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Fourth International Orca Symposium and Workshop - CEBC - CNRS

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Poncelet noted that dispersal occurs among pods of elephant seal-eating killer whales at the<br />

Crozet Isl<strong>and</strong>s. Barrett-Lennard noted that transient dispersal is female-biased, <strong>and</strong> tends to<br />

occur after female offspring have their first calf. This is similar to the Crozet Isl<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong><br />

suggests that the primary function of dispersal in mammal-eating killer whales is to reduce<br />

food competition. It was agreed that, with the exception of resident killer whales in the<br />

northeast Pacific, social structure in killer whales is still poorly understood <strong>and</strong> should be a<br />

research priority in future studies.<br />

Bibliography<br />

Barrett-Lennard, L.G. (2000). Population structure <strong>and</strong> mating patterns of killer whales (Orcinus orca) as<br />

revealed by DNA analysis. Zoology. Vancouver, British Columbia, University of British<br />

Columbia: 97.<br />

Barrett-Lennard, L.G., T.G. Smith, G.M. Ellis (1996). "A cetacean biopsy system using lightweight<br />

pneumatic darts, <strong>and</strong> its effect on the behaviour of killer whales." Marine Mammal Science 12: 14-<br />

27.<br />

Bigg, M.A., A.A. Wolman (1975). "Live-capture killer whale (Orcinus orca) fishery, British Columbia <strong>and</strong><br />

Washington, 1962-73." Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32: 1213-1221.<br />

Bigg, M.A. (1982). "An assessment of killer whale (Orcinus orca) stocks off Vancouver Isl<strong>and</strong>, British<br />

Columbia." Report of the <strong>International</strong> Whaling Commission 32: 625-666.<br />

Bigg, M.A., G.M. Ellis, K.C. Balcomb (1986). "The photographic identification of individual cetaceans."<br />

Whalewatcher 20: 10-12.<br />

Bigg, M.A., P.F. Olesiuk, G. M. Ellis (1990). "Social organization <strong>and</strong> genealogy of resident killer whales<br />

(Orcinus orca) in the coastal waters of British Columbia <strong>and</strong> Washington State." Report of the<br />

<strong>International</strong> Whaling Commission: 383-405.<br />

Ford, J.K. . (1991). "Vocal traditions among resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in coastal waters of<br />

British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 1454-1483.<br />

Ford, J.K.B., G.M. Ellis, L.G. Barrett-Lennard, A. B. Morton, K. C. Balcomb (1998). "Dietary<br />

specialization in two sympatric populations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in coastal British<br />

Columbia <strong>and</strong> adjacent waters." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76: 1456-1471.<br />

Guinet, C. (1992). "Comportement de chasse des orques (Orcinus orca) autour des iles Crozet." Canadian<br />

Journal of Zoology 70: 1656-1667.<br />

Hoelzel, A.R., G.A. Dover (1991). "Genetic differentiation between sympatric killer whale populations."<br />

Heredity 66: 191-195.<br />

Hoelzel, A.R., M. Dahlheim, S.J. Stern (1998). "Low genetic variation among killer whales (Orcinus orca)<br />

in the Eastern North Pacific, <strong>and</strong> genetic differentiation between foraging specialists." Journal of<br />

Heredity 89: 121-128.<br />

Matkin, C.O., G.M. Ellis, E.L. Saulitis, L.G. Barrett-Lennard, D.R. Matkin (1999). Killer Whales of<br />

Southern Alaska. Homer, Alaska, North Gulf Oceanic Society.<br />

Olesiuk, P.F., M.A. Bigg, G.M. Ellis (1990). "Life history <strong>and</strong> population dynamics of resident killer whales<br />

(Orcinus orca) in the coastal waters of British Columbia <strong>and</strong> Washington State." Report of the<br />

<strong>International</strong> Whaling Commission(Special Issue 12): 209-243.<br />

Similä, T., J.C. Holst, I. Christensen (1996). "Occurrence <strong>and</strong> diet of killer whales in northern Norway:<br />

seasonal patterns relative to the distribution <strong>and</strong> abundance of Norwegian spring-spawning<br />

herring." Canadian Journal of Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Aquatic Sciences 53: 769-779.<br />

FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOPS<br />

SEPTEMBER 23-28 2002, <strong>CEBC</strong>-<strong>CNRS</strong>, France<br />

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