Fourth International Orca Symposium and Workshop - CEBC - CNRS

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50° 40° 164 30° 20° 4 3 Kodiak Is. Alaska 23 2 3 3 Farallon Is. Coos Bay, OR Monterey Bay Santa Barbara, CA 24 Los Angeles, CA 0 Southeast Alaska British Columbia Baja California, MX 180-230 Identified off California as of 2002 3,680 km Figure 4. Distribution of Offshores FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOPS SEPTEMBER 23-28 2002, CEBC-CNRS, France 44
KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA) OF ALASKA: GULF OF ALASKA TO THE BERING SEA. Dahlheim M.E. 1 , Ellifrit D.K. 2 , Hoelzel A.R. 3 , DeLeuw R. 1 . 1 Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, Washington 98115; marilyn.dahlheim@noaa.gov; 2 Center for Whale Research, 1359 Smuggler’s Cove Road, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250; 3 Dept. of Biological Sciences, Durham University, United Kingdom; The documented decline of Steller sea lions, harbor seals, and sea otters in the western Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea has raised questions about the potential impact that killer whale predation may have on these populations. Predator population size is a key factor when determining impacts on prey populations. Although killer whale population size and stock structure is well documented for the waters of Southeast Alaska and Prince William Sound, this is not so for killer whales inhabiting the waters west of Kodiak Island to the Bering Sea. The first dedicated killer whale surveys in this area occurred in 1992 and 1993 where minimum counts of killer whales were obtained through photo-identification studies. Analyses of photographic data from both the dedicated surveys and fishery observer program (1980 to 2001) have resulted in the identification of approximately 400 individual killer whales. In 2001, a dedicated killer whale survey was completed in the waters from Kodiak Island west to the Eastern Aleutian Islands. In addition to the photo-identification study, killer whale biopsy samples were collected to enable us to identify resident, offshore, or transient eco-types. Based on the 2001 surveys, we have added approximately 240 whales to our photographic database. We have confirmed the presence of all three eco-types in this Alaskan region. At least 100 of these Alaskan killer whales have been seen multiple times over a 10year period allowing us to track movements of individual whales. In addition, resident killer whales from Southeast Alaska, Gulf of Alaska, and Bering Sea have been documented together linking killer whales throughout Alaskan waters. Offshore whales were found south of Kodiak Island, resulting in the northern most sighting of this eco-type. FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOPS SEPTEMBER 23-28 2002, CEBC-CNRS, France 45
Page 1 and 2: Fourth International Orca Symposium
Page 3 and 4: Anatomy of a Long-term Study: Popul
Page 5 and 6: KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - FORAGING EC
Page 7 and 8: (including crittercams) and high-fr
Page 9 and 10: The way prey avoids killer whale pr
Page 11 and 12: KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - CONSERVATIO
Page 13 and 14: • Are killer whales opportunistic
Page 15 and 16: 6. Lack of Governance The wise appl
Page 17 and 18: Appendix 1 Top 3 threats to killer
Page 19 and 20: KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - ACOUSTIC Pa
Page 21 and 22: lowest band, and burst-pulsing can
Page 23 and 24: the presence of killer whales throu
Page 25 and 26: KILLER WHALE WORKSHOP - POPULATION
Page 27 and 28: that resident killer whales have bo
Page 29 and 30: Bigg also used the alphanumeric sys
Page 31 and 32: Stevens, T.A., D.A. Duffield, E.D.
Page 33 and 34: population but that have markedly d
Page 35 and 36: KILLER WHALES AT MARION ISLAND, SOU
Page 37 and 38: watching from shore based vantage p
Page 39 and 40: Frequency of occurrence (%) 5 4,5 4
Page 41 and 42: Great White Shark (north of Montere
Page 43: white shark attack 1997 40° 30° 8
Page 47 and 48: sightings for RJ were obtained from
Page 49 and 50: Figure 1. Sightings (o) and strandi
Page 51 and 52: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sightings Ov
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 2 - The overall gray pigmentat
Page 55 and 56: average click sounds with 51 clicks
Page 57 and 58: THE BC CETACEAN SIGHTINGS NETWORK:
Page 59 and 60: VOCAL BEHAVIOUR OF TRANSIENT KILLER
Page 61 and 62: Call rate (calls per individual per
Page 63 and 64: MIRROR IMAGE PROCESSING IN KILLER W
Page 65 and 66: ANALYSIS OF THE DISCRETE CALLS OF K
Page 67 and 68: REFERENCES Ford J.K.B. Call traditi
Page 69 and 70: IS KILLER WHALE (ORCINUS ORCA) BEHA
Page 71 and 72: localize the vocalizations of indiv
Page 73 and 74: A total of 16 pods were described f
Page 75 and 76: BEHAVIOURAL AND ACOUSTIC DIFFERENCE
Page 77 and 78: ANALYSIS OF PHOTO-IDENTIFICATION DA
Page 79 and 80: Overall, there is some evidence for
Page 81 and 82: ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF KILLER WHA
Page 83 and 84: WORLD-WIDE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE
Page 85 and 86: COOPERATIVE HUNTING AND PREY HANDLI
Page 87 and 88: Using this method established by Bi
Page 89 and 90: SURFACE INTERVALS OF AN ADULT MALE
Page 91 and 92: VARIABILITIES IN SURFACE INTERVALS
Page 93 and 94: The lack of understanding of transi
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ANATOMY OF A LONG-TERM STUDY: POPUL
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Blubber from biopsy samples were an
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km from southeastern Alaska, south
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Most large whale kills from Mexico
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Figure 1 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA
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UNRAVELING THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL
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On the basis of these reported sigh
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KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA) IN AUS
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Southern Oceans Orca Database The S
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evidence that it had ingested piece
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Figure 1. Distribution of killer wh
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LIFE HISTORY AND POPULATION DYNAMIC
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The population model predicted that
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LIFE HISTORY AND DECLINE OF KILLER
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and Otto’s and Generalised Remova
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killer whale concentrations in Prin
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TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEM
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3. Barrett-Lennard,L.G. 2000. Popul
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THE BIOLOGY AND STATUS OF AN ENDANG
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MATCHED VOCAL EXCHANGES OF SHARED S
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The total number of good quality lo
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AERIAL VOCALISATIONS OF KILLER WHAL
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Pilot Whales (Globicephala melas),
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FIG.1: Research Area FIG.2: Aleator
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THEODOLITE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF
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FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ORCA SYMPOSIUM
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Southeaster n Alaska Study Figure 1
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ENCOUNTERS 5 4 3 2 1 0 SEP OCT NOV
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WHAT IS THE FAVOURITE PREY ? FORAGI
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1998, Hoelzel et al. 1998, Matkin e
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LITERATURE CITIED Bain, D.E. 1989.
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een an observed attack on Northern
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percent number of sightings 16 14 1
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also analyse earlier recordings obt
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Thomsen, F., Franck, D. and Ford, J
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A REVIEW OF SHORT- AND LONG-TERM EF
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question of whether whale watching
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values of all possible pairs of wha
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Bigg, M.A, Ellis, G.M., Ford J.K.B.
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Figure 2. Cluster tree of associati
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RESULTS: A total of 55 echo-sounder
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Figure texts for the summary of: "N
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The Orca Survey staff has accentuat
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Travel formation in relation to num
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NEW ZEALAND ORCA Visser I.N. Orca R
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Visser, I. N. (2000). Orca (Orcinus
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~ Some Antarctic killer whales have
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FIRST PHOTO-IDENTIFICATION MATCHES
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variable calls was significantly hi
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whales, rather than providing infor
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Figure 1. Predicted density of kill
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Probability Randomly choose paramet
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WHY DO SOME KILLER WHALES TALK SO M
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Figure2: Spectrographic examples of
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Deecke, V. B., J. K. B. Ford, et al
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Secchi, 47 Shapiro, 136 Sigurjonsso
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