Principles of Animal Physiology
Principles of Animal Physiology
Principles of Animal Physiology
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<strong>Principles</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Physiology</strong><br />
Respiratory System<br />
Gas Transport<br />
▪ Effects on the O O2-Hb 2 Hb dissociation curve<br />
▸ Amount <strong>of</strong> O2 combined with Hb varies with major<br />
factors accompanying p y g tissue metabolism, , eg: g<br />
♦ Acidity: Bohr effect:- ↑PCO2 & [H + ] → shift to the right<br />
♦ Temperature: ↑temp → shift to the right<br />
♦ Organic Phosphates<br />
– 2-3-diphosphoglycerate: Affinity <strong>of</strong> Hb to O2 decreased in its<br />
presence presence. Acute or chronic exposure to low PO 2 → ↑2-3-D ↑2 3 D.P.G. PG →<br />
shift to the right (in mammals)<br />
– Inositol pentaphosphate (IPP) in birds<br />
– Nuleoside triphosphates (NTPs) in fishes<br />
– Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in salmonoids, sharks and rays<br />
– Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) in eels, carp, goldfish
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