Silver Pfennigs and Small Silver Coins of Europe in the Middle Ages

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TYROL Tyrol, or Tirol, is a historical region in Western Central Europe, which includes the Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Tyrol) and the Italian region known as Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. In prehistory the region was home to a series of autochthonous cultures occupying roughly the area of the later county of Tyrol. The most prominent are the late and cultures. The Laugen-Melaun/Luco-Meluno culture, named after two important archaeological sites near the modern-day town of Brixen/Bressanone in South Tyrol, appears in the 14th century BC in the area of todays South Tyrol and Trentino, while the northern part of Tyrol comes under the influence of the Urnfield Culture[1]. It is characterized by a particular type of richly decorated pottery, while the metal-working is strongly influenced by adjacent cultures. The people of the Laugen-Melaun/Luco-Meluno culture cremated the dead and placed their ashes in urns, and worshipped their gods in sanctuaries sometimes placed in remote areas, on mountain-tops or close to water. From the 6th to the 9th century, the region was settled by the Bavarii and the Langobards. As part of the Frankish Empire and later the Holy Roman Empire the region had a strategic importance as a bridgehead to Italy as the southern part of the duchy of Bavaria. Tyrol, incorporated into the southern part of the Duchy of Bavaria during the Early Middle Ages, consisted largely of ecclesiastical holdings of the Bishops of Brixen and Trento. Over the centuries, the Counts residing in Castle Tyrol, near Merano, extended their territory over much of the region and came to surpass the power of the bishops, who were nominally their feudal lords. Later counts came to hold much of their territory directly from the Holy Roman Emperor. The Meinhardinger family, originating in Gorizia, held not only Tyrol and Gorizia, but for a time also the Duchy of Carinthia. 1363/1369 the Wittelsbach released the country for Habsburg when Margarete Maultasch, lacking any descendants to succeed her, bequeathed Tyrol to Duke Rudolph IV of House of Habsburg. From that time onwards, Tyrol was ruled by various lines of the Habsburg family, who held the title of the Count of Tyrol (see List of rulers of Austria).The red eagle in Tyrol's coat of arms is derived from the red Brandenburg eagle at the time when Louis V, Duke of Bavaria and Margarete Maultasch governed Brandenburg as well.
Meinhard II. 1257/1271-1295 Meinhard, c. 1237, to 30.10.1295 Greifenberg, began the rule in Goerz and Tirol together with his brother Albert after the death of his father Meinhard in 1259. He married the Wittelsbacherin Elizabeth, widow of king Konrad IV., who made the important connection to Rudolf of having a castle. He surrendered Görz in 1271 to his brother. He is considered as a creator of the country Tirol, to which he gave a strict administration. Austria Tyrol - County Meinhard II., 1257/1271 - 1295. Gebhard von Hirschberg, 1254 - 1275 Pfennig, Thaur bei Innsbruck mint. 19 mm 0,62g. Obv.: Deer’s head left; 3 rosettes in field. Rev.: Eagle with spread wings, looking left, in a circle and rosette ring. Reference: L St 224, CNA - (legt das Stück nach Bayern), Lanz 103-711.Scarce! Beautiful! Estimation: EUR 1.000. Price realized: 650 EUR (approx. 848 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Austria Tyrol - County Meinhard II., 1257/1271 - 1295 & sons 1274-1335. Zwanziger. (20 Bernar) Meran mint. 1,51g. Obv.: Speard eagle looking left. Rev.: Double cross (Long cross divinding legend, with St. Andrew’s cross superimposed on it._ Mintmark: Four 5-petalled rosettes. Reference: CNA I, J 5, Bz. 1; M./T. 13 var. Kl. Very nice! Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 210 EUR (approx. 296 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) *The specie of money Zwainziger was called later a KREUZER, because of the reverse cross. Austria Tyrol - County Meinhard II., 1257/1271 - 1295. Eagle groschen Meran mint. 19 mm. 1,25g. Obv.: “+COMES * TIROL” Eagle stands looking right. Double rosettes at end of obverse legend. Rev.: Long-armed cross dividing legend. “MERANODE” Reference: CNA I, J 2a, MT 7 (var.). VF Estimate EUR 75. Price realized: 110 EUR (approx. 154 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Austria Tyrol - County Meinhard II., 1257/1271 - 1295 & sons 1274-1306 Zwanziger. (20 Bernar) Meran mint. 1,57g. Obv.: + COMES (triangle) TIROL, spread eagle looking left. Rev. : ME-IN-AR-DVS Double cross, divinding legend. Reference: CNA J 5-2; Rizzolli, Cs. 3; Biaggi, 1186. Obverse double-struck. VF Estimate: EUR 75. Price realized: 85 EUR (approx. 107 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Austria Tyrol - County Meinhard II., 1257/1271 - 1295. Eagle groschen Meran mint. 1,54g. Obv.: “+COMES * TIROL” Eagle stands looking right. Rosette divides legend at bototm. Rev.: Long-armed cross dividing legend. “MARANODE” Reference: CNA I, J 2 a; M./T. 7. VF Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 120 EUR (approx. 169 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Austria Tyrol - County Meinhard II., 1257/1271 - 1295 & sons 1274-1335. Etschkreuzer (Silver) Meran mint. 1,50g. Obv.: Double cross that divides the legend; “ ME - IN - AR - DVS” Rev.: Spread eagle looking left. : “+COMES (mintmark) TIROL” Beizeichen: Nr. 7 (6-petalled rose) Reference: CNA J Bz. 7. Beautiful!
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Silver Pfennigs and Small Silver Co
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The March of Austria was first form
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Leopold III (Saint Leopold), - 1095
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LEOPOLD V - 1177-1194 Leopold V (11
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Leopold VI, 1198-1230 Leopold VI (1
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Austria Duke LEOPOLD VI., 1198 - 12
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Austria Leopold VI.-1210-1230 Pfenn
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Holy Roman Empire - Duchy of Austri
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(THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE/AUSTRIAN COI
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Austria Ottokar II. von Böhmen (12
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Austria Ottokar II. von Böhmen, 12
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Rudolph I 1278-1291 Rudolph I, also
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(THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE/AUSTRIA) Rud
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(THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE/AUSTRIAN COI
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Rudolph II, son of King Rudolph I,
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Frederick I the Fair, Duke 1308-133
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Austria King Friedrich the Handsome
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Austria Albrecht II. von Habsburg (
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Austria Albrecht II. von Habsburg (
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ALBRCHT III - 1365-1395 Albert III
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Austria, Albrecht V, 1411-1437 AD A
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Austria Duchy of Steiermark Friedri
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Austria Duchy of Steiermark ALBRECH
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Austria Duchy of Steiermark Rudolf
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Austria Duchy of Steiermark Friedri
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Silver Pfennigs and Small Silver Coins of Europe in the Middle Ages

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