Fourth International Orca Symposium and Workshop - CEBC - CNRS

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ehavior change and prey). Mediterranean Sea: 1. Pollution, 2. fishery interactions, 3. whale watching/ boat traffic 1. Pollution (debris), 2. disturbance/ harassment (boats), 3. fishery interactions (prey and shooting). Prince Edward Islands: 1. Fishery interaction (operational, shooting, entanglement), 2. biological interactions (removal of prey), 3. pollution. South Western Atlantic: 1. Governance, 2. fishery interactions (Antarctic cod, swordfish), 3. habitat loss (cultural-core use areas) Alaska Prince William Sound: 1. Prey, 2. whale watching, 3. toxics 1. Pollution, 2. fishery interactions, 3. whale watching/ boat traffic 1. Governance, 2. prey, 3. pollution 1. Fisheries, 2. pollution, 3. governance. 1. Habitat loss, 2. climate change, 3. governance. 1. Prey, 2. whale watching, 3. toxics FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOPS SEPTEMBER 23-28 2002, CEBC-CNRS, France 18
KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - ACOUSTIC Participants: John Ford fordjo@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca (Facilitator and Rapporteur) Harald Yurk yurk@zoology.ubc.ca (Assistant Rapporteur) Ari Shapiro smiling_whale@earthlink.net (Assistant Rapporteur) Volker Deecke deecke@zoology.ubc.ca Renaud de Stephanis renaud@teleline.es Olga Filatova alazor@rambler.ru Andrew Foote andrew.foote@hotmail.com Antoine Godefroid spiroutonio@hotmail.com Sarah Graham mickeylegs@yahoo.com Teo Leyssen teoleyssen@belgacom.net Nicola Rehn nicola.rehn@arcor.de Eva Saulitis saulitis@pobox.xyz.net Silvia Scali silvia_scali@yahoo.it Malene Juul Simon mjsimon@zi.ku.dk Frank Thomsen thomsen@zoologie.uni-hamburg.de Brigitte Weiss a9400355@unet.univie.ac.at _____________________________________________________________________ The objective of the Acoustic Workshop was to focus discussion on a number of topics related to the recording, analysis, and interpretation of underwater acoustic signals of killer whales. These included discussion of recent advances in the technologies involved in field recording and laboratory analysis of killer whale sounds, the use of acoustics as a tool in field studies, the description and definition of acoustic signals, and the state of knowledge regarding the function of these signals. Discussions also focused on important gaps in our knowledge of killer whale acoustic behaviour, and how these might be filled. The following represents a synopsis of these discussions. Recording and Analysis: Advancing technology has provided many exciting new opportunities for the recording and analysis of killer whale acoustic signals. A number of hardware and software options are now available for all stages of acoustic data acquisition and analysis. Most field studies of killer whale acoustics involve recording signals from a small boat using a portable hydrophone and recorder system. To record social communication signals, a single omni-directional hydrophone with built-in preamplifier having a receiving sensitivity of at least -150 to -170 dB re 1 µPa over a frequency band of 100 Hz to 20 kHz is quite adequate. Recordings where bearing and distance to sound sources require more complex, multi-element hydrophone arrays. Recordings of killer whales suitable for description of the basic structure of call types up to 15 kHz can be recorded using a professional-calibre audio cassette recorder. Few manufacturers currently make these types of recorders, although Marantz produces several good models in both mono and stereo formats. Reel-to-reel recorders are becoming scarce, but have the capability of making excellent recordings with FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOPS SEPTEMBER 23-28 2002, CEBC-CNRS, France 19
Page 1 and 2: Fourth International Orca Symposium
Page 3 and 4: Anatomy of a Long-term Study: Popul
Page 5 and 6: KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - FORAGING EC
Page 7 and 8: (including crittercams) and high-fr
Page 9 and 10: The way prey avoids killer whale pr
Page 11 and 12: KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - CONSERVATIO
Page 13 and 14: • Are killer whales opportunistic
Page 15 and 16: 6. Lack of Governance The wise appl
Page 17: Appendix 1 Top 3 threats to killer
Page 21 and 22: lowest band, and burst-pulsing can
Page 23 and 24: the presence of killer whales throu
Page 25 and 26: KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - POPULATION
Page 27 and 28: that resident killer whales have bo
Page 29 and 30: Bigg also used the alphanumeric sys
Page 31 and 32: Stevens, T.A., D.A. Duffield, E.D.
Page 33 and 34: population but that have markedly d
Page 35 and 36: KILLER WHALES AT MARION ISLAND, SOU
Page 37 and 38: watching from shore based vantage p
Page 39 and 40: Frequency of occurrence (%) 5 4,5 4
Page 41 and 42: Great White Shark (north of Montere
Page 43 and 44: white shark attack 1997 40° 30° 8
Page 45 and 46: KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA) OF ALA
Page 47 and 48: sightings for RJ were obtained from
Page 49 and 50: Figure 1. Sightings (o) and strandi
Page 51 and 52: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sightings Ov
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 2 - The overall gray pigmentat
Page 55 and 56: average click sounds with 51 clicks
Page 57 and 58: THE BC CETACEAN SIGHTINGS NETWORK:
Page 59 and 60: VOCAL BEHAVIOUR OF TRANSIENT KILLER
Page 61 and 62: Call rate (calls per individual per
Page 63 and 64: MIRROR IMAGE PROCESSING IN KILLER W
Page 65 and 66: ANALYSIS OF THE DISCRETE CALLS OF K
Page 67 and 68: REFERENCES Ford J.K.B. Call traditi
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IS KILLER WHALE (ORCINUS ORCA) BEHA
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localize the vocalizations of indiv
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A total of 16 pods were described f
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BEHAVIOURAL AND ACOUSTIC DIFFERENCE
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ANALYSIS OF PHOTO-IDENTIFICATION DA
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Overall, there is some evidence for
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ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF KILLER WHA
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WORLD-WIDE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE
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COOPERATIVE HUNTING AND PREY HANDLI
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Using this method established by Bi
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SURFACE INTERVALS OF AN ADULT MALE
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VARIABILITIES IN SURFACE INTERVALS
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The lack of understanding of transi
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ANATOMY OF A LONG-TERM STUDY: POPUL
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Blubber from biopsy samples were an
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km from southeastern Alaska, south
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Most large whale kills from Mexico
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Figure 1 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA
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UNRAVELING THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL
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On the basis of these reported sigh
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KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA) IN AUS
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Southern Oceans Orca Database The S
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evidence that it had ingested piece
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Figure 1. Distribution of killer wh
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LIFE HISTORY AND POPULATION DYNAMIC
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The population model predicted that
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LIFE HISTORY AND DECLINE OF KILLER
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and Otto’s and Generalised Remova
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killer whale concentrations in Prin
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TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEM
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3. Barrett-Lennard,L.G. 2000. Popul
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THE BIOLOGY AND STATUS OF AN ENDANG
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MATCHED VOCAL EXCHANGES OF SHARED S
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The total number of good quality lo
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AERIAL VOCALISATIONS OF KILLER WHAL
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Pilot Whales (Globicephala melas),
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FIG.1: Research Area FIG.2: Aleator
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THEODOLITE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF
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FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA SYMPOSIUM
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Southeaster n Alaska Study Figure 1
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ENCOUNTERS 5 4 3 2 1 0 SEP OCT NOV
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WHAT IS THE FAVOURITE PREY ? FORAGI
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1998, Hoelzel et al. 1998, Matkin e
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LITERATURE CITIED Bain, D.E. 1989.
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een an observed attack on Northern
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percent number of sightings 16 14 1
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also analyse earlier recordings obt
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Thomsen, F., Franck, D. and Ford, J
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A REVIEW OF SHORT- AND LONG-TERM EF
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question of whether whale watching
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values of all possible pairs of wha
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Bigg, M.A, Ellis, G.M., Ford J.K.B.
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Figure 2. Cluster tree of associati
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RESULTS: A total of 55 echo-sounder
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Figure texts for the summary of: "N
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The Orca Survey staff has accentuat
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Travel formation in relation to num
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NEW ZEALAND ORCA Visser I.N. Orca R
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Visser, I. N. (2000). Orca (Orcinus
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~ Some Antarctic killer whales have
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FIRST PHOTO-IDENTIFICATION MATCHES
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variable calls was significantly hi
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whales, rather than providing infor
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Figure 1. Predicted density of kill
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Probability Randomly choose paramet
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WHY DO SOME KILLER WHALES TALK SO M
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Figure2: Spectrographic examples of
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Deecke, V. B., J. K. B. Ford, et al
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Secchi, 47 Shapiro, 136 Sigurjonsso
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Fourth International Orca Symposium and Workshop - CEBC - CNRS

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