PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS IN TURKEY SINCE THE ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2 PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS knew that only thus could they realize an assimilation of the Greek element to the Mussulman element, thus making the country completely Turkish. I. Education In carrying out their program, they first assailed the educational system of the Greeks. On the basis of the privileges, the education of the Greeks in Turkey was in the hands of the (Ecumenical Patriarchate and was directed by it, a fact formally recognized by the Circular of the Turkish Prime Minister of January 22nd, 1891. The Circular, in treating of education, reads as follows: "The programs of the schools shall be drawn up or confirmed by the Patriarchate and the Metropoles,* likewise the diplomas and certificates of the teachers, both male and female, shall be confirmed by the same. Since these must also be known to the Government, when the inspector or the director of public education, while investigating instruction in the schools, shall observe some lesson improperly taught, or shall find some teacher that is not duly provided with a certificate, the Ministry of Education in Constantinople, and the Local Government in the provinces, respectively, acting in concert with the Metropoles, shall come to an agreement, and thus through their agency such lessons shall be stopped and such teachers, unprovided with certificates, shall be replaced." Through a temporary law which was applied in July, 1915, this privilege was abolished, since by Article VII of this law the schools established and supported by communities and associations were regarded as * state institutions.' Thus all the schools of the Greek communities in Turkey were put on an equality with the peculiarly Turkish schools and were made subject to the control of * A kind of superior bishop.
PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 3 the Turkish Government and rendered immediately dependent upon the Ministry of Education. A consequence of this law was that the following demands were made upon the Metropoles and the Patriarchate: First, that the teaching of the Turkish language in the Greek schools should be imposed in equal measure with the teaching of Greek, and that it should be introduced into the girls' "schools as well. Second, that geography and history should be taught in Turkish. Third, that copies of the schedules and programs of the Greek schools should be submitted to the Turkish inspectors and that statistical tables of the schools should be formed on the basis of the government programs. Fourth, that the teaching of the names of places, cities, mountains, etc., in Turkey should be in the forms officially accepted by the Government, i.e., that Constantinople should be called Stamboul, that the Dardanelles should be called Tsanakale, etc. Fifth, that in future the proper authorities to whom the teachers shall appeal on questions of teaching or other subjects connected therewith, should no longer be the Patriarchate and the Metropoles but the directors of the communal and private schools. II. Wills and Testaments Not satisfied with this fatal blow to Greek education, the violation of other privileges of the Patriarchate was aimed at as well. According to the above mentioned Circular of 1891 every difference between heirs or between the guardian of minors and his wards, as well as every dispute as to the legitimacy and authenticity of a will was to be decided by the mixed Counsel of the Patriarchate or of the Metropoles. This right was now abolished even as regards secret wills. As a result of this, after the death of a Mr. Rizou, a Greek, the Sheikhoulislamate * assumed jurisdiction of his will and rendered a decision * The highest Mohammedan religious court and expounder of Mohammedan law.
Page 1 and 2: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS IN TURKE
Page 3: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS IN TURKE
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS V. Cydonia (Aivali) VI. Co
Page 8 and 9: vi INTRODUCTION that they might for
Page 10 and 11: viii - INTRODUCTION its old ideas.
Page 12 and 13: x INTRODUCTION on as merely passive
Page 14 and 15: xii INTRODUCTION Streit, the Minist
Page 16 and 17: xiv INTRODUCTION about Hellenism in
Page 19: PART I WORK PREPARATORY TO THE EXTE
Page 23 and 24: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 5 had be
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER II COMPULSORY ENLISTMENT OF
Page 27 and 28: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 9 nople,
Page 29 and 30: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 11 destr
Page 31 and 32: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 13 inspi
Page 33 and 34: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 15 and e
Page 35 and 36: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 17 part
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER IV CONVERSIONS TO MOHAMMEDA
Page 39 and 40: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 21 1915,
Page 41 and 42: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 23 in th
Page 43 and 44: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 25 Greek
Page 45 and 46: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 27 matte
Page 47 and 48: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 29 Aug.
Page 49 and 50: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 31 Oct.
Page 51 and 52: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 33 arres
Page 53 and 54: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 35 Saphi
Page 55 and 56: PART II DEPORTATIONS EN MASSE THE a
Page 57 and 58: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 39 inten
Page 59 and 60: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 41 ate t
Page 61 and 62: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 43 the i
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER II TREBIZOISTD A REPORT tra
Page 65 and 66: CHAPTER III KERASOUNDA A REPORT of
Page 67 and 68: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 49 led t
Page 69 and 70: PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 51 is in
Page 71 and 72:
PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 53 Oinoi
Page 73 and 74:
PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 55 ing t
Page 75 and 76:
PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 57 2,000
Page 77 and 78:
PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 59 in pa
Page 79 and 80:
PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 61 they
Page 81 and 82:
PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 63 being
Page 83 and 84:
PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 65 iKlaz
Page 85 and 86:
PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 67 DISTR
Page 87 and 88:
PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS 69 Ot-Ma
Page 89 and 90:
APPENDIX B The following cablegram
show all

PERSECUTIONS OF THE GREEKS IN TURKEY SINCE THE ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?