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Th. ho@ ot Psul rul.d oEr lne gBcr Fni6 of yenHi rdilory fc @|l @r rs ennriB FotuilGly' rle R.suliG st c \Ns mr rtE otirt of imFd.] mbitids on !E Fd of dnq mjd powu of irs tirc. TIE t&r Atyabil !!d &! @dy M6.tu& sulrr$ <strong>we</strong> bo.b6orbcd wirh ilE Crusd6lo l@t $urh b.yond ihe hoty cifi6 of rhc sijrz The Abb,3sid @pii.l Bsdd!4 *!s d4srtprld in r25s by lhc Moneot hor
gft .t sitirc posilioB. Ihcy fEqanlly hld lo t!3d fi.n !|E*id by 8!E of co@ladrc to thc @Nakrlion ol @wr w!! lrE onsisLnt Rdnid .'!&.rc. to tuiBi. dlabinks by dteling a n$h Gq@ G lrftlicibL fon their
Page 1 and 2: I 2 6 1* clo 7/a.*c 4 RllRH T[1e wo
Page 3 and 4: RE_UNIFICATION OF YEMEN IN A CHANGI
Page 5 and 6: CERTIFICATE Ce'lilied thflt Mr. Moh
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS OF THE STUDY CHA-PTERS Prs
Page 9 and 10: ABSTRACT An absrract of the th€si
Page 11 and 12: importancc in g,obsl politics. Oil
Page 13 and 14: Thc unily would lcail lo nrogrcss o
Page 15 and 16: SOURCES OF DATA 'llE surces ussl ar
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER# I (I) BREIF HISTORY OF YEM
Page 19 and 20: &Br. rlE qpFr ot Y.En lou(k by ssh
Page 21 and 22: 3 - The Shrfii. shrli s sclel of l.
Page 23 and 24: sie .boul I2o0 BC, f.r fon lci o.Mr
Page 25 and 26: Subsequs ly, lh. uitt ol e{rh A6!ie
Page 27 and 28: Tll€€ftd, Ethiopi.n mm.i&. in Y
Page 29 and 30: TIE long rc h.r*6 Pccir.nd Br/ntim
Page 31 and 32: Y.ndis tho h.lp.d in $e proBB or tk
Page 33 and 34: Ycmcn under lhc Um.yyrd! Crllpt.te
Page 35 and 36: Shiile fndr.a€4 *bls poliindly' .
Page 37 and 38: 3- FATIMID STATE wli6 PmdEl Mulen'n
Page 39 and 40: Y.rn q holrtq, ccocld mcd|.l dunig
Page 41 and 42: lsffi. Ayyllbi& @dd rc. dviocly cx0
Page 43: lift besr l* i{bj6Ld to & dronr by
Page 47 and 48: A dbclliof, by thc Rdulid!" Mimdukd
Page 49 and 50: Tte rnm's Fliridl vi.id trilcd io f
Page 51 and 52: Th@ns, lhc .ristcnlic chts ot Zridi
Page 53 and 54: (II) Strategic Importance of the Re
Page 55 and 56: In con!.qEffc of lh.t Yemn s stmlcg
Page 57 and 58: Th. |lwludon of No.lh YoM .txolog.d
Page 59 and 60: Th. ltEt.eic impoir.nce of the sl6i
Page 61 and 62: on th. Economic side TIE @llict b.l
Page 63 and 64: Fmm poiil of via, Yaffit's ldrito k
Page 65 and 66: R.tatiG b.rrecn tnbd \*ta EgultLd h
Page 67 and 68: llib{l sdnb.R comider ih.'ns.l6 lo
Page 69 and 70: Mc.nstlile. lh. EllliorEhip bet@n Y
Page 71 and 72: I LPfitio K Hi4 rt t{.d tutbHt&tv '
Page 73 and 74: Firsa Period ofTurlish Rrle At ih.
Page 75 and 76: At l€ngh ! tnr. ms c.rEluded lEr*
Page 77 and 78: Hc l@.d rh.r hll of Ydeni Egim rl s
Page 79 and 80: Ttey iitr.ddql tddinicEliw clms, *t
Page 81 and 82: Ym.n's situlron ms Nt vlll sircc lh
Page 83 and 84: tu s! s la &ot otlcc h. an@fttd thl
Page 85 and 86: ln 1610 Brnish llet sid.rql rlEi. e
Page 87 and 88: The erat inFo@cnt in lh. Echtulo&/
Page 89 and 90: EeyFian pc.n ! in rhe Po.t ot Mulh!
Page 91 and 92: In tlE sdrd 6t p the sithh dhiiistn
Page 93 and 94: British-Turkish conflict in Yemen (
Page 95 and 96:
-T l-Rooct W. Sboky, lc|'.ln; ns Po
Page 97 and 98:
fd ln. &ftns .(l t@igt lFli.y of.ll
Page 99 and 100:
accomFlish tlE. sorl c ioFr3ibtc, t
Page 101 and 102:
The connict s@n st8n d bcrwcn lm.d
Page 103 and 104:
Ir cdu.qEnce, he Gltblish hie own n
Page 105 and 106:
By the ?ridi tradilioq lny Sayyid w
Page 107 and 108:
- Coastal sfiip, and Plain of Tihsm
Page 109 and 110:
Foreign Relations of Yemen after th
Page 111 and 112:
In 1922. Biuin 6ti!.d thn Yemn's in
Page 113 and 114:
in Mccc., di:h helpod {E S.ldis io
Page 115 and 116:
TIE imu!€ of ltllie inntrc in Ant
Page 117 and 118:
Soviel Union hsd 6!8nbed tlE Yd.ti
Page 119 and 120:
Brid$ rri.d follca i.* thd A
Page 121 and 122:
Subs.qG'nly, arilish int lgtion irc
Page 123 and 124:
Yemen after World War II Yemeni Att
Page 125 and 126:
Imam Yahya's Policies after 2nd Wor
Page 127 and 128:
Dc.titc his .ftqL to inclas his @nt
Page 129 and 130:
Pcopi. or Ycnd didn l .p?Rft d€ a
Page 131 and 132:
y th. uivcGiry Eputdtion for ltrhin
Page 133 and 134:
ffitid cdtlcG 6 omn rcq b..a6c Y.mn
Page 135 and 136:
FiMccd by 6 srlup of Aob hcllhd(s *
Page 137 and 138:
TIE Ei.ls. d {E odF. h|n4 d€.bt d
Page 139 and 140:
Suh6.qFllr, wnen Anb LagE sl &l€r
Page 141 and 142:
CoiB€qhlly, th. @up .tlanpr h.d n
Page 143 and 144:
hrm s polici6 did not cncornge roEi
Page 145 and 146:
Pndce Abddhn, roo* thi3 orpo.tui(y
Page 147 and 148:
l-B.dr Fovok d th. hditioMl holdtR
Page 149 and 150:
'IfEogtr. h€ B rell !e!t d of lh.
Page 151 and 152:
lo.charles D. CrEme{tts, ne Arubs A
Page 153 and 154:
M@riG, Sl.lin b.8rn srd r.lk wid l|
Page 155 and 156:
lruLld ofui.g Unired Nltions s . $d
Page 157 and 158:
'It Ftrbld of RBia w Ery dilT.r!trt
Page 159 and 160:
Yarcn s loclliq atha.Gd Ru$jam, atc
Page 161 and 162:
R.Ldoi! *ith Sovi.t Unid Ec mt t{I6
Page 163 and 164:
Tbc gowinS 83p ih tl|c .colFmic con
Page 165 and 166:
TIE fad @ { , F$'pdE @dd no( contrl
Page 167 and 168:
Holw( Soviei lid io Ycm.n &c6r.d dE
Page 169 and 170:
In {r follovins}@r. ltw Lr&Ehip 6nE
Page 171 and 172:
Il Ms $. &3irc of F6i&nr rt-Hamdi r
Page 173 and 174:
lnd..4 th. solick EG *orrins.g.iBr
Page 175 and 176:
56!!r srd dEi Brioirl Ecoftitit|i@
Page 177 and 178:
lhc Sdi.b cqsi(k d tll. Ew ryinc ji
Page 179 and 180:
Soddr Yddi F€i(|.nr wnr lo Mdcoy
Page 181 and 182:
Mq! irpon! f&tir for Mo.cow\ r.tEra
Page 183 and 184:
On 22nd Junc 1971, a Sovi.t dctcSrt
Page 185 and 186:
On thc ground! thlt rlF co@ry @ rh.
Page 187 and 188:
Rubd dechEd dEl ftc R€d S.i v/.s
Page 189 and 190:
AIid f€w d.ys of Rut6i Ati s vi3i
Page 191 and 192:
In inr.rnd po|nic.t !lTai$, the S.v
Page 193 and 194:
llrvins th!. @iv.d th. nEs.se dd t
Page 195 and 196:
Thc Sovict lc.&6hip 5M invil.d Ati
Page 197 and 198:
'llF trlnh v6 du( tlE politiql sysr
Page 199 and 200:
ll d€clared ihat Sovi.r inkrw ion
Page 201 and 202:
Duilg tiEtt .rlact d t b.e\ pBidon
Page 203 and 204:
Ar r 6dt Yry3 Nrc lcnd to pr6id.it
Page 205 and 206:
In coNqucn e An ftln dorcnic inteBt
Page 207 and 208:
li inis Ggad Afrdid .o inlosly supp
Page 209 and 210:
He cho6. ro conrinue his hitirr.y s
Page 211 and 212:
Amidr ELriG drn 0F YAR str bot6 off
Page 213 and 214:
sourh v@n .s!.d !o end dc w wi$ $G
Page 215 and 216:
TI€.61 fq€d Mn: to .nh.E iE mil
Page 217 and 218:
The Referonces r. P.... Crlvocorsrl
Page 219 and 220:
CHAI'TER # 6 Yemen Relations with M
Page 221 and 222:
TIlc !d.d Lclo' llToti.c Ymi-S.udi
Page 223 and 224:
-llir. as tml glp bel$cn lh. Mi.s o
Page 225 and 226:
. Saudi's Regional Expansion and th
Page 227 and 228:
l! w a sr6|€gic slcp fq lbn,S{!d
Page 229 and 230:
sandstorn ofcxetliofltl violde cul
Page 231 and 232:
. Yemeni-Saudi Relations after the
Page 233 and 234:
ln .onsqueic. to th.t, he lgrecd to
Page 235 and 236:
'ft Sfldk Erod.{ ltd Bnhin had 3.ul
Page 237 and 238:
A. . Bdt of Su.z ll!r, Saviet Fciti
Page 239 and 240:
. Saudi involvement against yemen's
Page 241 and 242:
t the se tim, rhc Srod,s NE cohviNe
Page 243 and 244:
'ni. Sori.t Union dd rcwlurioney ,/
Page 245 and 246:
sludi l6bia lb\[*r, blqrc rhc min .
Page 247 and 248:
P6id€nl all hndi ( lt! l9?8) visi
Page 249 and 250:
TtE chtio" he€.n SaM en
Page 251 and 252:
tn Ftum, S.lch €ndoB.d Kiig "!_sl
Page 253 and 254:
Thlc. nonth6 hld. llE ofiicirl PRSY
Page 255 and 256:
Tl.y wE .bnn d rhc visir of pBidcit
Page 257 and 258:
While drsirlddy qfliming his.ouiEys
Page 259 and 260:
N&ser 6.le d &r lhe PniciFl Clmtid
Page 261 and 262:
P.n-AEb p6ni.s ii Sttia .xl in n.iy
Page 263 and 264:
Esypli.n ndio {voicc ot rhe Aob) hs
Page 265 and 266:
I L .l.o ,ppoiib4 in .grEi.ir wirh
Page 267 and 268:
TI'. Wrhabis s.iz€d Hij& and rfie
Page 269 and 270:
olr lh..vding of26 S€ttcnber t9(2
Page 271 and 272:
horcnmt wilh dE lddw .€dcd ro lmc
Page 273 and 274:
&brcqEnlly, EtlFim lirc of ink@Uon
Page 275 and 276:
Nag l.spord.d to tlE iddnal rd .rtd
Page 277 and 278:
Thc Rcfcrcnces l. Geo!83 f,.nczo$,s
Page 279 and 280:
; r1\ r' 2 z z o n*l I 'o n*l z z J
Page 281 and 282:
Dislisficlois Mrois rh. Ye Eii Fdc
Page 283 and 284:
Tlr YAR f&ql n eml & qteml th@|s rl
Page 285 and 286:
Oo 2f (lr.0.r th. British €birer
Page 287 and 288:
No ch.n8c. sre nE& in {E @@ktridc q
Page 289 and 290:
While iniual tiSyptian suppod tor t
Page 291 and 292:
ln 1964, th. Rot list poblkh.d in a
Page 293 and 294:
knom a "thjrd fde' @ll.d lor codpom
Page 295 and 296:
TIE Egyp{d3 hsd lonc {d {E YAR .Ppe
Page 297 and 298:
'lb.l.[ had b€n c$hc4 at dE sL.t
Page 299 and 300:
Th€ o.ul grosrl nLe ofCDP wd 5./.
Page 301 and 302:
Coru.gucud, Ndth Y.rn.i's idenlljo
Page 303 and 304:
1970s lo Lhc mid-l9E0s" llE llunl O
Page 305 and 306:
ln .fisl the batr wa o sly of Few.l
Page 307 and 308:
Offcillly, lhc cohmbiqld or y dsalt
Page 309 and 310:
Iryda Mnr.d s powcrfut sargtc presi
Page 311 and 312:
The CC l$unql lesislatiw.d .gu|ns r
Page 313 and 314:
Allhough, loi i' rsuy he apper€d
Page 315 and 316:
ln Fcbrurry 19'8, n dbd into b.ing
Page 317 and 318:
fi. |nny wa dilcodLtrtc4 tft. ldnin
Page 319 and 320:
llc sdoplcd lotirics of balan6, in
Page 321 and 322:
Ar the sene ti'ne, lD*!rcr, rhe us
Page 323 and 324:
San6a mt lamh.d ec6l Inilit|ly olTa
Page 325 and 326:
uleboN !o UE l,000inc'&b6 Cemml l@p
Page 327 and 328:
ll- SOUTH YEi,lEN JOURNY AS 11{DEPE
Page 329 and 330:
With lh r-iral of lfu Ouon@ Eryie.
Page 331 and 332:
wi$ th. cnlry inlo thc civil \ir in
Page 333 and 334:
'Ihis nEiliDe tmmc od lhc relll€d
Page 335 and 336:
'l]le PRSY.lhls *a dchogdphically s
Page 337 and 338:
Sou6 Yemd policis appe&d to b. no
Page 339 and 340:
ln th€ory. 6orcnic &d poliliol &m
Page 341 and 342:
'l n vi.tory of the onhodo* lfo-sov
Page 343 and 344:
Mosow 6t blisbed dirccl contscls wl
Page 345 and 346:
SP) r n\ l.ir( Congl6s Oclohr ll-14
Page 347 and 348:
llie IFYP roi tlE @iomic od sid dev
Page 349 and 350:
of noEd!. Arn@l rde of populdtion g
Page 351 and 352:
(4) dirnrpt, eid deit!.lly contolli
Page 353 and 354:
. Development of cooperation Wnndnw
Page 355 and 356:
TIE |alffnt de wi&i.d 1o nEb& ioFwi
Page 357 and 358:
On 23rd Aog6t 1974, Solicr Union or
Page 359 and 360:
Th. t*o prnics tool thc eior to rc.
Page 361 and 362:
R.alisticdly, Soolh Y€nen Fobdbly
Page 363 and 364:
{..t[..&d the driE oi Nlg MqEt r ci
Page 365 and 366:
of of cdho.hev's w Flic, elideli6 s
Page 367 and 368:
lrcsi&nt Coib@hcv publicly lotd al-
Page 369 and 370:
Ncv.!tlFl6, Ad.n rricd 10 lep its d
Page 371 and 372:
ln Scpr.mbq t[.lN pBi&nt! rEl d Nar
Page 373 and 374:
Howva, bo$ Ee@6 show.d rBI (Mnibnat
Page 375 and 376:
Sonc .xih. bclieviig llat $. lla&do
Page 377 and 378:
Tt! GldioN wrc dirlurb..l .n r dF a
Page 379 and 380:
TFIE REFEPJNCES Robio Bidw€ll, rl
Page 381 and 382:
CHAPTER RD-UNTFICATION DECLARATION
Page 383 and 384:
't h. id.z oa YcnPn s unirv \'6 d
Page 385 and 386:
M.in bade. lo tumli*d ietatiohs rco
Page 387 and 388:
Alier mid- 1980s lhee \ta t ohsngc
Page 389 and 390:
'fte eh lrod6cd, in !{rt b, lle c|I
Page 391 and 392:
Th€ 30lh Novcrhbe. ag@he$ Fe$rib
Page 393 and 394:
It.lher, hcy secmdl b Egad the ihov
Page 395 and 396:
Mtutiw. $urhm lad.B icis.d rhdr 3ul
Page 397 and 398:
Thc odgaMl dn0 Fovid€d fq.ppwlt o
Page 399 and 400:
Unti.d Yden lvi|n r &r@n(& ptmtisti
Page 401 and 402:
TIE b€iwioG of 3rd.s, rte pdcrns
Page 403 and 404:
Hc 6ucceded in gedng $c Comnutt par
Page 405 and 406:
. Th€ und.rhand iin of lhis sclEn
Page 407 and 408:
'I nE lN of signif@r Sovie( !d &5r
Page 409 and 410:
D*pil! .[ons [o eFr fi. &rtug., cul
Page 411 and 412:
Prsu€ ior unification fMn Yqnenis
Page 413 and 414:
'llE qFsio of gov.mrre uhonry ii rh
Page 415 and 416:
lfn ed.( 10 move aeain$ thon wnn in
Page 417 and 418:
accordinSly, th€ YAt{ fdced rh€
Page 419 and 420:
Dytla|nic oftransiaion oeriod: poli
Page 421 and 422:
Mo.t dlngeos laed d:. t.adeu or boh
Page 423 and 424:
Tl'. inrcns., highty tocus.d y.h.ni
Page 425 and 426:
Thoughout Lh€ sp ne of t991, rh
Page 427 and 428:
lor sNh chrrge, how.s, dey woutd wr
Page 429 and 430:
Th€ Fsiioi of oths Anb dono$ sun
Page 431 and 432:
Govosdr dcbr @h.d r levet lh.l Fonp
Page 433 and 434:
Fufi€moe th€ €.ommic d€.tin
Page 435 and 436:
Pflo. to unificaion, Norrh 6nd Sout
Page 437 and 438:
ln .ddirio4 ffit hudrld hi[i6 & B n
Page 439 and 440:
Howrver. $. lop le.ders of rhe tD y
Page 441 and 442:
*ladiricisn and hld EtiiqoilEl $e n
Page 443 and 444:
Al0ough YSP wls morc 0ghrly ors..i4
Page 445 and 446:
The gorcmnenr $.1 annooc.d @ M.y 10
Page 447 and 448:
CHAPTER# 9 THE SECESS'O,V ATTEMPT,
Page 449 and 450:
Th. oil w i! Yah.i - tti Fily bt dr
Page 451 and 452:
DEVELPMENTS OF THE POLITICAL CRISIS
Page 453 and 454:
YSP Plohiftnt lode6 ed uir,cdion pd
Page 455 and 456:
l hc YSP l€!de6 rere untodu@le, s
Page 457 and 458:
CIVTL WAR CAUSES . THE PROBLEM OF P
Page 459 and 460:
Ac.ordi4ly tlEE @ld b. b difi€ttE
Page 461 and 462:
Iieh lide GUsd $e otl$ of being Fsp
Page 463 and 464:
1997 MinisLcB iro Llle Nordl Mnrist
Page 465 and 466:
ln ddition, lhe stNctue of the y.h.
Page 467 and 468:
Whil. sr.ling $!l rl4 ysp wetoned s
Page 469 and 470:
AI $. eme rjhe, Nonh.rn !,m€d for
Page 471 and 472:
'l hh move, tol€n sithou( consutr
Page 473 and 474:
Cming st a tme of *i&ty pobliciz.d
Page 475 and 476:
'hB rhc tirsr mj6 dilFr. els lcaotv
Page 477 and 478:
M@ti@, fiv. oasmrtt FfliB w€r t t
Page 479 and 480:
h *u not clear *hich side sbn d dr
Page 481 and 482:
S@ a hoped $at rcbr@t t9% memonndm
Page 483 and 484:
In a Ycmf th{t h&s only one 168 ot
Page 485 and 486:
'l he ConnirE€ *6 isued a d@un€
Page 487 and 488:
Norcthelcs specified ! morc risore$
Page 489 and 490:
Ar Uis c.wial j@rdq e6 ts fonDt b?e
Page 491 and 492:
TIE lDsirim of wI)lM ii a c& in poi
Page 493 and 494:
. Anli0oitJ Ar|b Strles lirudi Aobi
Page 495 and 496:
.atha thon on. larSe Y.men f@6ing o
Page 497 and 498:
A.srdrng lo soD. reponr loqi oolcei
Page 499 and 500:
CIVIL WAR IMPACT ON THE REGIONAL ST
Page 501 and 502:
'I hc dlctiontion of rclations b€
Page 503 and 504:
Et6h sid. had ns oM obj@ft. ro inpt
Page 505 and 506:
ad umale @alitions 6ily nnd stril.
Page 507 and 508:
THE ROFERENCES l- Rob€rt D. Bunow
Page 509 and 510:
2 Llbid, PP. trr9 22.Marck N. Ka.tz
Page 511 and 512:
Ycho qe of'l hnd Wortd C-oonri6 and
Page 513 and 514:
n.ny obetu€A lnerly lsiled t,ftic
Page 515 and 516:
BNjnels6, psni6 a'd orginia oB wE a
Page 517 and 518:
secr€tive, no$ the! DlayL{ out in
Page 519 and 520:
II. FOREIGN POUCY CHALLENGES l_cign
Page 521 and 522:
Manwhile, Yenen rdqt !o sotvc ltE c
Page 523 and 524:
Somali lany $ldien fhe @pibitiri€
Page 525 and 526:
ftn rs no$ t,usun'8 $nrclhirlgnt0 t
Page 527 and 528:
Forther, oplFsitiotr lo Salih's tol
Page 529 and 530:
Thc sidcs latly reml|!:d to etisf&t
Page 531 and 532:
utrilcd Ycm$ \eJs slill dividrd h.t
Page 533 and 534:
Civil r* lhis led lo u shdrp ircE.s
Page 535 and 536:
l iscrl D.tc.iorrtio! A slut 'lctft
Page 537 and 538:
OPeby &p6ins evings. S@nd, in rh€
Page 539 and 540:
'fhe [!_Yl' dniciFle llt developmen
Page 541 and 542:
lV. Cetrenl Overview ofthe eroromy
Page 543 and 544:
(21 Cull orisrs had greur rcgut'vc
Page 545 and 546:
This .xtemal debt policy is aptropr
Page 547 and 548:
tbrcign inr*rrn.nln rhe o snd gs sr
Page 549 and 550:
!,r.@-r,iabr t95 llei6-Tlee? r6.tmi
Page 551 and 552:
gowmne elhcicrct h6 sn a sjgiilicrn
Page 553 and 554:
s.nie sro. Nedt Sqooo tolrisk visir
Page 555 and 556:
Ti. derllopmefl of a Ftbt.urn iiJis
Page 557 and 558:
. FREO Z)NE 'lhc Srnaa b.s liN zonc
Page 559 and 560:
The rrrfcrerr:. . Sr ulNnggur. I'ri
Page 561 and 562:
olght agriculruE to tlE Yemen. ltis
Page 563 and 564:
Oic. having B6ped th's opportuily,
Page 565 and 566:
.qu..nEn6 rlE Saudi tead€6 d incd
Page 567 and 568:
'I hc d@oric dBnsB or rh. nrc,orion
Page 569 and 570:
g6d@l €xplnsion ol governnent aul
Page 571 and 572:
. TRIBAL RESURCENCE lh! ribcs Dlrrd
Page 573 and 574:
(l\ Olliclsl Docuarcnts, BIBLIOGRAP
Page 575 and 576:
fi:ff'f,rXl';,;i: ve'ken: tnans' Ru
Page 577 and 578:
ffa:ilffi|H1*Hbca* of unincarion, G
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