The Ottoman Empire and the World Around It - Course Information

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~ INTRODUCTION ~ 25 Was there even an indirect one? Certainly in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, artistic ideas travelled from the Ottoman realm to Renaissance Italy as well as vice versa, and there may have been linkages about which we know nothing. But if we assume that the intellectual worlds of Sinan and Palladio had something in common, they also may have developed similar architectural ideas independently from one another. If this assumption is at all realistic, such an artistic commonality would indicate that the cultural worlds of mid-sixteenthcentury Istanbul and the contemporary Veneto were less remote from one another than is usually believed. And when it comes to written texts, it does appear that Busbecq and Mustafa Âlî (1541–1600/947–1009), Luigi Fernando Marsigli (1658–1730/1068–1143) and Hüseyin Hezarfenn (probably d. 1678–9/1089), or Evliya Çelebi and Antoine Galland (1646–1715/1055–1128) in certain respects inhabited rather similar worlds. 85 ~ A common world I would claim that, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Ottomans and Frenchmen, or subjects of the Habsburg emperors for that matter, were less remote from one another than the people under study themselves would have thought. This statement invites discussion from several angles. The first has to do with a statement by Marc Bloch, who made the comparative approach ‘respectable’ among historians dealing with medieval and early modern Europe. 86 Bloch was especially interested in comparing phenomena that he considered ‘close’ to one another, such as the English and French varieties of feudalism. Many historians in later years have tended to agree with him, so that those scholars who use this methodology on, for instance, Ottoman and European histories have always felt the need to justify their procedures. Obviously, if we are willing to view Ottomans, Frenchmen and Venetians of the sixteenth and – with some qualifications – even the seventeenth and earlier eighteenth centuries as still belonging to one and the same world, further justification is unnecessary. 87 If, on the other hand, we choose to regard the Ottomans as inhabiting a world apart from their early modern neighbours in Europe, it is certainly not impossible to legitimize our procedures. But our task would be a good deal harder, and I choose to take the easy way out. Secondly, we must keep in mind the common material environment in which all these people found themselves, and which allows us sometimes to view them as – albeit inimical – cousins. Surely the answer is linked to the basic fact that both Ottomans and Europeans were then all living in societies in which agriculture was the ultimate source of all wealth, even if the peasants themselves did not get to see much of the riches that their labour had generated. Moreover, all the civilizations involved depended as yet on similar technologies. Thus the vagaries of the weather determined whether the harvest would be good or bad, in most
26 ~ THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE WORLD AROUND IT ~ cases with little flexibility to compensate for the loss of one crop by quickly sowing another. Armies could only be supplied if the roads were passable, and the Danube and its affluent rivers defied all efforts to reliably map them, as the late seventeenth-century Habsburg general Luigi Fernando Marsigli found out to his cost. 88 While the present volume in no way deals with peasant society and elementary technology, we cannot afford to ignore these basic commonalities of the early modern world in constructing our study. I will try to present an account of the manner in which members of the Ottoman ruling group interacted with – and regarded – denizens of the non-Ottoman world. But, differently from conventional studies of political ideology or international relations, I will try to keep the constraints of commercial exchange, natural conditions and technology constantly in the picture. The opinions of a person drenched with rain in a leaky tent will differ from those of a man or woman comfortably ensconced behind his/her computer; and as historians of World War I know very well, the shared miseries of a military campaign tend to make even the soldiers of opposing armies voice rather similar views.
Page 2 and 3: ~ THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ~ AND THE WORL
Page 4 and 5: ~ The Ottoman Empire and the World
Page 6 and 7: ~ Table of contents List of illustr
Page 8 and 9: ~ CONTENTS ~ VII to slave: 124 ~ Th
Page 10 and 11: ~ List of illustrations 1. Helmet a
Page 12 and 13: ~ Acknowledgements Many colleagues
Page 16 and 17: 1 ~ Introduction In a sense, this s
Page 18 and 19: ~ INTRODUCTION ~ 3 case of Venice,
Page 20 and 21: ~ INTRODUCTION ~ 5 twentieth centur
Page 22 and 23: ~ INTRODUCTION ~ 7 we must keep in
Page 24 and 25: ~ INTRODUCTION ~ 9 After all, we al
Page 26 and 27: ~ INTRODUCTION ~ 11 Throughout the
Page 28 and 29: ~ Who, in which period, formed part
Page 30 and 31: ~ INTRODUCTION ~ 15 Thus, in a worl
Page 32 and 33: ~ INTRODUCTION ~ 17 important trade
Page 34 and 35: ~ INTRODUCTION ~ 19 group. But for
Page 36 and 37: ~ INTRODUCTION ~ 21 the style to wh
Page 38 and 39: ~ INTRODUCTION ~ 23 annexation of t
Page 42 and 43: 2 ~ On sovereignty and subjects: ex
Page 44 and 45: ~ ON SOVEREIGNTY AND SUBJECTS ~ 29
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4 ~ The strengths and weaknesses of
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8. A visit of the Ottoman ambassado
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~ Bibliography The comments which f
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222 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Binark, Ismet
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224 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Evliya Çelebi
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226 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ [Papa Synadino
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228 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ (17.) Jahrhund
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230 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Anderson, Soni
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232 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Belting, Hans
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234 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Chagniot, Jean
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236 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Deringil, Seli
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238 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Faroqhi, Surai
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240 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Goffman, Danie
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242 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Hagen, Gottfri
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244 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Geschichtsschr
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246 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Kafadar, Cemal
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248 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Kunt, Metin (1
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250 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Maxim, Mihai (
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252 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Ottoman-Portug
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254 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Preto, Paolo (
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256 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Schulze, Winfr
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258 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ (London and Ne
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260 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ Tahta Çıkı
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262 ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ ennes und Libr
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264 ~ NOTES TO PAGES 8-20 ~ 23 Goff
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266 ~ NOTES TO PAGES 32-43 ~ 20 Hie
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268 ~ NOTES TO PAGES 54-68 ~ 111 Ab
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284 ~ INDEX ~ Bitlis, 113 Black Sea
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286 ~ INDEX ~ Gritti, Ludovico/Alvi
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288 ~ INDEX ~ of Dubrovnik, 90, 131
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290 ~ INDEX ~ exported from the Ott
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