New Perspectives on Endangered Languages. Bridging gaps ...

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(ed.), 120-135. London: The Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project. Gippert, J., Himmelmann, N. P. & Mosel, U. (eds.) 2006. Essentials of Language Documentation. Berlin-<strong>New</strong> York: Mouton de Gruyter. Grinevald, C. (2003). Speakers and documentation of endangered languages. In Language Documentation and Description 1, Peter K. Austin (ed.), 52-72. London: The Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project. Hill, J.H. & Hill, K.C. 1986. Speaking Mexicano: Dynamics of Syncretic Language in Central Mexico. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. Himmelmann, N.P. 2006. Language documentation: What is it and what is it good for. In Essentials of Language Documentation, J. Gippert, N. Himmelmann & U. Mosel (eds.). 1-30. Berlin-<strong>New</strong> York: Mouton de Gruyter. Tsunoda, T. 2005. Language endangerment and language revitalization. An introduction, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 24
Abstract The social life of a language: will Manambu survive? Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald The island of <strong>New</strong> Guinea is probably the most linguistically diverse and complex area in the world. The Sepik river basin displays cultural as well as linguistic diversity and fragmentation, perhaps more so than other areas of <strong>New</strong> Guinea. Many of the Sepik languages show signs of endangerment. Manambu, from the Ndu language family, is spoken by about 2500 people. Many Manambu children acquire Tok Pisin, the local lingua franca, as their first language, using it in their day-to-day communication. The paper shows that the value placed on the language by its speakers — and a number of cultural and economic trends in modern-day Papua <strong>New</strong> Guinea — are favourable to slowing down the process of impending language shift, and improving the perspectives for language survival. Keywords: Papua <strong>New</strong> Guinea multilingualism, Manambu survival, Tok Pisin, language ideologies, purism and retention. 1. Linguistic diversity and language endangerment in the Sepik area of <strong>New</strong> Guinea The <strong>New</strong> Guinea region is the most linguistically diverse and complex area in the world, with over 1,000 languages spoken in an area of 25
Page 1 and 2: New Perspe
Page 3 and 4: Exploring links between documentati
Page 5 and 6: documentary practice, which might b
Page 7 and 8: produce phonologies, grammars, dict
Page 9 and 10: languages, giving rise to new (powe
Page 11 and 12: Among other indexicalizing function
Page 13 and 14: have as an ultimate expression puri
Page 15 and 16: In Chapter 1, Alexandra Y. Aikhenva
Page 17 and 18: the different agents (Dorbin, 2005)
Page 19 and 20: changes in economic models, populat
Page 21 and 22: esearch have frequently been margin
Page 23: Amery, R. 2009. Phoenix or relic? D
Page 27 and 28: Quite a few languages are spoken in
Page 29 and 30: impending threat of language shift.
Page 31 and 32: used to be the basis for ceremonial
Page 33 and 34: takers' interaction with toddlers a
Page 35 and 36: Choosing an appropriate term of add
Page 37 and 38: the same word meaning 'truth' and '
Page 39 and 40: This kind of language socialization
Page 41 and 42: In addition to this, code-switching
Page 43 and 44: Tok Pisin who the actual characters
Page 45 and 46: purism may stop otherwise unlimited
Page 47 and 48: study (at age 7-10). And now they a
Page 49 and 50: References Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
Page 51 and 52: typology, R. M. W. Dixon and Alexan
Page 53 and 54: Laycock, D. C. 1965. The Ndu Langua
Page 55 and 56: Abstract The Private and the Public
Page 57 and 58: Himmelmann 2008). Full documentatio
Page 59 and 60: Belfast and its function was plainl
Page 61 and 62: Even so, the issues of privacy and
Page 63 and 64: which anything she objected to coul
Page 65 and 66: history of excluding local minority
Page 67 and 68: children’s parents and grandparen
Page 69 and 70: the Americas, for example, as incre
Page 71 and 72: potential value of Gaelic learners
Page 73 and 74: traditional crafts such as carving
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In a more general sense, however, t
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Academia, Technology and Smaller Na
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community has had a traditional eco
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that brought leaders of the Native
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Linguists have long had their own p
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1, P. K. Austin (ed.), 73-84. Londo
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Grinevald, Colette. 2006. “Worryi
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practical and descriptive approache
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Bridging linguistic research and li
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same native sociocultural, multieth
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experiments may determine the event
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In the song, I, Buguna, presented m
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of my song: to tame the kagaiha/its
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101 to be displayed, evaluated and
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103 Indians also know we live in th
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105 clandestinely at night, asking
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107 clothing, utensils, school, TV
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109 With an aggravating factor: vid
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or songs come to an end. When grand
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113 The researcher becomes the guar
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thinking: what machines are these?
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117 word and forms of saying, memor
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119 Franchetto, B. 1986. Falar Kuik
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Abstract Language vitality and revi
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123 Revitalization school (in Bodø
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125 Clearly, language documentation
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127 Communities. The Salekhard Decl
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129 recognizes the urgent need for
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131 resulting in profound changes i
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133 spoken by more than half of its
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135 Krasnoyarsk Territory (kraj) 18
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137 and relatively inaccessible, an
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139 still largely not described and
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141 maintain a traditional lifestyl
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143 differences in Evenki are indee
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145 University 21 in St. Petersburg
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147 to Evenki education. It would b
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149 One result of the demographics
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151 in touch with the teachers, or
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153 From the standpoint of the comm
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155 type of data was not collected
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with the world beyond the local com
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which system a community decides to
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1. Aleut [ale]; 2. Chukchi [ckt]; 3
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163 In 2005 the Izhma-Komi attained
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165 28 Veps 8240 1880 22.8% 4901 11
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Federacii. Sociolingvisticheskaja
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Endangered Languages, K. David Harr
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Saf’jannikova, T. M. 2006. Raduga
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The demise and attempted revival of
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176 Do we need a speech community,
Page 178 and 179:
178 From a more distant theoretical
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180 Two recent papers (May 2005; Do
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182 Causes of decay of the Leko inc
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184 all, the ‘Uru nation’ would
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186 relationship highly unlikely. F
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188 patterns of ethnic exogamy. Thi
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190 main informant of Jehan Vellard
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7. Irohito 192 The community of Iro
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194 Les Urus d’Ancohaque, par exe
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196 It would not be appropriate to
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198 baptized e.g. in the neighborin
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200 Additional data sources include
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202 inhabitants. If we accept the i
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204 Table 6: Uru professions listed
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206 Table 8: Ethnicity of the parti
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208 fortune of a language’ becaus
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210 Spanish-speaking colonists from
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Interests and objectives Linguist R
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APPENDIX 2 214 Demographic data for
Page 216 and 217:
216 Apaza Apaza, I. 2000. Estudio d
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218 Hanss, K. 2008. Uchumataqu. The
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220 y reglamentos de la Nación Ori
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222 contraction and death, N. Doria
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224 The Awetí language is currentl
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226 opportunity to portray its deve
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228 to their descendents. Informati
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230 represents the public space whe
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232 village population belongs to.
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234 of bicycles. In order to refill
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236 the existence of genderlects (c
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238 In (1) both the Awetí word tig
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240 is still done by younger childr
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242 A difference with regard to the
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244 seem to make it more prestigiou
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246 * The symbols and abbreviations
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248 influence from the other Xingua
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250 couple in village B, who were u
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252 although a considerable part of
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Table 5: Dominant language per hous
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256 not Awetí but Kamaiurá. The A
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258 devices, but at least the young
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260 the vitality of the Awetí lang
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262 and culture in a constantly cha
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264 Awetí community members may on
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266 Encontro Internacional do Grupo
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268 Steinen, Karl von den. 1968/ 18
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270 (Hambye and Siroux 2009). This
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272 pushing for a quality standard
Page 274:
274 Himmelmann, N.P. (2008). “Rep
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