Fourth International Orca Symposium and Workshop - CEBC - CNRS

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Workshops FORAGING ECOLOGY CONSERVATION ACOUSTIC POPULATION DYNAMICS, POPULATION STRUCTURE AND LIFE-HISTORY FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOPS SEPTEMBER 23-28 2002, CEBC-CNRS, France 4
KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - FORAGING ECOLOGY Participants: Nancy Black Yves Cherel Luciano Dalla Rosa Paolo Domenici Graeme Ellis Christophe Guinet Dena Matkin Eva Saulitis Karina Tarasyan Alisa Schulman-Janiger Tiu Similä Jan Straley Richard Ternullo Victoria Turner Ingrid Visser Arliss Winship INTRODUCTION The workshop participants discussed the following topics - How generalist/specialist are killer whale populations in their choice of prey? How flexible are killer whales to changes in prey abundance? - How can we identify the prey species of killer whales? - How does the choice of prey affect the behaviour and habitat use of killer whales ? - Recommendations for future work HOW GENERALIST/SPECIALIST ARE KILLER WHALES? In the previous Orca Symposium in 1990 one of the main topics of discussions was the presence of two different types of killer whales in the coastal waters of eastern Pacific Ocean (from Alaska to California): the fish feeding residents and the marine mammal feeding transients. The difference in diet affects profoundly the behaviour, occurrence pattern, social organisation and acoustics of the two populations. The presence of two different types of killer whales within the same geographic area received much attention, and it was questioned if a similar situation existed elsewhere in the world and also if any killer whale populations have a more ”mixed” diet containing both marine mammals and fish. At that time there was evidence for the existence of separate marine mammal and fish feeding populations in the Antarctic waters, but information from other regions was considered preliminary. Since 1990, a third type of killer whale, ”offshore killer whales” have been described in the Northeastern Pacific. The offshore killer whales feed on fish and severe tooth wear suggests that an abrasive food source, such as elasmobranchs might be part of their diet. The offshore killer whales have not bee observed to mix with the residents and therefore it is suggested that sympatric, fish-feeding populations exist in these waters as well. In a recently started study in Kamchatka, Russia, the prey type of killer whales during summer season has been identified as fish (herring, mackerel and salmon). In Gibraltar Strait killer whales are feeding on tuna, also from the longlines used in the local fishery. Interaction with longline fishery has also been documented from the Crozet Islands, New Zealand and Brazil. In the Northeast Atlantic killer whales feed on herring stocks both in Icelandic and Norwegian FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOPS SEPTEMBER 23-28 2002, CEBC-CNRS, France 5
Page 1 and 2: Fourth International Orca Symposium
Page 3: Anatomy of a Long-term Study: Popul
Page 7 and 8: (including crittercams) and high-fr
Page 9 and 10: The way prey avoids killer whale pr
Page 11 and 12: KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - CONSERVATIO
Page 13 and 14: • Are killer whales opportunistic
Page 15 and 16: 6. Lack of Governance The wise appl
Page 17 and 18: Appendix 1 Top 3 threats to killer
Page 19 and 20: KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - ACOUSTIC Pa
Page 21 and 22: lowest band, and burst-pulsing can
Page 23 and 24: the presence of killer whales throu
Page 25 and 26: KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - POPULATION
Page 27 and 28: that resident killer whales have bo
Page 29 and 30: Bigg also used the alphanumeric sys
Page 31 and 32: Stevens, T.A., D.A. Duffield, E.D.
Page 33 and 34: population but that have markedly d
Page 35 and 36: KILLER WHALES AT MARION ISLAND, SOU
Page 37 and 38: watching from shore based vantage p
Page 39 and 40: Frequency of occurrence (%) 5 4,5 4
Page 41 and 42: Great White Shark (north of Montere
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Page 45 and 46: KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA) OF ALA
Page 47 and 48: sightings for RJ were obtained from
Page 49 and 50: Figure 1. Sightings (o) and strandi
Page 51 and 52: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sightings Ov
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 2 - The overall gray pigmentat
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average click sounds with 51 clicks
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THE BC CETACEAN SIGHTINGS NETWORK:
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VOCAL BEHAVIOUR OF TRANSIENT KILLER
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Call rate (calls per individual per
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MIRROR IMAGE PROCESSING IN KILLER W
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ANALYSIS OF THE DISCRETE CALLS OF K
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REFERENCES Ford J.K.B. Call traditi
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IS KILLER WHALE (ORCINUS ORCA) BEHA
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localize the vocalizations of indiv
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A total of 16 pods were described f
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BEHAVIOURAL AND ACOUSTIC DIFFERENCE
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ANALYSIS OF PHOTO-IDENTIFICATION DA
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Overall, there is some evidence for
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ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF KILLER WHA
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WORLD-WIDE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE
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COOPERATIVE HUNTING AND PREY HANDLI
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Using this method established by Bi
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SURFACE INTERVALS OF AN ADULT MALE
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VARIABILITIES IN SURFACE INTERVALS
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The lack of understanding of transi
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ANATOMY OF A LONG-TERM STUDY: POPUL
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Blubber from biopsy samples were an
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km from southeastern Alaska, south
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Most large whale kills from Mexico
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Figure 1 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA
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UNRAVELING THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL
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On the basis of these reported sigh
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KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA) IN AUS
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Southern Oceans Orca Database The S
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evidence that it had ingested piece
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Figure 1. Distribution of killer wh
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LIFE HISTORY AND POPULATION DYNAMIC
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The population model predicted that
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LIFE HISTORY AND DECLINE OF KILLER
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and Otto’s and Generalised Remova
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killer whale concentrations in Prin
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TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEM
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3. Barrett-Lennard,L.G. 2000. Popul
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THE BIOLOGY AND STATUS OF AN ENDANG
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MATCHED VOCAL EXCHANGES OF SHARED S
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The total number of good quality lo
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AERIAL VOCALISATIONS OF KILLER WHAL
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Pilot Whales (Globicephala melas),
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FIG.1: Research Area FIG.2: Aleator
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THEODOLITE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF
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FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA SYMPOSIUM
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Southeaster n Alaska Study Figure 1
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ENCOUNTERS 5 4 3 2 1 0 SEP OCT NOV
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WHAT IS THE FAVOURITE PREY ? FORAGI
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1998, Hoelzel et al. 1998, Matkin e
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LITERATURE CITIED Bain, D.E. 1989.
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een an observed attack on Northern
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percent number of sightings 16 14 1
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also analyse earlier recordings obt
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Thomsen, F., Franck, D. and Ford, J
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A REVIEW OF SHORT- AND LONG-TERM EF
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question of whether whale watching
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values of all possible pairs of wha
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Bigg, M.A, Ellis, G.M., Ford J.K.B.
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Figure 2. Cluster tree of associati
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RESULTS: A total of 55 echo-sounder
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Figure texts for the summary of: "N
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The Orca Survey staff has accentuat
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Travel formation in relation to num
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NEW ZEALAND ORCA Visser I.N. Orca R
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Visser, I. N. (2000). Orca (Orcinus
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~ Some Antarctic killer whales have
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FIRST PHOTO-IDENTIFICATION MATCHES
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variable calls was significantly hi
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whales, rather than providing infor
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Figure 1. Predicted density of kill
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Probability Randomly choose paramet
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WHY DO SOME KILLER WHALES TALK SO M
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Figure2: Spectrographic examples of
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Deecke, V. B., J. K. B. Ford, et al
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Secchi, 47 Shapiro, 136 Sigurjonsso
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Fourth International Orca Symposium and Workshop - CEBC - CNRS

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