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Chapter One: General Introduction the insular spinner dolphin population in this region. These results have been published in Marine Ecology - Progress Series: Oremus M., Poole M.M., Steel D. and Baker C.S. (2007) Isolation and interchange among insular spinner dolphin communities in the South Pacific revealed by individual identification and genetic diversity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 336: 275-289. I collected the data used in this chapter (photographs and biopsy samples) during three field seasons in French Polynesia (2002 to 2004), which I organised with the help of my supervisors, C.S. Baker (The University of Auckland, NZ/Oregon State University, US) and M.M. Poole (Marine Mammal Research Program, Moorea, French Polynesia). Analyses benefited from the photo-identification catalogue of spinner dolphin dorsal fins compiled by M.M. Poole between 1987 and 1992 at Moorea (Poole 1995). Chapter three describes the worldwide mtDNA diversity of long-finned and shortfinned pilot whales. Phylogenetic reconstructions and phylogeography of mtDNA haplotypes were investigated to test monophyly of the two species and to attempt to explain the current distribution of worldwide mtDNA diversity. Samples used in this chapter were made available by several people and institutions (the samples’ places of origin are in parentheses): C. Garrigue, Opération Cétacés (New Caledonia), C. Olavarría (Samoa), S. Gaitan-Caballero and A. Mignucci- Giannoni (Puerto Rico), C.S. Baker (New Zealand, Japan, and Korea), R. Gales (Tasmania), N. Funahashi and T. Endo (Japan). Samples from New Zealand were collected courtesy of the Department of Conservation (DoC) and staff from the University of Auckland (including C.S. Baker, R. Constantine, D. Steel and A. Alexander). I collected biopsy samples in French Polynesia between 2002 and 2004 during opportunistic encounters that occurred while I conducted small-boat surveys. All the sequences from Japanese samples were provided by C.S. Baker (as analysed by himself, M.L. Dalebout, S. Lavery and V. Lukoschek). I genetically processed and analysed most of the other samples but some were processed by D. Steel and M.L. 25
Chapter One: General Introduction Dalebout. Previously published sequences from GenBank were also added to this dataset. A manuscript based on these results is in preparation to be submitted for publication, from which I will be first author. Co-authors include C.S. Baker, M.L. Dalebout (University of New South Wales, Australia), R. Gales (Department of Primary Industry and Waters, Tasmania, Australia), N. Funahashi (International Fund for Animal Welfare, Japan), T. Endo (University of Hokkaido, Japan) and T. Kage. In Chapter four, a genetic study of mass strandings in New Zealand was conducted to investigate the social system of long-finned pilot whales. In particular, I test the hypothesis that this species lives in extended matrilineal groups, an assumption recently questioned by the results of a behavioural study (Ottensmeyer & Whitehead 2003). All of the samples used in the chapter came from the marine mammal tissue archives held at the University of Auckland. These samples were collected over the last 15 years by staff from the University of Auckland and DoC, in collaboration with Anton van Helden and the National Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa Tongarewa). Additional samples were made available by C. Schroeder and F. Pichler. I genetically processed and analysed most of these samples. However, similarly to Chapter 3, some were processed for DNA extraction, molecular sexing and mtDNA control region sequencing by D. Steel and M.L. Dalebout. A manuscript based on these results is in preparation and will be co-authored by C.S. Baker and D. Steel (Oregon State University, USA). Chapter five explores the long-standing assumption that long-finned pilot whales maintain social bonds during mass strandings. To test this assumption, I searched for a correlation between kinship and spatial distribution of the whales stranded on a beach after a large mass stranding at Stewart Island, New Zealand in 2003. This work was made possible thanks to the data collected by DoC Southland staff, coordinated by Helen Kettles. I processed and analysed all the samples used in this 26
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Page 3 and 4: Thesis Abstract Population structur
Page 5 and 6: Dedication To my parents Bernadette
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8. Appendices Biopsy sampling of ro
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Appendices Appendix 2: Spinner dolp
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Appendices Interestingly, proportio
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Appendices Appendix 5: Case of pote
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Appendices Figure 8.2: Parental con
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Appendix 9 Genotype dataset for Cha
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Baguette M (2004) The classical met
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Barrett-Lennard LG (2000) Populatio
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Caurant F, Amiard-Triquet C, Amiard
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Dalebout ML, Van Helden A, Van Waer
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Gannier A (2000) Distribution of ce
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Hayano A, Amano M, Miyazaki N (2003
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Karczmarski L, Würsig B, Gailey G,
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Lockley RM, Russell R (1953) Bird-r
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Möller LM, Beheregaray LB, Allen S
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Palumbi SR, Grabowski G, Duda T, Ge
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Queller DC, Goodnight KF (1989) Est
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Shane S, Wells RS, Würsig B (1986)
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Valsecchi E, Amos W (1996) Microsat
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Whitehead H, Weilgart L (2000) The
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APPENDIX 6 - DATA CHAPTER 2 Chapter
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CCCCTATCAATTTTATCTCCATTATACTCTATGGT
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CCCCTATCAATTTTATCTCCATTATACCCTATGGT
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Spinner dolphin’s samples used in
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96 Slo03FP41 08/11/2003 biopsy Huah
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Spinner dolphin microsatellite geno
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Slo03FP08 84 100 210 212 145 147 25
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Slo04FP62 84 100 208 222 147 147 23
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ATATTAGACCACGAGCTTTATCACCATGCCGCGTG
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TATATATCCCCTAATAATTTTATTTCCATTATATC
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99 Glo130 08/01/2003 mass stranding
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Long-finned pilot whales microsatel
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Glo150 male 180 188 195 195 210 226
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GCAGGGATCCCTCTTCTCGCACCGGGCCCATATCT
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