Modeling and Simulation of IEEE 14-bus System - Electrical and ...

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CHAPTER 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM MODELING 4 phenomena are considered [3, 4]. In the PST program, the subtransient detailed models are used to represent the machines in the system as depicted in Figure 1.3 [5]. This model is rearranged as shown in Figure 1.4 [6], illustrating the relation be- tween the equivalent circuit subtransient variables. The following equations link the mechanical variables with the electrical variables, and result in the block diagram representation depicted in Figure 1.5: (D + τjS) = Tm − (E ′′ q Iq + E ′′ d Id) Sδ = ω − 1 (1.1) where D and τj represent the damping constant and the inertia time constant, respectively; Tm stands for the input mechanical torque; ω and δ represent the rotational speed and rotor angle, respectively; E ′′ d and E ′′ q correspond to the subtransient generated voltage in the direct and quadrature axes, and Id and Iq stand for the armature current in the direct and quadrature axes. For eigenvalue or time domain simulation studies, it is necessary to include the effects of the excitation controller, which indirectly controls the reactive output of a generator. A simple Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) model is used in PST to represent the excitation control of generators, as shown in Figure 1.6 [6]. 1.2.2 Load Models The modeling of loads in stability studies is a complex problem due to the unclear nature of aggregated loads (e.g. a mix of fluorescent, compact fluorescent, incandes- cent lamps, refrigerators, heater, motor, etc.). Load models are typically classified into two broad categories: static and dynamic. The loads can be modeled using
CHAPTER 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM MODELING 5 E + d l d l fd E’ Σ q Σ Ψkd (X’ d - X" d ) Σ - E’ Field Current 1 s T’ qo OC SAT + s T’ do + d d + + - ( X’ - X" )( X - X’ ) d d ( X’ - X ) Σ Σ -E’ d + l - d ( X" - X ) (X’ - X ) 1 1 + ( X’ - X ) + - ( X’ - X" )( X - X’ ) q q q l Σ Σ q + - q ( X" - X ) q q (X’ - X ) 1 1 + s T" l 1 + s T" l qo do d l (X’ - X" )(X - X’ ) d d d d ( X’ - X ) d l ( X" d - X ) l (X d- X’ d) X’ - X Ψ (X’ q - X" q)(X q- X’ q) ( X’ - X ) ( X" q- X ) l (X - q X’ q) X’ - X q kq q d l l q l q ( X’ - X ) (X’ - X" ) q ( X’ - X ) l X’ - X X’ - X q d l l + + + Figure 1.3: Subtransient model for the synchronous generator in the direct and quadrature. X" Σ X" q d + + + Ψ Ψ d i d q i q
Page 1 and 2: . Technical Report ♯2003 − 3 MO
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM MODELING 1
Page 5 and 6: List of Figures 1.1 IEEE 14-bus tes
Page 7 and 8: 2.12 Oscillation damping in the IEE
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM MODELING 1.
Page 11: CHAPTER 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM MODELING 3
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM MODELING 7
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2. TOOLS AND SIMULATION RES
Page 45 and 46: Appendix A IEEE 14-BUS TEST SYSTEM
Page 47 and 48: APPENDIX A. IEEE 14-BUS TEST SYSTEM
Page 49 and 50: Appendix B DATA of the Controllers
Page 51 and 52: Bibliography [1] N. Mithulananthan,
Page 53 and 54: BIBLIOGRAPHY 45 trollers for Voltag

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