The Ottoman Empire and the World Around It - Course Information

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~ SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE OUTSIDE WORLD ~ 209 When attempting an overview of the kind given here, it hard to escape the impression of a considerable discontinuity in the study of geography by Ottoman subjects. Information about the outside world was acquired by many writers more or less as a personal initiative, and only in the case of Kâtib Çelebi and his colleagues can we follow a transfer of knowledge across generations. 98 Moreover, if the stories of Ottoman derring-do in a fictionalized environment were at all acceptable to those whom Evliya Çelebi targeted as his presumptive readers, we might conclude that the concrete information obtained, at considerable effort, by the author of the Tarih-i Hind-i garbi or else by Kâtib Çelebi, did not readily ‘filter down’ to the educated Ottoman public. Experiences of this type are unfortunately very familiar down to the present day, especially to scholars who try to disseminate information on the Ottoman world among an ‘educated public’ in Europe or North America. But of course this is only one possible interpretation among several: after all, down to the 1970s, even though factual information on North America was readily available, audiences all over the world enjoyed the fictional ‘Wild West’ in comics and movies. Who knows whether an analogous state of mind was not widespread among Ottoman readers? Furthermore, we do not really know how valid is our impression that there yawned an abyss of discontinuity between the ‘solid information’ generated by authors such as Kâtib Çelebi and the romancing probably preferred by ‘the average reader or rather listener’. There may well have been intermediate stages between the two extremes, resulting from transfers of knowledge that we have not as yet been able to discern. When it comes to the reports of the ambassadors and also the accounts of quasi-ambassadors such as Seyyidî ‘Ali Re’îs, they were one of the surest sources of knowledge about foreign lands available to those privileged Muslim Ottomans who were able to access them. Therefore it is an urgent desideratum to research what might be called the ‘publishing history’ of these texts. Even in those writings whose authors concentrated on highlighting the successes of their respective missions to the exclusion of other matters, we find itineraries and recorded impressions of the attitudes foreign court dignitaries adopted towards the Ottoman sultans, and all this information must have served as input when images of the outside world were created. To some readers, this approach may appear overly positivistic; and certainly, concrete information is only one of several ‘ingredients’ needed by a person or group embarking upon the formation of political attitudes towards the outside world. But on the other hand, such attitudes can only be operational if they have some kind of connection to events in the ‘real world’ – whatever ‘real’ may signify. Sophisticated observers such as Seyyidî ‘Ali Re’îs, Mehmed Emni Beyefendi or Ebubekir Râtib Efendi, moreover, provided a great deal more. Here we find evaluations of the political attitudes of the Russian or Habsburg courts, discussions of cultural institutions such as gardens, libraries and even the theatre, or else indications of how the Ottomans might culturally ‘put themselves on the map’ in an international context. As Seyyidî ‘Ali Re’îs knew well, at Iranian or
210 ~ THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE WORLD AROUND IT ~ Indian courts this might best be achieved by demonstrating a mastery of Iranian poetry. Or as Ebubekir Râtib tells us, when dealing with the Habsburg court of Joseph II or Leopold II, comparable ends might be served by highlighting the sophistication of Ottoman musical culture. Such considerations have often been belittled by scholars of previous generations, for whom nothing counted but demonstrations of military prowess and diplomatic ‘muscle’. However in our case, priorities are quite different. For we are concerned with the manner in which certain subjects of the Ottoman sultans, usually close to the political elite if not actually part of it, interacted with their ‘opposite numbers’ outside the Ottoman realm. For such a communication to work, the necessary pre-conditions had to be developed: in their very different ways, Kâtib Çelebi, Ahmed Resmi, Adiamantos Korais and Ebubekir Râtib all shared in this endeavour.
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~ The Ottoman Empire and the World
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~ Table of contents List of illustr
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~ CONTENTS ~ VII to slave: 124 ~ Th
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~ List of illustrations 1. Helmet a
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~ Acknowledgements Many colleagues
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1 ~ Introduction In a sense, this s
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 3 case of Venice,
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 5 twentieth centur
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 7 we must keep in
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 9 After all, we al
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 11 Throughout the
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~ Who, in which period, formed part
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 15 Thus, in a worl
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 17 important trade
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 19 group. But for
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 21 the style to wh
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 23 annexation of t
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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 25 Was there even
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2 ~ On sovereignty and subjects: ex
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~ ON SOVEREIGNTY AND SUBJECTS ~ 29
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4 ~ The strengths and weaknesses of
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Page 233 and 234: 8. A visit of the Ottoman ambassado
Page 235 and 236: ~ Bibliography The comments which f
Page 237 and 238: 222 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Binark, Ismet
Page 239 and 240: 224 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Evliya Çelebi
Page 241 and 242: 226 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ [Papa Synadino
Page 243 and 244: 228 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ (17.) Jahrhund
Page 245 and 246: 230 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Anderson, Soni
Page 247 and 248: 232 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Belting, Hans
Page 249 and 250: 234 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Chagniot, Jean
Page 251 and 252: 236 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Deringil, Seli
Page 253 and 254: 238 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Faroqhi, Surai
Page 255 and 256: 240 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Goffman, Danie
Page 257 and 258: 242 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Hagen, Gottfri
Page 259 and 260: 244 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Geschichtsschr
Page 261 and 262: 246 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Kafadar, Cemal
Page 263 and 264: 248 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Kunt, Metin (1
Page 265 and 266: 250 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Maxim, Mihai (
Page 267 and 268: 252 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Ottoman-Portug
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Page 271 and 272: 256 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Schulze, Winfr
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260 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Tahta Çıkı
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262 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ ennes und Libr
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264 ~ NOTES TO PAGES 8-20 ~ 23 Goff
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266 ~ NOTES TO PAGES 32-43 ~ 20 Hie
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268 ~ NOTES TO PAGES 54-68 ~ 111 Ab
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270 ~ NOTES TO PAGES 79-89 ~ 16 Yav
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278 ~ NOTES TO PAGES 151-62 ~ 97 Ha
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280 ~ NOTES TO PAGES 172-86 ~ 48 An
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282 ~ NOTES TO PAGES 198-217 ~ 69 I
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284 ~ INDEX ~ Bitlis, 113 Black Sea
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286 ~ INDEX ~ Gritti, Ludovico/Alvi
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288 ~ INDEX ~ of Dubrovnik, 90, 131
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290 ~ INDEX ~ exported from the Ott
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