but do no more change the model geometry.
This are functions like Realign parts, Scale, Compensate shrinkage, Calculate build costs or
Generate slices.
HINT: You can also activate this mode by selecting the corresponding toolbar icon or by clicking
on Builder within the status bar.
Reference: Annotate model, Repair model
337

Options menu
Contains the functions for the definition of program settings
General options
Log file parameters, print parameters and language choices
File options
Settings for the import and export of data
View options
Settings for the display of model data
Import options
Settings for handling triangle models during import
Surface options
Settings for handling surface models
Slice options
Settings for handling slice models
Annotation options
Defines several different options for the dimensioning and the annotation of model data
Undo manager
Allows to view and to manage all established operations
Object manager
Opens / Closes a window, which shows the objects in the active workspace in an hierarchical
order
Annotation manager
Opens the Annotation manager for better maintenance and structuring of the dimensioning and
the annotations of a model
Log window
Shows the text of the log file during program execution
Arrange windows
Arranges all child windows associated with the main window
Reference:
338

General options
Menu: Options No icon No short cut
Log file parameters, print parameters and language choices
Using this dialog, you may alter general properties like protocol settings, printer settings and
language settings.
Dialog General options
Logfile parameters:
If the option Empty logfile for new program session is activated, a new logfile is written with
every program start. Otherwise logging output is attached to the end of the existing file, without
deleting it.
If the option Show model info after file reading is activated, an information window will be
displayed after reading a part.
Print parameters:
If the option Always use 300dpi (dot per inch) is active, a model view with a resolution of
300dpi is used for the printout. If the option is deactivated, the resolution set within the printing
system is used. In this case printing can take a long time on high resolution printers with more
than 300 dpi, caused by the large amount of data.
If the option Always use 8bpp (bit per pixel) is active, the number of colors is restricted to 256
for the printout.
Language choices
Here you can select which language should be used. If you change the language you must
restart the program.
Start mode after import
Here you can select which mode VisCAM starts after importing a file in to an empty workspace.
Reference:
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File options
Menu: Options No icon No short cut
Settings for the import and export of data
Using this function, you can alter general file options like directory settings, preview settings and
format settings for different file formats.
Dialog File Options
Standard folder:
Defines the standard directory that is used to access model data.
Using the function "switch to standard directory" within the file manager you can switch into
this directory.
Preview parameters:
Within the entry field Path you can set the path to the preview directory. Within this directory a
preview is stored for every model that is edited in VisCAM RP.
The entry field Cache limit defines the maximum amount of disk memory that may be used for
preview files. When the maximum cache limit is reached old preview files are deleted
automatically.
When the option Create and show preview images is enabled, preview images are automatically
created and displayed when loading and saving parts.
Using Clear cache, the preview files within the preview directory are deleted.
File format options:
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File options
Here you can define settings that only apply to certain file formats. Certain options are displayed
only if the corresponding file format is available within the program version.
Write VFX files with strong compression (v1.1): This option enables a higher and lossless
compression of the model (up to 5-10 % of the original STL file).
INFO: VisCAM RP versions previous to 3.2 aren't able to import this kind of VFX file.
Write STL binary format: If this option is selected STL files are written in binary format (default
setting). If not selected STL files are written in ASCII format.
Write STL colors compatible with Magics: To save color values within STL files no official
specification exists, so different "unofficial" color addition specifications are created.
VisCAM RP uses the color addition specified by A. F. van der Geest,
http://home.wxs.nl/~spitstec, which is supported by different manufacturers. Additionally a
color addition of the company Materialise is published, which is used by their Magics Software.
If this option is selected, colored STL files are written compatible to the Magics Software of the
company Materialise.
When importing colored STL files, VisCAM RP automatically recognizes which color addition is
used and correctly used it. Therefore it is possible to use both variants using VisCAM RP without
any problems.
INFO: For every triangle to be saved within a binary STL file, 50 bytes are used. The first 48
bytes contain the normal and the points of the triangle corresponding to the STL specification.
The remaining 2 byte are reserved for future use within the STL specification, but the
interpretation of this information is undefined (normally this value should be set to zero). This
undefined attribute area is used within the color addition to store the color information for every
triangle. The following method is used by VisCAM RP as default:
STL colour extension from A.F. van der Geest:
For every triangle the colour information
is described in the attribute count (16 bits).
bit 15 always 1 (to distinguish from normal stl files)
bit 10 to 14 intensity level for red (0 to 31)
bit 5 to 9 intensity level for green (0 to 31)
bit 0 to 4 intensity level for blue (0 to 31)
INFO: This option is only available if VisCAM Solid Painter is included.
Write VRML 2.0 format (VRML97): If selected VRML files are saved using version 2.0 (often
called VRML 97). This is the default case. If this option is unselected VRML files are saved using
version 1.0.
Write VRML with only one color per shape: Within the VRML file color information is stored
using different ways. The simplest form is to store the material color per shape (Shape
Appearance). This needs all triangles of a shape to have the same color.
The more effective method is to use color tables (Color Index), where every triangle of a shape
can be assigned a different color. But VRML color tables are not supported by all VRML
interfaces.
If this options is selected, models that contain differently colored triangles are split into multiple
parts and saved as separate objects. So for every triangle color within the model a separate
object is created within the VRML file.
When reading objects the have been split VisCAM RP generates a separate part for every object.
So the model may contain unmatched edges, even though it has been closed correctly before
saving. In this case the function Match edges has to be called to remerge the separate parts of
the model.
INFO: This option is only available if VisCAM Solid Painter is included.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Write PLY binary format: If this options is selected PLY files are saved in binary format (default
setting). If unselected PLY files are written in ASCII format.
Write FS with format version 3.0: If this options is selected F&S files are written in version 3.0
(default setting). If unselected F&S files are written using version 2.1.
HINT: The use of binary formats reduces the amount of memory needed for saving a model. On
the other side ASCII formats can be manually edited using a standard text editor.
Set default file unit values
See help page for the dialog Set default file unit values.
Registered file formats:
Here you can select the file types that VisCAM RP uses to register itself within the Windows
operating system. These file types can be opened using a double click within the Windows File
Explorer.
For every file format the link to VisCAM can be switched on or off. The registration within the
Windows system is done when closing the dialog by pressing the OK button.
Using the button Register all formats all supported formats can be linked with VisCAM
immediately und registered within the Windows system.
Reference: Open, Save as, Set default file unit values
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Set default unit values
Menu: Options No icon No short cut
Defines unit values for certain file types
Using this function you can assign default measuring units to certain file types.
Dialog Set default file unit values
Import unit:
Defines the unit that is used for reading the related file type. It is required to define an import
unit for file types that do not specify a measuring unit on their own.
Export unit:
Defines the unit that is used for writing files. Model data is automatically converted to the
specified export unit when exporting the file. The specified unit is saved within the file, if the file
format supports this.
Reference: File options
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View options
Menu: Options No icon No short cut
Settings for the display of model data
Using this function you can change the graphic display properties. The view properties consist of
Transformation units, Color parameters, and Illumination and OpenGL settings.
Dialog View Options
Using this dialog, view properties can be altered.
Illumination settings
Define the illumination settings of the view.
Specularity smooth shading: Defines the brightness of specular lights when using smooth
shading. The higher the value the brighter the specular light.
Shininess smooth shading: Defines the size of specular lights when using smooth shading. The
higher the value the finer and also the smaller the specular light.
Color parameters
Define the color settings of the view.
Show gradient background: Switches between a gradient background and a solid background. In
any case, the selected background color is used. If gradient background is active a gradient
starting from the lower part of the window (dark) to the upper part of the window (bright) is
displayed using the defined background color.
Color gradient intensity: Defines the intensity of the gradient (if selected) in percent. The higher
the intensity the more contrast exists between the lowest (dark) and the topmost (bright) color.
Background color: Clicking the select button displays a standard dialog for the selection of the
background color.
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View options
Facets shading color: Clicking the select button displays a standard dialog for the selection of
the pre-set facet color. The defined facet color is used to colorize imported facets without color
information of their own.
Slice shading color: Clicking the select button displays a standard dialog for the selection of the
slice shading color. The slice shading color is used within the Slice representation to shade the
side surfaces of the contours.
OpenGL parameters
Define the properties for controlling the graphic hardware using the 3D Interface OpenGL.
Real Time interaction: Defines if the geometry is displayed during interaction or if it is replaced
by a simpler representation. If real time interaction is disabled, a wire lattice cube is displayed
instead of the model during interactive rotation, zoom and translation.
Use display lists memory: Stores graphic data in the memory of the graphic controller. If
deactivated, all triangles are transferred to the display adapter with each display update. If
activated, graphic data is stored directly in the graphic memory and it need not be exported
again, for example for a rotation of the view.
Use hardware accelerator: Switches between hardware accelerated and solely software
accelerated 3D graphic display. For hardware accelerated view the OpenGL driver of the graphic
card chip producer is used. If hardware acceleration is deactivated, the solely software based
Windows OpenGL-driver is used. But the hardware acceleration should always be enabled for
performance reasons.
INFO: VisCAM optimizes the access to the graphic interface OpenGL so that the highest possible
graphic performance is achieved. At this, only optimizations according to the official OpenGL
specification 1.2 are used. Graphic problems may occur in case of errors in the OpenGL driver or
errors in the storage management of the graphic card producer. Rarely, this may even result in
system crashes.
In such cases, you should at first try to solve the problem by an updated driver version of the
graphic card or graphic chip producer. If correct display using hardware acceleration is not
possible although the current driver is installed, the graphic problems may be solved by
deactivating certain options (Use display list memory,Display backward triangles). If this still
does not solve the graphic problems, it is recommended to deactivate hardware acceleration.
However, this is expected to result in slower graphical display.
Facets parameters
Display backward triangles: If this function is enabled, triangles whose exterior sides show away
from the viewer are displayed (facet representation). If the display of the reverse sides of the
triangles is deactivated the number of triangles to be displayed is reduced, but the interior of a
model is not displayed then. However, it may be helpful to display the interior if the model is not
closed.
Display surface borders: If this function is enabled, black lines are drawn on the facet model to
border several surfaces. The surface detection depends on the parameters for facet surfaces.
See Surface option in Manipulate Surface of the Facets menu to adjust these values.
Show unmatched edges: If this option is enabled,unmatched edges are drawn highlighted as
soon as they are detected.
Show flipped triangles: If this option is enabled, back facing triangles are drawn red shaded.
Reference:
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Import options
Menu: Options No icon No short cut
Settings for handling triangle models during import
Using this function you can configure settings and automatic functions used on import of facet
data.
Dialog Import options for mesh files
Dimensions check:
The automatic dimensions check helps to detect
unusual dimensions immediately on the loading of
triangle data files. The automatic dimensions
check is not applied for VFX-Files. The automatic
dimensions check can be switched on or off.
If the automatic dimensions check detects an
extreme value the dialog for the Determination of
input data unit and size adjustment is opened.
Extreme values:
One value is used to check for extreme small
dimensions and the other value to check for
extreme big dimensions. The checks for small and
big values can be switched on or off separately.
Smaller than: An extreme small dimension is detected if the biggest dimension value is smaller
than this millimeter value and the check for small dimensions is enabled.
Bigger than: An extreme big dimension is detected if the biggest dimension value is bigger than
this millimeter value and the check for big dimensions is enabled.
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Automatic repair function:
Import options
Using the import option Automatic repair function, repairs and optimization on import of facet
data can be configured and automatically performed.
The settings and functions correspond to the existing methods for editing facets that can also be
executed manually.
INFO: The automatic repair function is not executed on import of VRML and 3D Studio files.
Match edges: Matches unmatched triangle edges of the model within a definable tolerance
(compare Match edges).
Fill holes: Fills holes within the surface of the model using different filling methods (compare Fill
holes).
Reduce triangles: Reduces the number of triangles within a definable surface tolerance (compare
Reduce triangles).
Adjust normals: Automatically adjusts the normals within the facet surface (compare Adjust
triangles).
Automatic orientation
This option applies a automatic orientation after importing a triangle mesh. (compare Orientate
parts)
Load support files
With this option it is possible to associate
support geometry to a triangle mesh at
import. The support geometry files have to
be in the same folder as the mesh file. The
support file classification occurs by the use
of a part name and prefix or extension
combination. Attention should be paid to
provide all files in the same file format.
Search for prefix: If this search criterion is
selected a support geometry file with the
name "PREFIXpartname" (e.g.
"s_chassis.stl") will be searched and as
support geometry associated to the mesh.
Search for extension: If this search criterion is selected a support geometry file with the name
"partnameSUFFIX" (e.g. "chassis_s.stl") will be searched and as support geometry associated to
the mesh.
Reference:
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Dialog Determination of input data unit and size adjustment
Menu: Options No icon No short cut
This dialog shows up if the automatic dimensions check has detected extreme values. The result
of the dimensions check is shown and the steps to be performed are described.
HINT: The automatic dimensions check can be configured in the Import options for mesh files .
Dialog Determination of input data unit and size adjustment
Original dimensions:
The dimensions of the input data is shown as found in the input file.
Unit of original dimensions:
Here you can set the unit of the original dimensions. Initially when the dialogs shows up the
default import unit for the relevant file format is preselected, see Set default file unit values.
Additional scaling:
An additional scaling can be applied as needed to size the result dimensions.
Result dimensions (mm):
The millimeter dimensions resulting from the original dimensions unit selection and the optional
additional scaling are shown.
HINT: Set the unit of original dimensions and the optional additional scaling to make the result
dimensions suit your needs. Very big (more than 10000 mm) or very small (less than 0.01 mm)
result dimensions can have an unfavourable effect on certain calculations later on.
INFO: If you close the dialog by pressing OK the input data will be imported using the given
settings and so the data will be available having the shown result dimensions. Close the dialog
by pressing CANCEL to import the input data using the default import unit for the relevant file
format.
Reference: Import options for mesh files
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Dialog Determination of input data unit and size adjustment
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Surface options
Menu: Options No icon No short cut
Settings for handling surface models
Using this function you can alter the properties of the surface module.
Dialog Surface options
Default Tolerances:
Boundaries: The maximum chord fault used for the approximation of the surface boundary
curves.
Surfaces: Maximum chord fault used for the approximation of the surface course within the slice
generation respectively the approximation tolerance used within the triangulation of the surface.
Smoother surface resolution allowed: If surface transitions are heavily bended, they are
dissolved beyond the defined tolerance to achieve smoother transitions.
Ignore VDAFS entities while reading:
String: String that specifies an entity that is not read in when reading VDA files.
Entity name includes string: The entity is not read in, if the specified string is included in the
entity name.
Entity name complies with string: The entity is not read in, if the string equals the entity name.
Handling of doubled surfaces:
Delete doubled surfaces: If equal surfaces are available multiple times, the duplicates are
deleted.
Mark doubled surfaces: If equal surfaces are available multiple times, the duplicates are marked.
Read doubled surfaces: If equal surfaces are available multiple times, the duplicates are read
without a change.
Handling of untrimmed surfaces:
Delete untrimmed surfaces: If surfaces are untrimmed, they are deleted.
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Mark untrimmed surfaces: If surfaces are untrimmed, they are marked.
Read untrimmed surfaces: If surfaces are untrimmed, they are read without a change.
Reference:
Surface options
351

Slice options
Menu: Options No icon No short cut
Settings for handling slice models
Makes it possible to change settings used for importing and displaying slice data.
Dialog Slice options
Initialize parameters:
Optimize calculated contours: Contour points that change the contour geometry below a certain
level are deleted automatically.
The contour resolution may have a big influence on the amount of data.
By optimizing the contour curves the amount of data can be adopted to the process accuracy
(compare Recalculate contour resolution).
Optimize within: Defines the optimization accuracy that is used as a maximum for filtering
contour point when reading slice data.
Delete contours without surface: Contours with a surface area that can not be calculated are
filtered and automatically deleted. Contours without an surface area result in errors when
building the slice and should be deleted.
Check contour turning: While generating slices, the directions of the generated contours are
checked and automatically corrected.
INFO: The Initialize parameters correspond to the advanced options within generate slices
(compare generate slices).
Display parameters:
Reduction of display stack: If this option is activated, the display of the slices is reduced. In the
input field you can define the factor of the reduction of the display. The more the slice display is
reduced, the smaller is the amount of data to be displayed, resulting in a much faster view. But
the display of the slice data is less detailed.
INFO: If single slice view is activated (Show single slice), every slice is displayed independent of
this settings.
Show hatch path at single slice: If this option is activated, the direction of the hatch path is
visualized, if the module contains hatches. For this, single slice view must be activated (Show
single slice).
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Slice options
Show spot compensation at single slice: If this option is activated, the original contour is
additionally displayed for all hatched with spot size compensation. For this, single slice view
must be activated (Show single slice).
Reference: Generate slices, Select stack
353

Annotation options
Menu: Options Icon: No short cut
Defines several different options for the dimensioning and the annotation of model data
Using this function you can change properties of annotation and dimensioning elements.
Parameters that control the selection of points can also be changed. The properties are applied
to the representation as well as to the workspace, i.e. changing the settings affects immediately
the display and selection for all models and representations.
Dialog Measure and annotation properties
Annotation option
Using this dialog page you can change the properties of annotation elements.
Color values
Defines the color of components of annotation elements.
Arrow head: Color of the arrow head.
Arrow line: Color of the line, from the connection point to the label.
Label background: Color of the background of labels that do not belong to any selected
annotations.
Label selection: Color of the background of labels that belong to selected annotations.
Additional objects: Color of the lines that belong to help constructions for the annotation (i.e. a
box around a model)
Drawings: Color of the freehand annotations function.
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Display options
Defines different additional properties of annotation elements.
Line thickness: The line thickness in pixel.
Drawing thickness: The width of freehand annotations in pixel.
Transparent label background: Switches transparent label background on or off.
Font
Annotation options
The font used for annotations can be defined, including font size and font color. You can select
a font of the ones installed in the system.
Measures option
Using this dialog page you can change the properties of dimensioning elements.
Color values
Defines the color of components of dimensioning elements.
Arrow head: Color of the arrow head.
Arrow line: Color of the line, from the connection point to the label.
Label background: Color of the background of labels that do not belong to any selected
dimensioning.
Label selection: Color of the background of labels that belong to selected dimensioning.
Additional objects: Color of the lines that belong to help constructions for the dimensioning (i.e.
a box around a model)
Dimension line: Color of the dimension line.
Display options
Defines different additional properties of dimensioning elements.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Line thickness: The line thickness in pixel.
Decimal places: The number of post decimal positions for dimension numbers.
Transparent label background: Switches transparent label background on or off.
Font
The font used for annotations can be defined, including font size and font color. You can select
a font of the ones installed in the system.
Selection option
Using this dialog page you can change properties that refer to the selection of geometry
elements of a model by the user. This selection is required to create most annotations.
For the dimensioning of facet models you can select any measuring point on the model surface.
The selection of measuring points within the area of a triangle is also possible.
To facilitate the selection of prominent measuring points on the model, a defined area around the
mouse click on the surface is searched for vertices or edges. If such an object is within the area
of the mouse click, the mouse click snaps onto the object.
The snapping of measure points adopts to size of the model view while zooming, so a safe
selection of marked measure points is possible.
Point selection
Defines properties for the selection of points on the surface of the model. Point selection refers
to the selection within the facet representation.
Free point selection: Activates or deactivates free point selection. If free point selection is
activated, you can select arbitrary points within the triangles or on the edges of the triangles in
addition to the vertices.
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Annotation options
Snap to edge factor: If free point selection is activated, the strength of the snapping to geometry
elements in the model is defined here. Snapping means that a vertex or a point on an edge is
tried to be found near the clicked point on the surface of the model.
Show pickable points: If free point selection is activated, the vertices of triangles are displayed
or hidden.
HINT: Using the "apply"-button the settings can be applied without closing the dialog. This way
the settings can be checked immediately.
Reference: Annotation manager
357

Undo manager
Menu: Options No icon Short cut: Ctrl + Q
This Dialog shows a list of all performed operations within the actual Workspace and allows
navigation within these operations.
Fenster Aktionen verwalten
Undo:
The selected operation is signed with . The selected operation and all following operations
will be made undone.
Wiederherstellen:
The selected operation is signed with . The selected operation and all operations up to the
actual position will be made redone.
Close:
The Dialog will be closed
Reference: Undo, Redo
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Object manager
Menu: Options No icon No shortcut
Opens / Closes a window, which shows the objects in the active workspace in an hierarchical
order.
The object manager is for administrate and manipulate the models and objects within the actual
workspace.
INFO: The object manager opens in an own window and is visible by default. The object
manager can be opened and closed in the options menu.
The objects can be shown sorted by different criterias like volume, height or name.
Within the tree structure following symbols will be used:
Workspace
Build Job (Module Setup)
Model
Model (layer representation)
Model with unmatched edges
Model (partly hidden)
Model (hidden)
Model (partly selected)
Model selected / Module Setup: Model not selected
Model selected (Module Setup)
Shell (component) of a model
Shell with unmatched edges
Selected shell
Hidden shell
Hollow shell surface of a model
Core structure of a hollow model
Object Manager for Module View / Edit / Repair:
Underneath the Workspace all models are listed. The models themselve contain several shells
(components)
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Workspace context menu:
The functions refer to all objects within the actual workspace.
Show all objects:
If hidden objects exist, they will be shown.
Cancel selection:
If selected objects exist, they will be
deselected.
Demerge objects:
Opens a dialog to demerge all objects.
Merge objects:
All objects will be merged to one.
Cut:
All objects will be moved to the model store.
Copy:
All objects will be copied to the model store.
Paste:
Objects from the model store will be inserted.
Delete:
All objects will be deleted.
Rename:
The name of the workspace can be modified.
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Models and shells can be selected or
deselected by clicking on their symbols. If
the SHIFT key is hold, multiple shells can be
selected at once.
All elements offer a context menu containing
specific functions for that element.

Properties:
Opens a dialog showing properties of all objects within the actual workspace.
Model context menu:
The functions refer to the model and its components.
Visible:
If the model contains hidden components, they
will be shown. Otherwise the model and all its
components will be hidden.
Exclusive:
All other models will be hidden, so that this
model will be the only visible model.
Demerge objects:
Opens a dialog to demerge the model.
Merge objects:
All components of the model will be merged to
one.
Cut:
The model will be moved to the model store.
Copy:
The model will be copied to the model store.
Delete:
The model will be deleted.
Rename:
The name of the model can be modified.
Properties:
Opens a dialog showing properties of the model.
Shell context menu:
The functions refer to a single shell (model component).
Object manager
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Visible:
Shows or hides the shell.
Exclusive:
Shows only this shell. All other objects will be
hidden.
Demerge objects:
Opens a dialog to demerge the shell.
New model:
The shell will be moved to a new model.
Cut:
The shell will be moved to the model store.
Copy:
The shell will be copied to the model store.
Delete:
The shell will be deleted.
Rename:
The name of the shell can be modified.
Properties:
Opens a dialog showing properties of the shell.
Selection context menu:
This menu can be accessed by right clicking in the white area. These functions refer to the
selected models and shells.
Show all objects:
If hidden objects exist, they will be shown.
Cancel selection:
If selected objects exist, they will be deselected.
Demerge marked:
Opens a dialog to demerge the selected objects
Merge marked:
The selected objects will be merged to one.
Cut marked:
The selected objects will be moved to the model
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store.
Copy marked:
The selected objects will be copied to the model store.
Delete marked:
The selected objects will be deleted.
Properties:
Opens a dialog showing properties of the selected shells.
Object manager for Module Setup:
Build Job context menu:
This functions refer to the build job (actual workspace).
Define machine:
Opens a dialog to configure the RP machine.
Set envelope layout:
Opens a dialog to configure the build envelope.
Cut:
All models will be moved to the model store.
Copy:
All models will be copied to the model store.
Paste:
Models from the model store will be inserted.
Duplicate:
Opens a dialog to duplicate the existing models.
Delete:
All models will be deleted.
Rename:
The name of the build job can be modified.
Properties:
Opens a dialog showing properties of all models within the actual build job.
Model context menu:
The functions refer to the selected model.
Object manager
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Move:
Opens a dialog to translate the model.
Rotate:
Opens a dialog to rotate the model.
Scale:
Opens a dialog to scale the model.
Mirror:
Opens a dialog to mirror the model.
Cut:
The model will be moved to the model store.
Copy:
The model will be copied to the model store.
Duplicate:
Opens a dialog to duplicate the model.
Delete:
The model will be deleted.
Rename:
The name of the model can be modified.
Properties:
Opens a dialog showing properties of the model.
Object manager for layer models:
Build Job context menu:
This functions refer to the build job (actual workspace).
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Define machine:
Opens a dialog to configure the RP machine.
Set envelope layout:
Opens a dialog to configure the build envelope.
Duplicate:
Opens a dialog to duplicate the existing models
Delete:
All models will be deleted.
Rename:
The name of the build job can be modified.
Properties:
Opens a dialog showing properties of all models within the actual build job.
Layer model context menu:
The functions refer to the selected model.
Move:
Opens a dialog to translate the model.
Rotate:
Opens a dialog to rotate the model.
Scale:
Opens a dialog to scale the model.
Mirror:
Opens a dialog to mirror the model.
Duplicate:
Opens a dialog to duplicate the model
Delete:
The model will be deleted.
Rename:
The name of the model can be modified.
Properties:
Opens a dialog showing properties of the model.
Reference:
Object manager
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VisCAM Help 4.0
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Annotation manager
Menu: Options Icon: No short cut
Opens the Annotation manager for better maintenance and structuring of the dimensioning and
the annotations of a model.
You can generate dimensioning and annotations in every representation that is organized in a
scene structure. You can manage this scene structure with the scene manager.
Dialog Annotation manager
The scene structure for the active representation of the current work space is displayed. The
structure consists of one or multiple scenes that contain one or multiple layers. Any
dimensioning and annotations may be put into the layers.
Actual scene
All scenes of the active representation are listed. There can only be one active scene at a time.
It is marked in the list. By marking another scene you can specify a different scene that is now
active.
Only dimensioning and annotations of the active scene are displayed in the graphic window.
Using the context menu multiple actions that refer to the scene may be performed:
Create new scene: Creates a new scene and activates it.
Rename scene: Renames the marked scene.
Delete scene: Deletes the marked scene, its layers and all included annotation and dimensioning
elements.
Layers
The layers of the active scene containing annotation and dimensioning data are displayed in a
tree view. There can only be one active layer at a time. The identifier marks the active scene in
the list. By marking another scene identifier the corresponding layer becomes the active one.
Using the context menu multiple actions that refer to the layer may be performed:
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Create new layer: Creates a new layer and activates it.
Show layer: The display of the active scene (i.e. the contained elements) is activated or
deactivated.
Rename layer: Rename the marked layer.
Delete layer: The marked layer and all elements that are contained are deleted.
Functions to create annotations and dimensioning refer to the active layer. That means that new
dimensioning and annotations are inserted into the layer that is active when the annotation
element is created. The active layer again belongs to the active scene.
By calling the context menu for an annotation or dimensioning element, you can execute
different actions for the element:
Create new layer: A new layer is created and activated (corresponding to the context menu for
layers)
Show element: The active element will be displayed or hidden.
Edit element: Edit the marked element. Corresponding to the selected annotation or dimensioning
element you can edit the identifier of the element and create or edit a message belonging to the
element.
Assign view: The current view settings are saved within the marked element. Each element
saves the view settings (e.g. zoom and rotation) that are active at the time of its creation. Using
this function you can replace the view settings subsequently.
Restore view: The view settings of the marked element are applied.
Delete element: The marked element is deleted.
HINT: The tree view containing the layers of the active scene supports direct manipulation.
Using drag & drop you can displace annotations and dimensioning between layers. The identifier
of most elements of the tree as well as the display status of the layers (represented by a
checkmark) can be changed directly in the tree view.
Reference:
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Log window
Menu: Options No icon No short cut
Shows the text of the log file during program execution
If this option is activated, a permanent window containing logging output is displayed. The log
window shows information about executed operations and the properties of loaded model data.
HINT: The log window often displays warning messages while an operation is in progress. In
contrast to error messages they do not open a message box that has to be confirmed. These
warnings may be helpful to find the reason in case of a problem.
Reference:
369

Arrange windows
Menu: Options No icon No short cut
Arranges all child windows associated with the main window
Reference:
370

Help menu
Contains program information as well as functions to open the online-help
Context
Shows the online-help page for a selected function
Content
Opens the content pages of the online help
Index
Opens the index list of the online-help
Search
Opens the search area of the online-help
System
Shows information and features of the installed CPU
Graphic
Shows information about the graphics card and the OpenGL driver
About
Shows general information about the program
Reference:
371

Context
Menu: Help No icon No short cut
Shows the online-help corresponding to the selected function
Using this function you can receive context help for the different functions. The activated help
modus is indicated by a corresponding mouse pointer and a click on menu items or tool buttons
opens the appropriate help page automatically.
Reference:
372

Help dialog
Menu: Help No icon No short cut
Describes the functions of VisCAM RP
The help dialog contains the help pages for VisCAM RP.
Dialog description
Button bar
The button bar is located at the top of the help dialog directly under the window border.
Hide/Show
Using this button the register cards in the left screen area can be hidden or shown.
Back-button
The dialog jumps back to the previously displayed page after this button is used.
Forward-button
Using this function the result of the Back-button is undone. The page is displayed that was
visible before the Back button was pressed.
Print-button
The currently displayed page can be printed using this button.
Options
Within options there is a menu where the following settings can be made:
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Hide tabs
Using this function the register cards in the left screen area can be hidden or shown.
Back
The dialog jumps back to the previously displayed page.
Forward
Using this function the result of the Back-button is undone. The page is displayed that was
visible before the Back button was pressed.
Home
When the help is started a title page is displayed. This page is redisplayed after this function is
used.
Stop
If the help is connecting to the internet to transfer help pages, this function is used to stop the
transfer.
Refresh
If a page is fetched out of the internet, this function is used to refresh the page.
Internet options
Here the internet options from the system management can be opened to display or change its
properties.
Print
Print the actual displayed page or the actual displayed page and its sub pages.
Search Highlight Off
If a term is searched using the register page "Search" and a result page is displayed, the
highlighting of found keywords can be turned on and off.
Register card Contents
The register card contents shows the structure of the help pages within a tree, where the nodes
can be open and closed by clicking the plus and minus symbols. By clicking on a subject the
corresponding help page is displayed.
By clicking into the content window using the right mouse button the context menu shown at
the top is displayed:
Open all
Opens all nodes in the tree structure of the register card.
Close all
Closes all nodes in the tree structure of the register card.
Print
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Prints the displayed subject or the displayed subject and its sub subjects.
Customize
Makes it possible to choose between displayed subjects.
Register card Index
Using the register card "Index", the index of the help is displayed in comparison to the register
card "content". Important application specific terms are displayed in alphabetic order. For every
term there may be refinements. If an entry is double clicked, the linked page is displayed in the
content frame.
Register card Search
Using the register card search you can search for arbitrary terms within the help pages. For
using this there is an input field available where search terms are specified. Using the button
"subject list" all help pages that contain the searched term are displayed.
Scenario bar
The scenario bar is directly above the content frame. It contains sequels of connected help
pages. In the left bar the actual scene is displayed, and by dropping this down all scenes are
displayed. Above this there are 2 buttons "previous" and "next", used to navigate within the
scenario. On the left there is a linear view of the pages belonging to the scenario.
Reference:
Help
375

System
Menu: Help No icon No short cut
Shows information and features of the installed CPU
The system dialog shows the number of installed CPU's, the name of the CPU, the version of
the CPU, the vendor of the CPU and specific features of the CPU.
Reference:
376

Graphic
Menu: Help No icon No short cut
Shows information about the graphics card and the OpenGL driver
The graphics dialog shows the vendor of the used graphics card, the name of the graphics
renderer, the version number of the graphics chip, the type of the used OpenGL acceleration as
well as supported OpenGL extensions of the graphics card.
Reference:
377

About
Menu: Help No icon No short cut
Shows general information about VisCAM RP
The program information dialog shows the contained modules of VisCAM RP. In addition, the
version, the registration, and the copyright information are shown, as well as the contact
address of Marcam Engineering.
When using VisCAM with a dongle licence, a button "Select server" for selecting a licence
server is available additionally.
Reference:
378

CLI interface
Menu: Icon: Short cut:
Saves build data in the CLI format for controlling EOS installations
As means of transfer of the build data to RP machines of the supplier Electro Optical Systems
(EOS), all slice data including hatches and supports is saved in the CLI format. However, the
EOS machine control cannot always read in CLI data directly and therefore data needs to be
converted to the readable SLI format partly. Converting from the CLI to the SLI format can be
accomplished by EOS RP Tools, that belong to most EOS machines or are available from EOS for
this purpose. The EOS machine control can read in converted SLI data directly.
The EOS machine control assigns each SLI data file its own set of exposure parameters, which
determines how the installation generates the build part data of the SLI data file. The assigned
exposure parameters always relate to the entire content of the SLI data file. Therefore, varying
parts like contours or supports are usually saved in separate SLI data files and they are
transferred individually to the EOS machine control. This way, a set of parameters can be
assigned in each case to the separate SLI data files, e.g. for different exposure of contours and
supports.
The CLI Interfacer offers therefore the possibility to save the elements contained in a slice model
separately from each other or to save them combined with each other and distributed in several
different CLI data files. Besides contours and supports, the different hatch types that can be
generated by VisCAM RP are also distinguished.
By default, an SLI data file contains the contours of a part without the filling that is necessary
for the generation of the contour area. The EOS machine control generates this filling
immediately when the part is build. There are several types of filling and filling parameters
available. Furthermore, the set of exposure parameters contains settings for beam
compensation, for velocity and capacity of the laser separately for contours and filling, as well
as for shrinkage in X and Y.
VisCAM RP supports all of these exposure parameters and thus it can generate build data
including filling and supports in full already in advance. This allows improved check and control
of build data as well as build time and build costs previous to data transfer to the installation. In
addition, the VisCAM Slice Hatcher can generate efficient filling hatches that go beyond the
standard filling options, and for example, improved surface qualities can be achieved for laser
sintering in case of a complete filling with border offset.
The exposure parameter settings of the EOS machine control must be adapted or disabled if the
transferred build data has already been calculated entirely by VisCAM RP. For this purpose the
parameter SLI_HATCH is available in the filling area of the exposure parameters. If SLI_HATCH is
enabled or chosen as parameter setting, the machine will not generate any hatching and the
imported build data are built directly without any further changes. In addition, VisCAM RP may
have calculated material shrinkage and spot compensation already. Thus, those values should be
set to zero in order to prevent a falsification of build data.
HINT: If build data has already been generated completely by VisCAM RP, the exposure
parameter SLI_HATCH must be enabled on the EOS machine control for imported supports,
hatches or contours, and the parameter values for beam compensation as well as shrinkage
must be set to zero if necessary.
Dialog of the CLI Interfacer
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Write CLI binary format
Saves CLI data files either in the binary or in the ASCII version.
Write CLI with high precision
This CLI specification supports different number representation for saving co-ordinates.
In case of low precision (SLI Short), the decimals of the coordinates are cut and they are not
saved. In order to still guarantee a sufficient accuracy, CLI resolution can be set unrestrictedly.
But in case of high precision (CLI Long) the decimals of the co-ordinates are saved wherefore the
display of the coordinates is of any user-defined accurateness, independent of the selected CLI
resolution.
HINT: Particularly previous Versions of the EOS RP Tool for machines with envelope dimensions
below 300 mm support only the low precision CLI.
Set CLI resolution
CLI resolution defines the unit of measurement used within a data file. For example, the default
value 0.005 signifies that coordinates are not converted to millimeters (mm), but to 1/200 mm
units (1mm * 0.005). So in case of low CLI precision, coordinate values below 1/200 mm
cannot be distinguished between because of the nonexistent decimals.
HINT: The default value for CLI resolution is 0.005 mm. In this case low CLI precision is
sufficient for supporting envelopes up to a maximum size of 327 mm. For installations with
larger envelopes, either high CLI precision or higher CLI resolution must be applied if all
coordinate values within the envelope shall be displayed in the CLI data file.
Rule-of-thumb for the calculation of the maximum accuracy for low CLI precision:
Calculation: max. CLI short * CLI resolution = max. envelope dimensions
Example: 65.536 * 0.005 mm = 327.68 mm
Write multiple files
The CLI Interfacer analyses all specifiable elements contained in the slice data and shows these
in the dialog. An individual extension can be chosen for each element type. It is added to the file
name chosen in the file dialog. (If there are no elements of a certain type, the corresponding edit
field is deactivated.)
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When saving the slice data, all existent element types with identical file name are summarized in
an accordingly named CLI file. Thus, all elements of a slice data file can be saved either
separately or in any combination with each other, distributed over several CLI data files.
Reference: Save as
381

G-Code interface
Menu: Icon: Short cut:
Saves layer data in the G-Code file format
In order to directly interface RP-systems using a CNC controller, a programmable G-Code
interface has been integrated for the export of slice data including hatches and supports.
The G-Code file format is mainly used for controlling NC-devices. Therefore it is widely used as
an input to NC device controllers.
To adapt the G-Code output to a certain device controller, you can create user-defined profiles to
specify the layout and content of your own variant of the G-Code file format. Within the profile
you can specify how to map the different vector types (e.g. contour, support, hatch) to certain
G-Code commands, which will then control your NC device. The different vector types are
specified on separate tab pages. Each vector type itself is specified as a G-Code command line
consisting of user defined G-Code commands, pre-defined macros (variables which are replaced
with data later while writing the file) and may comments (optional).
HINT: To open the G-Code interface dialog, the file type "ISO G-Code Postprocessor Format
(ISO)" must be selected in the file manager when saving a slice file.
A G-Code file is structured as shown below:
program start
-----> layer 1 start
-----> contour 1 start
-----> outloop border line 1 to outloop border line N
...
-----> inloop 1 to inloop N
-----> inloop border line 1 to inloop border line N
contour 1 end
...
contour N
...
-----> hatch block 1 start
-----> hatch line 1 to hatch line N
hatch block 1 end
...
hatch block N
...
-----> support block 1 start
-----> support line 1 to support line N
support block 1 end
...
support block N
...
layer 1 end
...
layer N
program end
Wherever necessary, a rapid traverse command line is automatically inserted.
HINT: The block order of supports, borders and hatches can be modified within the dialog Define
machine on the tab page Layer.
Tab page General
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G-Code interface
This tab page is for setting up general file properties and to administrate user-defined profiles.
Profile
All settings are stored as a set of properties associated with the displayed profile name.
The pull down list contains all existing and selectable profiles.
If you select a new profile from the pull down list all changes of the actual profile will be stored
before loading the settings of the new profile.
New creates a new profile, and the user is asked for a profile name. Initially the new profile is
created with a set of default settings.
Delete deletes the currently displayed profile.
General parameters
Output comments: Within the G-Code specification optional comments are allowed using
parentheses. You can insert these comments anywhere into your profile definition, e.g. inside
the program header or at the end of a command line.
If you switch off this option, all comments are suppressed and not written to the output file,
regardless of where comments are specified within the profile.
Column width: The coordinate values within the command lines are aligned using the given
column width. The parameter defines the number of characters per column.
HINT: Make extensive use of comments while you specify a new G-Code profile, so it becomes
easier to verify a generated test file. If your profile is well proven, just turn off all comments to
reduce file size.
Numerical parameters
Decimal places: The number of decimal places for the output of coordinates (valid in the range
from 0 to 8).
INFO: The number of decimal places affects the accuracy of the generated part.
Coordinates unit: Deviating from the internal unit of measurement used from VisCAM (1.0 mm)
you can choose any unit of measurement for the coordinate values (e.g. 1.0 inch), which are
then automatically converted and written to the G-Code file.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Feed rate decimals: The number of decimal places for the output of feed rates (valid in the range
from 0 to 8).
Feed rate unit: The unit of measurement for the output of feed rate values. The feed rate unit is
independent of the coordinate unit. Therefore you could e.g. select a metric coordinate unit like
mm and a non metric feed rate unit like inch/min.
INFO: The selected unit conversion is independent from the usage of accordant G-Code
commands like G70 and G71 (inch/mm).
Tab page Program
For the NC device control, the generated G-Code file is more likely a program. On this tab page
you can specify how to start the NC device and how to stop it when the program has finished.
Program start:
Here you can define the command lines to initialize the NC device. The start section may contain
comments useful to know for the machine operator.
Program end:
Here you can specify the command lines to finalize the program and shut down the NC device.
INFO: Strings in parentheses ('(..)') are comments. The NC device controller does not interpret
those comments. Strings in brackets ('[..]') are pre-defined macros of VisCAM. Macros are used
as a placeholder for values, which are analyzed and generated at the defined position when the
G-Code file is written. E.g. [CL_NR] is a placeholder for the current command line number and
[DATE] is a placeholder for the current system date when the file is written.
Tab page Layer
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G-Code interface
For every Layer the G-Code file contains a section to start the layer and one to finalize it.
Layer start:
Here you can specify command lines to initialize the generation of a new layer.
E.g. this could be the movement of the z-axis to the next z-level using one of the macros
[NEXT_Z], [zNEXT_Z] or [zNEXT_Z_OPT].
You can also use any additional G-Code command (e.g. M-commands) to make your NC device
add new material for the new layer.
Example:
Profile: N[CL_NR] G01 [zNEXT_Z]
N105 G01 z15.00
Layer end:
Here you can specify any command lines to finalize the generation of a layer.
Tab page Contour
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Each given layer contains a set of contours, which bounds the material regions from the nonmaterial
regions of the layer.
Each contour itself consists of one outer boundary and a number of inner boundaries, which
describe holes inside the material area of the outer boundary.
Each boundary consists of a number of line segments, which are connected to a closed poly-line.
For each of these line segments, a G-Code command line is written to the file, which gives the
NC control the coordinates needed to move the x- and y-axis from the actual position to the
start position of the next line segment.
HINT: If a spot compensation is applied (by calculating hatches or supports), these modified
boundaries are written to the file. Otherwise the original boundaries are written to the file, which
could result in a deviation of the part geometry due to the tool or beam radius deviation.
Contour start:
Here you can specify any command lines to initialize the generation of a new contour.
HINT: Depending on the NC control and the NC device you could for example tell the control to
change the tool, the material or anything else that is needed.
Contour segment:
Here you can specify the command line for a single contour line segment. This simply tells the
control how to move from the start coordinates of the actual segment to the start coordinates of
the next segment by using G01 and macros as placeholders for the coordinates ([NEXT_X],
[NEXT_Y], ..).
You should also consider to specify a feed rate value here using the macro [FEED_CONTOUR] or
[FEED_CONTOUR_OPT].
HINT: In addition to the movement itself you can specify additional parameters for the line
segments, e.g. a spindle speed (S-command).
Example:
Profile: N[CL_NR] G01 [NEXT_X] [NEXT_Y] [FEED_CONTOUR_OPT] S1
386
N278 G01 25.15 10.0 F300 S1
Contour block end:

Here you can specify any command lines necessary to finalize a contour.
Tab page Hatch
G-Code interface
Hatches are vectors that fill the material area inside the borders of a contour.
These vectors are called hatch segments and they are combined in hatch blocks. Each contour
can contain several hatch blocks depending on the contour geometry.
The hatch style depends on the parameters used during the hatch calculation. The hatch
parameters can be accessed and defined via the dialog Define machine on the tab page Hatches.
HINT: If the hatch option "connected" is set, the segments of a hatch block are drawn in a
continuous course. Otherwise a rapid traverse command line is inserted to move from the end
point of a hatch segment to the start point of the next one.
Hatch block start:
Here you can specify any command lines necessary to start a new hatch block.
HINT: Depending on the NC control and the NC device you could for example tell the control to
change the tool, the material or anything else that is needed.
Hatch segment:
Here you can specify the command line for a single hatch line segment. It simply tells the device
control how to move from the start coordinates of the actual segment to the start coordinates of
the next segment by using G01 and macros as placeholders for the coordinates ([NEXT_X],
[NEXT_Y], ..).
You should also consider to specify a feed rate value here using the macro [FEED_HATCH] or
[FEED_HATCH_OPT].
HINT: In addition to the movement itself you can specify additional parameters for the line
segments, e.g. a spindle speed (S-command).
Example:
Profile: N[CL_NR] G01 [xNEXT_X] [yNEXT_Y] [FEED_HATCH_OPT] S1
N278 G01 x25.15 y10.0 F600 S1
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Hatch block end:
Here you can specify any command lines necessary to finalize a hatch block.
Tab page Support
Support structures are necessary during part generation to support overhang areas and to fix the
part to the build platform.
Similar to hatches the support structures are organized as blocks of line segments.
The support style depends on the options and parameters used during the support generation.
The support parameters can be accessed and defined via the dialog Define machine on the tab
page Supports.
HINT: Depending on the geometry of the part, a support block can contain connected and
unconnected support line segments. In case of unconnected line segments a rapid traverse
command line is automatically e inserted to move from the end point of a support line segment
to the start point of the next one.
Support block start:
Here you can specify any command lines necessary to start a new support block.
HINT: Depending on the NC control and the NC device you could for example tell the control to
change the tool, the material or anything else that is needed.
Support segment:
Here you can specify the command line for a single support line segment. It tells the device
control how to move from the start coordinates of the actual segment to the start coordinates of
the next segment by using G01 and macros as placeholders for the coordinates ([NEXT_X],
[NEXT_Y], ..).
You should also consider to specify a feed rate value here using the macro [FEED_SUPPORT] or
[FEED_SUPPORT_OPT].
HINT: In addition to the movement itself you can specify additional parameters for the line
segments, e.g. a spindle speed (S-command).
Example:
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Profile: N[CL_NR] G01 [xNEXT_X_OPT] [yNEXT_Y_OPT] [FEED_SUPPORT_OPT] S1
N278 G01 x25.15 y10.0 F100 S1
Support block end:
Here you can specify any command lines necessary to finalize a support block.
Tab page Rapid traverse
G-Code interface
A rapid traverse command is a movement without generating or adding material.
Rapid traverse has to be performed if the last coordinates of a vector differ from the first
coordinates of the following vector (e.g. to move from the end point of a finished contour border
to the start point of the next contour border).
Rapid traverse commands are inserted in the following situations:
• move to a new z-level
• move to the first segment of a new contour border
• move to the first segment of a new hatch or support block
• move between unconnected segments within a hatch or support block
HINT: Because of the nature of the rapid traverse, you should ensure that you specify the
commands needed to tell your NC device control not to generate or add any material within the
rapid traverse movement, e.g. turn the laser off or set the feed rate to 0.
Rapid traverse start:
Here you can specify any command lines necessary to issue before the rapid traverse
movement.
Rapid traverse segment:
Here you can specify the command line for a rapid traverse movement. It tells the control how to
move from the start coordinates of the actual segment to the start coordinates of the next
segment by using G01 and macros as placeholders for the coordinates ([NEXT_X], [NEXT_Y], ..).
You should also consider to specify a feed rate value here using the macro [FEED_RAPID] or
[FEED_RAPID_OPT].
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HINT: In addition to the movement itself you can specify additional parameters for the line
segments, e.g. a spindle speed (S-command).
Example:
Profile: N[CL_NR] G01 [xNEXT_X] [yNEXT_Y] [FEED_RAPID_OPT] S0
390
N278 G01 x25.15 y10.0 F1000 S0
Rapid traverse end:
Here you can specify any command lines necessary to finalize a rapid traverse movement.
Tab page Macros
Macros are used within the profile definition as a placeholder for values, which are analyzed and
generated at the defined position when the G-Code file is written.
Therefore macros are used to link the slice data of a build job from VisCAM with the profile
definition for the G-Code file.
HINT: Macros can be used as a part of a command line as well as within comments. Macros
have to be used within brackets ('[..]'). Therefore they differ from comments which are used in
parentheses ('(..)') .
Example for a macro inside a command line:
Profile: G01 [NEXT_X] [NEXT_Y] F300
G01 25.15 10.0 F300
Profile: N[CL_NR] G01 [xNEXT_X] [yNEXT_Y] S1
N278 G01 x25.15 y10.0 S1
Reference: Save as

MJS Interface
Menu: Icon: Short cut:
Saves the build data in the machine format (STD) of a MJS machine
Prior to saving build data, separate settings can be defined for the different traverse path types,
for the material feed rate (pressure in the nozzle,) and for the machine feed rate (traverse speed).
Dialog of the MJS Interfacer
Parameters for traverse paths:
Individual values for the material feed rate and machine feed rate can be defined for contours,
filling and fast move.
Additional parameters
Writes the model dimensions in an additional SDA file, which has the same file name as the STD
file.
The STD format is a very simple ASCII format for the points of the part that have to be run up
by the nozzle control. Within a BEGIN, END block of the part, every individual traverse point is
listed in a separate row and there is no distinction between contours, filling, etc. The distinction
is only controlled by the according values for the material feed rate and the machine feed rate,
which the nozzle control uses in each case for traversing from point to point.
Each row contains therefore the X-, Y-, and Z- co-ordinates of a point, as well as the material
feed rate and the machine feed rate for the traverse to this point. The process starts with a rapid
traverse to the first point. Because of a transfer between two contours resp. unconnected hatch
areas, rapid traverse may also be applied within a slice. The change to the subsequent slice also
causes a rapid traverse.
#MJS process data file generated with VisCAM RP 1.16
#
#This file contains all points that have to be
#run up by the nozzle control.
#
Part Hohlzylinder.std
#
#X-Coord. Y-Coord. Z-Coord. Material feed rate Machine feed rate
#
BEGIN
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VisCAM Help 4.0
25.68 1.50 6.50 0.00 50.00
36.36 1.50 6.50 5.00 20.00
.
38.60 2.00 6.50 5.00 20.00
60.58 35.97 6.50 10.00 10.00
.
11.02 29.98 6.50 10.00 10.00
1.50 36.35 7.00 0.00 50.00
1.50 25.54 7.00 5.00 20.00
.
.
END
Reference: Save as
392

Raster image interface
Menu: Icon: Short cut:
Saves the build data in a pixel based file format (BMP, PNG or TIFF).
To transfer the build data into a raster based RP process (3D printer) the slice data is saved into
single image files.
HINT: To call the raster image interface one of the formats BMP, TIFF or PNG has to be chosen
when saving the slice model.
Dialog BMP export ( resp. PNG-, TIFF export)
The dialog manages the format and look of the single slice images. Depending on the file format
(BMP, TIFF, PNG) the dialog gets a corresponding format specific page.
Image size
The image size is determined by the machine resolution (dpi) and the boundaries of the build
envelope resp. the boundaries of the build data.
Machine: The actual machine and the corresponding size of the build envelope (length and
width) is displayed. Using the button Change… the machine selection can be changed.
X-Resolution / Y-Resolution: The machine resolution can be modified here. Different resolutions
on the X- and Y- Axis are possible.
Adapt image size to build envelope: Choose this option to create an image of the whole build
envelope. The image size results from the size of the build envelope and the X- and Y-
resolution.
Adapt image size to part dimension: Choose this option to create an image of the area of the
build envelope that contains parts.
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VisCAM Help 4.0
Image size: The size of the image resulting from the settings made above is displayed here.
Colors and elements
Background color: Using the color button the background color can be changed.
Colorize contour areas: Choose this options to add a uniform color filling to the material areas.
Use the color button to choose the fill color.
Draw hatch filling: Choose this option to draw the previously calculated hatches. This option is
deactivated if no hatches were calculated.
Line width of hatches: To draw hatches the line width is defined here.
Unfilled contour areas: If this option is used the material areas are not filled.
Draw outloop- / inloop border: The contour curves can additionally be drawn in a user defined
color.
Draw supports: Choose this options to draw the previously calculated supports. This option is
deactivated if no supports were generated.
394

BMP (PNG-, TIFF-) format options
Raster image interface
Color depth: Here you can choose the color depth (number of colors) used for the raster image
generation. Depending on the file format that is selected different options are available.
Reference: Save as
395

SLC interface
Menu: Icon: Short cut:
Saves build data in the SLC format
The SLC file format was developed and disclosed to public as a neutral interface for its RPinstallations
by 3D Systems. Thus, other suppliers, as for example Solidscape, now use the SLC
format for the import of slice data as well.
The SLC format can be used as the interface format for the transfer of build data to the machine
control software of the RP device. As a pre-requisite for this, the machine control software must
be able to import and process SLC data.
There are three different types of SLC files according to the subdivision of the build data into
contours, hatches and supports. In case of the SLC format, it is not possible to combine those
types into one single data file. Therefore, different build data as for example contours and
supports must be saved in separate SLC files.
Hence, the SLC Interfacer offers the possibility to divide the build data generated in VisCAM into
several data files. The separate data files are then imported one after the other and joined by the
machine control without a loss of the geometric significance of the individual build data.
HINT: This means that, for example, you can export only the supports and combine them with
contours and hatches that have been generated with another software.
Dialog of the SLC Interfacer
Format
Export unit: Determines the unit of measurement used for the coordinates of the generated SLC
files. You can choose between inch and mm. The data files are then accordingly converted
during the export and saved to the SLC file.
Write multiple files
The CLI Interfacer analyses which of the different types of build data are contained in the slice
data and shows these in the corresponding dialog. An individual extension can be chosen for
each type of build data. It is added to the file name chosen in the file dialog of the function Save
as. If a certain type of build data does not exist in the slice data, the corresponding edit fields
are disabled.
396

SLC interface
The export of contours, supports and hatches can be either enabled or disabled by the activation
or deactivation of the preceding check box.
In addition, hatches can be divided into further subtypes, which can then be read in separately
and provided with different build parameters by the RP installation. Hatch types with different
extensions are saved in separate data files, whereas hatch types with the same extension are
saved together in one data file.
Reference: VisCAM Slice, Save as
397

SLI interface
Menu: Icon: Short cut:
Saves the build data in SLI format
To transfer the build data to RP-machines manufactured by 3D Systems, the slice data is stored
using the SLI format containing hatches and supports. The different geometries are mapped into
file internal vector types. The described dialog controls this mapping. At the RP machine the
different vector types are mapped to different illumination parameters. When saving SLI It is
important that this mapping is correct in reference to the resulting illumination at the RP
machine.
INFO: To call the SLI interface "3D Systems Slice Interface Format (SLI)" has to be chosen
within the file manager when saving slice data.
SLI vector settings
Different geometry types are mapped to SLI vector types. The selection is deactivated for
geometry types that are not available in the model, since no data can be written into the output
file.
No vector options is available for part contours. They are always mapped to
SLI_LAYER_BORDER.
INFO: For detailed information concerning the different hatch typed you can read Define
machine, Tab page Hatches.
Resolution
The SLI format uses a 16-bit coordinate representation with a defined resolution resp. precision.
This results into limits for the maximum displayable dimensions of a part. The system
automatically calculates the maximum resolution for the active data. But it is proposed to use a
common resolution of 200 resp. 400.
Resolution Precision max. Dimensions
398

200 1 / 200 mm 327 mm
400 1 / 400 mm 163 mm
Reference: Save as
SLI interface
399

Texture interface
Menu: Icon: Short cut:
Texture information processing with various 3D file formats
Various file formats allows to assign 2D color information at a triangle facet set to pretend more
details or to lodge color-coded statistics on the surface. This bitmaps are stored mostly in
external 2D picture files (e.g. PNG or JPG format) and are referenced within the 3D file. During
the manipulation and editing process in VisCAM, the texture information will be taken into
account and preserved.
The following file formats can be loaded including texture information:
• 3D Studio file format (3DS)
• VRML 1.0 & VRML 2.0 file format (WRL)
• Z Corporation ZPrint file format (ZPR)
• VisCAM 1.0 & 1.1 file format (VFX)
Triangle data files of VFX and ZPR format are written including texture information if available.
Dialog Loading texture file
The dialog “Loading texture file” for texture file selection is shown if a referenced external 2d
picture file cannot be opened while loading a triangle data file with texture support.
Select texture file
The picture file is entered here. The picture file can also be selected by using the file selection
dialog (“…”).
Use path to search for subsequent texture files
If activated the directory path of the selected picture file will be used to resolve subsequent
external references to picture files.
Ignore
No picture file is loaded for the current external reference. The related faces will be displayed
without texture.
Ignore all
No picture file is loaded for the current and all following not existing external references. All the
related faces will be displayed without texture.
400

Reference: Open, Save as, Textures
Texture processing
401

Index
A
Annotation .......... 133, 134, 148, 150, 153
Annotate model .............................. 153
Annotate object .............................. 150
Annotate spot ................................. 148
Delete annotations ........................... 134
Show annotations ........................... 133
B
Bottom plane ..................................... 303
Align to bottom plane ...................... 303
C
Contour ..................... 260, 264, 265, 267
Recalculate contour resolution ........... 264
Resolve contour resolution ................ 265
Show contour changes ..................... 267
Show points on contours .................. 260
E
Envelope .................... 279, 300, 301, 307
Define machine - Envelope ................ 279
Move to envelope ............................ 307
Set envelope layout ......................... 301
Show build envelope ........................ 300
H
Hatches ............................. 321, 323, 324
Delete hatches ................................ 323
Generate hatches ............................ 321
Show hatches ................................. 324
Holes .................. 161, 226, 227, 228, 247
Fill holes ........................................ 161
Manipulate holes menu .................... 226
Mark holes ..................................... 227
Unmark holes .................................. 228
I
Interfaces .... 379, 382, 391, 393, 396, 398
CLI Interface ................................... 379
G-Code interface ............................. 382
MJS interface ................................. 391
Raster image interface ..................... 393
SLC Interface .................................. 396
SLI interface ................................... 398
J
Job ........................................ 26, 30, 32
Close job .......................................... 32
Continue job ..................................... 30
Create job ........................................ 26
M
Machine ..... 275, 277, 279, 284, 285, 287,
289, 291, 295
Common ........................................ 277
Define machine ............................... 275
Envelope ........................................ 279
Hatches ......................................... 291
Layer ............................................. 289
Material.......................................... 284
Process .......................................... 285
Process 3D Printing ......................... 287
Support .......................................... 295
Measure ............. 135, 137, 140, 143, 145
Measure angle................................. 140
Measure distance ............................ 137
Measure object ............................... 145
Measure point ................................. 135
Measure radius ................................ 143
Mirror ................................................. 64
N
Normals .................................... 167, 168
Adjust triangles ............................... 167
Turn triangles .................................. 168
O
Options ....... 339, 340, 344, 346, 350, 352
Facet options .................................. 346
File options ..................................... 340
General options ............................... 339
Slice options ................................... 352
Surface options ............................... 350
View options .................................. 344
P
Placement .. 275, 281, 303, 304, 305, 306,
307
Align to bottom plane ...................... 303
Align to side plane ........................... 304
Define machine ............................... 275
Move to envelope ............................ 307
Orientate parts ................................ 305
Place parts ..................................... 306
Placement ...................................... 281
S
Scale .................................................. 62
Shells 172, 173, 174, 245, 246, 248, 249,
250
Count objects ................................. 172
Delete marked ................................. 249
Demerge objects ............................. 173
Manipulate shells menu .................... 245
Mark shells ..................................... 246
Merge objects ................................. 174
Shell options ................................... 250
Turn marked ................................... 248
Unmark shells ................................. 247
Slice thickness .................... 261, 263, 268
Calculate variable thickness .............. 261
403

VisCAM Help 4.0
Resolve slice thickness ..................... 263
Show thickness changes .................. 268
Slices .......................... 52, 259, 271, 352
Insert slice ...................................... 271
Show single slice ............................ 259
Slice options ................................... 352
Slices .............................................. 52
Slicing .............................................. 313
Generate slices ............................... 313
Stack ......................... 253, 256, 257, 258
Reset stack .................................... 256
Select stack .................................... 253
Step stack down ............................. 258
Step stack up ................................. 257
Store ............................................ 71, 72
Empty store ...................................... 71
Show store ....................................... 72
Supports ................................... 325, 327
Define machine - Supports ................ 295
Delete supports ............................... 327
Generate supports ........................... 325
Surface 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 350
Manipulate surfaces ......................... 238
Surface options ............................... 243
T
Texture processing ....................... 86, 400
Texture display ................................. 86
Texture import / export .................... 400
Triangles 51, 167, 168, 233, 235, 236, 346
Adjust triangles ............................... 167
Delete marked ................................. 236
Facet options .................................. 346
Manipulate triangles menu ................ 232
Mark triangles ................................. 233
404
U
Triangles .......................................... 51
Turn marked ................................... 235
Units .......................................... 65, 343
Convert units .................................... 65
Set default unit values ..................... 343
V
View................................................. 344
Cross section .................................... 76
Flat shaded ....................................... 92
Hidden line ....................................... 91
Position . 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103,
104, 105, 106, 107
Back ........................................... 102
Before ......................................... 107
Bottom ........................................ 100
Define ......................................... 106
Front .......................................... 101
Isometric ....................................... 98
Left ............................................ 103
Reset ............................................ 97
Right .......................................... 104
Top .............................................. 99
User ........................................... 105
Smooth shaded ................................. 93
Wire Frame ....................................... 90
Z
Zoom ......................... 128, 129, 130, 131
Reset zoom .................................... 129
Zoom free ...................................... 128
Zoom in ......................................... 130
Zoom out ....................................... 131