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KOKINO HOLY MOUNTAIN AND ANCIENT OBSERVATORY INTRODUCTION Jovica StankovSki, Gjore Cenev Myths associated with sacred mountains as places where the sky and the earth are linked and places where gods live have been registered in the history of all ancient nations and cultures. By a ritual climbing on the sacred mountain the people were returning to their origins and getting in contact with their gods. Thus, for instance, God Shiva-Maheshvara in India always descended on the top of Mount Ba-Phnom, 72 Chinese emperors offered sacrifices on the top of Mount Tai, Moses received the stone tablets with God’s commandments on the top of Mount Sinai, and so on. In the Republic of Macedonia in 2001, under the mountain peak of Tatikev Kamen, an archaeological site was discovered from the Bronze Age in human civilization development. The discovered artifacts in the archaeological campaigns, as well as the archaeoastronomical analysis in the following years, demonstrated that the site had all the characteristics of a mythical mountain, as well as of an ancient observatory. Today, this site is known under the name of Kokino Megalith Observatory, or simply Kokino. The Kokino Megalith Observatory is located on the north-east part of Macedonia near the border with Serbia (more precisely: geographic latitude 42.15 degrees, geographic longitude 21.57 degrees). It is situated in the region of the village of Kokino, on the border with the village of Arbanasko. Today, the entire region is scarcely inhabited, so that in the dozen surrounding villages there live less than 1,000 people. This situation is a result of two factors: the lagging behind the industrial Jovica Stankovski, Ph.D. is an archaeologist and director of the National Museum in Kumanovo, Republic of Macedonia. Mr. Gjore Cenev is an astrophysicist and editor of the astronomical program and Planetarium at the Youth Cultural Center in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. 5 UDC: 902:711.42(497.7-22)
- Jovica StankovSki, Gjore Cenev development and absence of conditions for agricultural development and cattle breeding on the one and the tempestuous history of this region in the past centuries on the other side. As an illustration, we can mention the more recent historic events. At the end of the 17th century (in 1689, to be more precise) the famous Karpos Uprising broke out. The leader of the uprising, Karpos, tried to profit from the great defeat that the Turks had suffered from the Austrian army under the Vienna’s ramparts. Austrian General Piccolomini chased the Turks as far as Skopje, and Karpos had hoped that, in cooperation with Piccolomini, he could liberate these regions from the Turkish slavery. However, Piccolomini soon withdrew with his army and Karpos’s rebels were left on their own. The Turks suppressed in blood the uprising, while the people from this region had to flee from the Turkish retaliations. Due to these reasons, the whole region had been practically uninhabited until the beginning of the 19th century. At that time (in 1804) the First Uprising broke out in Serbia, which also ended without success and was suppressed in blood in 1813. Running away from the Turks, these parts were inhabited by larger groups of Serbs from the north, because of which today the population in the surrounding villages is a mixed combination of Serbs and <strong>Macedonian</strong>s. The settlers had an influence on the changing of the toponyms in the region. So, for instance, the peak of the mountain where the site is located is called Tatikev Kamen (Tatic’s Stone, trans.). Today we believe that this name is of a recent origin, because the surrounding peaks of the mountains bear names like Peralo, Peren, and so on, which, according to linguists, basically have the root “per” that in the language of the Indo- European peoples meant stone. It is interesting to note that, according to some legends narrated by the peasants, long time ago a lot of horses used to be raised in this region, while many of the inhabitants used to be skilled horsemen. According to some claims, a large part of the elite cavalry of the great Alexander of Macedonia was composed of inhabitants from this region and they had saved the life of the great military leader several times. There are written testimonies about these events in history. In the broader region a rising number of archaeological sites from the Roman and the broader ancient period have been registered, as well as a large number of sites of the Iron, the Bronze, and the Neolithic ages. This means that the entire region has a long history of at least 7,000 years full of important dwellings, holy places, events, and personalities.
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