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Introduction xxiii
Symbols, including the svastika" on "Sacred Stones," on
"Snake Worship," and the others on "the Evil Eye," "the
Future Life," " the Wild Huntsman of Northern Europe, and
his possible Asiatic Origin," on " Architectural Customs," and
on " Spain and Further Europe," are all full of new facts and
suggestions in elucidation of the obscure and fascinating sub-
jects of which they treat. A systematic student might regret,
that before recasting the notes of her original observations into
and Camelford it is a form of tlie Anglo-Saxon gafol, cf. ["guild"] "tribute," as
in Guildford [Astolat]. In England, Camelot may be centred in Somersetshire,
Avalon in Devonshire, and Lyonesse, of which the asphodel [daftbdil] wreathed
Scilly islands are the submerged peaks, in Cornwall. They are however also cloud-
lands of the setting sun, "the Sacred West," the aboriginal, Phosnician, Europe,
and have no definite boundaries, at least, not on their heavenward marches. As
for Avalon, which has been restricted to Glastonbury, we find an Avella Vecchia,
the Latin Abella, in Italy ;
an Avallon, in the Department of the Yonne, in France ;
and that Emhaim Ablach, "the island of the Apple Tree" was the old Gaelic
name of the island of Arran {i.e. Aran " Ploughed," cf. Arrochar, and the Latin
"aratum," also Arthur, and its equivalent George, both these personal names
having also reference to the sun as the heavenly Husbandman, or Ploughman].
Morien [Owen Morgan], in his Light of Britain, p. 78, where he translates Ynys
Avalon, as "the Island of the Everlasting Apple," says the phrase refers to the
whole of Britain, as the Sacred Island of the Sun, the golden apple of the eternal
heavens. The Anglo Saxon, and the Norse distribution of the apple tree, as
distinguished from the Celtic distribution, is marked in England by such place
names as Appleby, Appledore, and Applethorpe, and Appuldercomb, and Maple
Durham \i.e. Mapuldur— ham]. All these Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Norse place
names have been ingeniously surmised to be corrupted from the name of the
aforesaid Campanian town of Abella ; and the line in Virgil's .4ineid, vii. 740, has
been cited : — "Et quos maliferae despectant mosnia Abella;," to prove that it w'as
a great centre of apple planting. Abella obviously derived its name from a
common source with abhal, tib/iai, obulas, apfcl, and " apple" ; but was famous for
its filberts, " nuces Avellane," the " Avelines" of the French, and not for apples ;
and "malifera," in the above quoted line simply means, "fruit-bearing," the specific
Latin designation of the apple being " pomum." Thomas Fuller, referring to the
apple-growing, cyder-making, country of Hereford, observed that it is more
worthy than the well-known Prussian province of the denomination of Pomerania
but this last place name is the Latinised form of the Sclavonic po
[Pommern] ;
"by," or "on," and inarya, "the sea," and is the equivalent of Super Mare, and
Marina. Why the principal island of the Orkneys is called Pomona, I do not know.