My Sisters Telegraphic: Women in the Telegraph Office ... - Monoskop

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consumption. See tuberculosis Cook, Mazie Lee, 61, 171, 173 Cooper, Peter, 46 Cooper Institute, 43, 98, 119 Cooper Union, 46, 49, 109 Cornell, Ezra, 4, 7 Cornell University, 171 Cowan, Robert M., 55 Crawfordsville, Ind., Western Union Teletype school, 49 Crew, Alva Gedney, 77 Cuban American telegraph operators, 42 Culler, Lida, 137 Cumming, George, 108–9 Curtiss, Fide M., 151 cyberspace: gender in, 195; origin of term, 196 Dailey, Frances, 28, 66, 108, 111 Dallas, Tex., Western Union printer department operators, 34 Davidson, Katherine B., 165 Davies, Margery, 43 Davis, Gail, 143 Dealy, William J., 162 De Forest, Lee, 171 demographics. See telegraphers, demographics Dennis, R. M., 71 depot office, life in the, 12 Depression of 1929, 193 Deseret Telegraph, 24, 48, 57, 68, 74–75 Detroit, Mich., Western Union office, 36 Dever, Myrtle, 183 Devereux-Blake, Lillie, 160 Diaz, Porfirio, 10 Dick, A. L., 112 District of Columbia CTUA Division, 55, 184 Dixie Twin Order Telegrapher’s Club, 70 Dominion Telegraph Company, 128 Dover, N.H., telegraph office, 5 Dreier, Katherine, 178 Dreier, Mary, 113, 178 Durango, Iowa, railroad depot, 15, 60 Durango, Mexico, railroad depot, 76–77 Dutch East Indies, women operators in, 9 Eason, Jas., 56 Eckert, Thomas T., 110–11, 157–58 Edison, Thomas, 2, 39–40, 111, 145, 151, 165 INDEX 225 Egypt, women operators excluded from service in, 10 Electric Age, 112 Electrical World, 1, 56, 115, 129 Electric Telegraph Company, 49 Emerson, Cecil, 137 England: absence statistics for operators, 103; average age of operators, 60; class origins of operators, 40; salaries in, 65; training in, 49; women operators in, 8; working hours in, 31 Erie Railroad, 6 Erie and Michigan Telegraph Line, 4 ethnicity, operators in U.S., 42 Europe, women operators in, 8–9 European cinema, women telegraphers in, 145 Eusebia, 125 Evans, Barbara, 48 Everard, Captain, 138–39 facsimile (fax), 135, 194 Fallon, Anna, 184 family and marriage, 71 Feldman, Rose, 71 Fishkill Landing, N.Y., telegraph office, 6 Flanagan, J. J., 91 Foner, Philip, 81 Forcey, Mrs. Louise, 173–75 Forsman, Ellen, 176–77 France: salaries in, 65; women operators in, 9 Franklin Telegraph Company, 150 Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria-Hungary, 69 Frazee, Armenia, 45–46 French Indochina, women operators in, 9 French West Africa, women operators in, 10 Friesen, Carl, 76 Friesen, Paul, 74 Frisbie, Frank, 115 Gabler, Edwin, 39–40, 42, 198 Garland, Charles, 32, 41, 155 George, Paul R., 3 Germany, women operators in, 9 Gibson, Helen, 141 Gibson, William, 196 Gifford, Sidney E., 112 Gilman, Amy, 122, 133 Gilmore, Virginia, 143 Girl and Her Trust, The, 140–41
226 “glass arm” (telegraphers’ cramp), 36 Glasser, Carrie, 194 Glenson, A. M., 108 Gonzales, Ambrose Elliott, 29, 42 Gonzales, Narciso, 35, 42 Gordon, Tom, 129–31 Gough, John B., 87 Gould, Helen, 30, 176–79 Gould, Jay, 111, 144, 177 Government Telegraph Service, 8, 65 Gowans, Barbara, 24, 58 Great Northwestern Telegraph Company, 59, 157 Greber, Lisa, 195 Greece, women operators excluded from service in, 9 Green, Norvin, 157 Greenville, Pa., telegraph office, 5, 61 Griffith, D. W., 140, 146 Hagemann, Gro, 41, 192, 198 Hall, Henry, 48 Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd, 112, 198 Harper’s Magazine, 12, 119 Harrisburg, Pa., telegraph office, 60–61 Hayden, Sterling, 144 Hazards of Helen serials, 141–42 “Hazelton” (telegrapher), 102 Henrotin, Ellen M., 170 Henry, Alice, 173 Hill, G. W., 76 Hinds, Miss, 66 Hispanic-surnamed operators, 166 Hobbs, Addie M., 151 Holmes, Helen, 141 Humstone, Walter C., 53 Hunter, Emma, 5, 7, 24, 50, 61, 72, 101 India: salaries in, 65; women operators in, 9 industrialization, 150, 190; commercial operators (U.S.), 190; other parts of the world, 192; railroad industry (U.S.), 191 International Telegraphic Union (ITU), 97 International Union of Commercial Telegraphers, 166 Internet, 195 In the Cage, 138, 146 Italy, women operators in, 50 Jackson, Mich., telegraph office, 4 James, Henry, 138, 146 INDEX Japan, women operators in, 9 “J. C.” (medical doctor), 73 Jeffreys, G. Scott, 137 Johnson, Aaron, 48, 74 Johnson, Ina, 48 Johnson, Mary Ann, 48, 74 “John Sterling” (telegrapher), 101 Johnston, Alice F., 56, 159 Johnston, W. J., 105 Johnstown, Pa., telegraph office, 20, 107–8 Johnstown Flood, 80, 107 Jones, Samuel S., 75 Jordan, Mrs., 138–39 “Josie” (telegrapher), 96 Journal International Télégraphique, 98 Journal of Labor, 181 Journal of the Telegraph, 44, 72, 109 journals, telegraphers’, 199 Kansas Pacific (movie), 143–45 Kansas Pacific Railroad, 144 Karren, Isabella, 48 Kessler-Harris, Alice, 72, 154 Kettridge (railroad engineer), 126 Kidnay, Mary H., 151 Kiefer, A. R., 62 Kieve, Jeffrey, 40, 51 Kiley, Ma. See “Ma Kiley” Knights of Labor, 156–57, 162–63, 180 Konenkamp, Sylvester J., 168 Kristiana, Norway, telegraph office, 106 Kvinnesaksvorening (Norwegian Feminist Union), 164 labor movement, women telegraphers and, 147; in Europe, 155 ladies’ department, 21, 29, 153 Lang, Fritz, 142 Langley, Annette, 119–22, 124, 127, 139 Laughton, Ellen, 5 Layton, Anne Barnes, 15, 73, 132 Leap from the Water Tower, The, 142 Lefferts, Marshall K., 86–87, 149–50 Lehi, Utah, telegraph office, 48 Leroy, N.Y., railroad depot, 49, 60 Lewis, Mrs. M. E., 66, 71, 78, 92–96, 107, 152 Lewistown, Pa., telegraph office, 6, 26 “Lightning” (telegraph operator), 85 lightning as an occupational hazard, 35 Likes, Harry, 176
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My Sisters Telegraphic Thomas C. Je
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My Sisters Telegraphic Women in the
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Contents List of Illustrations vii
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Illustrations 1. Emma Hunter, teleg
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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MY SISTERS TELEGRAPHIC
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2 WOMEN IN THE TELEGRAPH INDUSTRY t
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4 WOMEN IN THE TELEGRAPH INDUSTRY i
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6 Figure 1. Emma Hunter, telegraphe
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8 WOMEN IN THE TELEGRAPH INDUSTRY f
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10 WOMEN IN THE TELEGRAPH INDUSTRY
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c h a p t e r t w o Daily Life in t
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14 DAILY LIFE IN THE TELEGRAPH OFFI
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c h a p t e r t h r e e Society and
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40 SOCIETY AND THE TELEGRAPH OPERAT
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Figure 18. Emily Warburton and Barb
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80 WOMEN’S ISSUES IN THE TELEGRAP
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100 WOMEN’S ISSUES IN THE TELEGRA
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c h a p t e r f i v e Women Telegra
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Figure 20. “Romance on the Wires,
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122 WOMEN TELEGRAPHERS IN LITERATUR
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148 WOMEN TELEGRAPHERS AND THE LABO
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Page 216 and 217: Notes Chapter 1—Women in the Tele
Page 218 and 219: NOTES TO PAGES 15-32 205 4. “The
Page 220 and 221: NOTES TO PAGES 42-52 207 10. Gabler
Page 222 and 223: NOTES TO PAGES 63-72 209 lection, N
Page 224 and 225: NOTES TO PAGES 86-108 211 tlemen of
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Page 228: NOTES TO PAGES 181-200 215 64. Fone
Page 231 and 232: 218 BIBLIOGRAPHY Burman, Shirley, c
Page 233 and 234: 220 BIBLIOGRAPHY Long Beach (Calif.
Page 235 and 236: 222 BIBLIOGRAPHY Withuhn, William L
Page 237: 224 Boston and Providence Railroad,
Page 241 and 242: 228 Northbridge, Mass., telegraph o
Page 243 and 244: 230 telegraphers, demographics: age
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