Propagation Effects Handbook for Satellite Systems - DESCANSO ...

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The results of these two techniques for 11.7 GHz data both from VPI&SU and the University of Texas (C.W. Bostian, et al-1979) are shown in Figure 6.6-1. Clearly these results indicate a wide spread of values have been obtained to date even though they are averaged over an entire year. The attenuation has been truncated at 5 dB because of the effects of ice depolarization (see Section 6.6.3). VPI&SU has also related the XPD to attenuation for each month of 1978 for which 5 dB or greater fades occurred. These ~ and ~ results are shown in Table 6.6-1 for the number of half-minute samples indicated. The R 2 term, a correlation coefficient, is a measure of the goodness of the fit. The wide variations noted are simalar to those observed by other investigators. Additional data from the University of Texas at Austin (Vogel - 1979) incorporating exceedance values is presented in Figure 6.6-2. These curves show the 10%, 50% (median) and 90% expectation of exceeded isolation for each attenuation. For example at 5 dB (meaning 4 dB S A S 5 dB) the XPD exceeded 23 dB for 90%, exceeded 28 dB for 50% and exceeded 33 dB for 10% of the data. The logarithmic fit to these three curves is 10% : XPD - 42.9 - 17.5 logloA 50% : XPD - 35.8 - 13.4 loglOA 90% : XPD - 31.5 - 12.6 logloA 6-108 - -.
B . k 11.7 26 \ QHz DATA, CTS A VPl&SU 1978 STATISTICAL B VPl&SU 1978 INSTANTANEOUS C U. OF TEXAS 10/784/78 STATISTICAL D U. OF TEXAS 2/78-1 /79 STATISTICAL \x ‘ \ \ \+. \ . \ I lx m J lo! 6 10 20 30 ATTENUATION (dB) Figure 6.6-1. Cross-Polarization Discrimination Versus Attenuation for Statistical and Instantaneous Data 6-109 \
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1 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.1.1 purpose CH
Page 3 and 4:
,s Table 6.1-1. Guide to Sample Cal
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I . . 6.1.4 Other Propagation Effec
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. . collisions at normal atmospheri
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D 1000 100 10 1 U.S. Standard Atmos
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Frequency (GHz) 10 15 20 30 40 80 1
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If PW is not available from local w
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. . The equivalent heights for oxyg
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m t TEMPERATURE rC) o 5 10 15 20 25
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6.3 PREDICTION OF CUMULATIVE STATIS
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LSTATION LOCATION AND ELEVATION STE
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The models require the following in
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I z za E 100 g w ~ z z K 50 a) ALL
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B . . . t- I I I I I 1 11/1 - . . .
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.- . 9 s@EQ - If Z S D, compute the
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1 0.02 0.05 0.2 0.5 4. Compute D: U
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I . ,. . ~ q 8 H v ~ 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.
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Step 6 Calculate the attenuation ex
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m I : STEP 1 SELECT CLIMATE ZONE FR
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9 10.OOOO 1.0000 0,1ooo 0.0100 0.00
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1 6.3.3 Estimates of Attenuation Gi
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● We now proceed exactly as in th
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STEP 1 GIVEN: STATION PARAMETERS SA
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. B . . . 4. Repeat the process for
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. . ● 100 10 1.0 .1 .01 . . RAIN
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not normally available~ but empiric
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● The intensity-duration-frequenc
Page 55 and 56:
- GIVEN: STATION PARAMETERS OPERATI
Page 57 and 58: m I s 70 2(J I 10 0 a) BY SEASONS
Page 59 and 60: .“ ● change in rain rater the r
Page 61 and 62: m To x o 6 x(n wux!- (5 zawwvxw x 1
Page 63 and 64: ● ✎ ✎ ✎ 10 1 0.1 0.01 0 . -
Page 65 and 66: ● ✎ ✎ ✎ appears to be gener
Page 67 and 68: 6.4.2.3 Statistics of Microwave Eff
Page 69 and 70: ● For each hour’s observations,
Page 71 and 72: Plots of noise temperature and atte
Page 73 and 74: .- I where Lf is the fog extent~ in
Page 75 and 76: than a minute and on spatial scales
Page 77 and 78: . . . 022 = angle-of-arrival varian
Page 79 and 80: B . . Figure 6.5-2 represents the a
Page 81 and 82: - . . , 1 I t , 3 , I 1 # 1 1 aJ 0a
Page 83 and 84: I . . -. % i ! ~ * 76.00 I h 60.00
Page 85 and 86: I where the constants are the same
Page 87 and 88: .U . . \ Table 6.5-1. Fading Data P
Page 89 and 90: o -5C \ A — . \ \ \ \ N- ● ●
Page 91 and 92: I 1 \ 0,, FADE DEPTHS I 1 l.d 0.1 1
Page 93 and 94: 9 m ELEVATION ANGLE [DEGREESI ELEVA
Page 95 and 96: Figure 6.5-12 is an example for thi
Page 97 and 98: equal. The fade distributions resul
Page 99 and 100: m . ANTENNA BEAMVVID~ (DEG) d o 0 w
Page 101 and 102: . . 6.5.5.2.2 Spatial Diversity. Pa
Page 103 and 104: fluctuation power at 1 Hz is on the
Page 105 and 106: develops (Pruppacher and Pitter-197
Page 107: .8 where: f = frequency, in GHz r =
Page 111 and 112: \ for the 11.7 GHz CTS beacon at 50
Page 113 and 114: ● these do not correlate well wit
Page 115 and 116: . However the XPD dependence on ele
Page 117 and 118: -. 50 40 30 20 10 0 . T(XPD < ABCIS
Page 119 and 120: 9 electrostatic fields discharge ra
Page 121 and 122: , f w m I
Page 123 and 124: . XPD 2 = XPD1 - 20 lo91~ f ~ 1 0.4
Page 125 and 126: ● 3.0 14 0.6 0.3 0,1 0.0s 0.03 0.
Page 127 and 128: where, for example, for the frequen
Page 129 and 130: L .- . ., not appear to be sufficie
Page 131 and 132: D ‘1 may be considered to be rece
Page 133 and 134: D - 0 m a 80 60 40 20 0 -20 \ — i
Page 135 and 136: m I s 1 \\ I , t Frequency (GHz) Fi
Page 137 and 138: -. Table 6.8-1. Cumulative Statisti
Page 139 and 140: D - The propagation margin is then
Page 141 and 142: 1- * w -180 -190 -m -21 / ---+---4~
Page 143 and 144: - . . 6.9 UPLINK NOISE IN SATELLITE
Page 145 and 146: 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120
Page 147 and 148: 6.10 REFERENCES Ahmed, I.Y. and L.J
Page 149 and 150: ● International Telecommunication
Page 151 and 152: Atmospheric Emission observations,
Page 153 and 154: 8.6 and 3.2 mm Radio Waves by Cloud
Page 155 and 156: I Strickland, J.I. (1974), “Radar
Page 157: D Wulfsberg, K.N. (1964), “Appare
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