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2-21 Phosphoric acid, hypo- H4P2O6 cr. 55 d. 70 s. 45062° Phosphoric acid, meta- Phosphoric acid, ortho- HPO3 H3PO4† vitreous, delq. col., rhb. 2.2–2.5 1.834 subl. s. Forms H3PO4 i. lq. CO2 18.2° 42.35 −aH2O, 213 234026° Phosphoric acid, pyro- H4P2O7 wh. nd. 61 800 v. s. s. al. 28° Phosphorous acid, hypo- H3PO2 syrupy 1.493 Forms H3PO4 v. s. al., et. 18.8° Phosphorous acid, ortho- H3PO3 col. 1.651 26.5 d. ∞ ∞ 21.2° 74 d. 200 307.30° 73040° Phosphorous acid, pyro- Phosphorus, black Phosphorus, red H4P2O5 P4 P4 nd. rhombohedral red, cb. 2.69 2.20 38 d. 130 ign. in air, 400 d. i. i. i. CS2 20° 59043atm Phosphorus, yellow P4 yel., hex., 2.1168 1.82 ign. in air, 725 i. i. s. alk.; i. CS2, NH3, et. 20° ; lq. 44.1; ign. 34 280 0.0003 sl. s. 0.4 al.; 100010° CS2; 1.50° 1.745 , 44.5° 1081° chloride, tri- PCl3 col., fuming lq. 1.574 bs.; s. NH3 20.8° 4 −111.8 75.95760mm chloride, penta- PCl5 delq., tet. solid 1.6; 3.60 148 under subl. 160 d. d. s. et., chl., CS2 s. CS2, C6H5COCl 295° (A) pressure oxide, pentaoxychloride P2O5 POCl3 wh., delq., amor. col., fuming lq. 2.387 1.675 subl. 250 2 107.2 Forms H3PO4 v. s. s. H2SO4; i. NH3, act. 760mm Phosphotungstic acid Platinum H3PO412WO3xH2O Pt yel.-gn. cr. silv. met., cb. 21.45 d. s. d. al. s. al., et. 20° lq. 19 1755 4300 i. i. s. aq. reg., fused alk. 1755° chloride (ic) PtCl4 brn. d. 370 14025° v. s. s. al., act.; sl. s. NH2; i. et. chloride (ous) PtCl2 brn. 5.8711° chloride (ic) cyanide (ous) Plutonium PtCl48H2O Pt(CN) 2 Pu red, mn. yel.-brn. d. 581 2.43 −4H2O, 100 Produced by deuteron bombardment on U i. v. s. i. i. v. s. i. s. HCl, NH4OH; sl. s. NH3; i. al., et. s. al., et. i. alk. 238 Plutonium Pu Produced by neutron bombardment on U238 Potassium K silv. met., cb. 0.8620° 62.3 760 d. Forms s. a., al., Hg lq. 0.8342° KOH acetate KC2H3O2 wh. pd. 1.8 292 2170° 39690° acetate, acid aluminate amide KH(C2H3O2) 2 K2(AlO2) 23H2O KNH2 delq. nd. or pl. cr. yel.-grn. 148 338 d. 200 subl. 400 d. s. d. d. 33 al.; i. et. s. ac. s. alk.; i al. d. al.; 3.625° arsenate (monobasic) KH2AsO4 col., tet., 1.5674 2.867 288 18.87 NH3 6° auricyanide aurocyanide KAu(CN) 415H2O KAu(CN) 2 pl. rhb. d. 200 s. 14.3 v. s. v. s. 200 i. al. s. al. 100° bicarbonate KHCO3 mn., 1.482 2.17 d. 100–200 22.4 sl. s. al.; i. et. 0° 6060° bisulfate KHSO4 rhb., or mn., 1.480 2.35 210 d. 36.3 i. satd. K2CO3, al. 0° 121.6100° bromate KBrO3 trig. 3.27 d. al. 17.5° 370 d. 3.110° 49.75100° bromide KBr col., cb., 1.5594 2.75 sl. s. al.; i. act. 25° 730 1380 53.50° 104100° sl. s. al., et. carbonate K2CO3 wh., delq. pd., 1.531 2.29 891 d. 105.50° 156100° carbonate K2CO32H2O rhb. 2.043 183 i. al. 0° 331100° carbonate 2K2CO33H3O mn. 2.13 129.40° 268100° chlorate KClO3 col., mn., 1.5167 2.32 368 d. 400 3.30° 57100° chloride (sylvite) KCl col., cb., 1.4904 1.988 790 1500 27.6 0.83 al.; s. alk. 0° 56.7100° s. al., alk. chloroplatinate K2PtCl6 yel., cb., 1.825 3.499 d. 250 0.740° 5.2100° chromate (tarapacaite) K2CrO4 yel., rhb., 1.7261 2.732 i. al., et. 18° 975 58.00° 75.6100° cyanate KCNO wh., tet. 2.048 s. d. i. al. v. sl. s. al. cyanide KCN wh., cb., delq., 1.410 1.5216° 634.5 s. 122.2108.8° s. gly.; 0.919.5° al.; 1.3 h. al. dichromate K2Cr2O7 red, tri. 2.69 398 d. 4.90° 80100° ferricyanide K3Fe(CN) 6 red, mn. pr., 1.5689 1.84 d. 33 i. al. 4.4° 77.5100° ferrocyanide K4Fe(CN) 63H2O yel., mn., 1.5772 1.853 s. act.; sl. s. al.; i. NH3 17° −3HO2, 70 27.812.2° 90.696.8° formate KHCO2 col., rhb. 1.91 167.5 d. 331 s. act.; i. NH3, al., et. 18° 65790° hydride hydrosulfide KH KHS cb., 1.453 wh., delq., rhb. 0.80 2.0 d. 455 d. s. s. d. sl. s. al.; i. et. i. et., bz., CS2 s. al. hydroxide KOH wh., delq., rhb. 2.044 380 1320 970° 178100° iodate KIO3 col., mn. 3.89 560 4.73 v. s. al., et.; i. NH3 0° 32.2100° iodide KI wh., cb., 1.6670 3.13 723 1330 127.5 s. KI; i. al., NH3 0° 208100° 420° 161.98 79.98 98.00 177.98 66.00 82.00 145.98 123.90 123.90 123.90 137.33 208.24 141.94 153.33 2880.05 195.08 336.89 265.98 481.01 247.11 238.05 239.05 39.10 98.14 158.19 250.20 55.12 180.03 367.16 288.10 100.12 136.17 167.00 119.00 138.21 174.24 330.46 122.55 74.55 485.99 194.19 81.12 65.12 294.18 329.24 422.39 84.12 40.11 72.17 56.11 214.00 166.00 al.; s. NH3; sl. s. et. *One commercial form 70 to 72 per cent. †Common commercial form 85 per cent H3PO4 in aqueous solution.
2-22 TABLE 2-1 Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued) Formula Color, crystalline form Specific Melting Boiling Solubility in 100 parts Name Formula weight and refractive index gravity point, °C point, °C Cold water Hot water Other reagents Potassium (Cont.) iodide, triiodoplatinate manganate metabisulfite KI3 K2PtI6 K2MnO4 K2S2O5 dark blue, delq., mn. cb. gn., rhb. mn., pl. 3.498 5.18 45 d. 190 d. 150 d. 225 v. s. s. d. 25 s. KI, al. s. KOH 0° 12094° nitrate (saltpeter) KNO3 col., rhb., 1.5038 2.11 sl. s. al.; i. et. 10.6° tr. 129; 333 d. 400 13.30° 246100° 0.130° nitrite KNO2 pr. 1.915 297 d. 350 281 al.; i. et. 0° 413100° oxalate K2C2O4H2O wh., mn. 2.13 d. 28.7 v. s. NH3; sl. s. al. 0° 83.2100° oxalate, acid KHC2O4* mn., 1.545 2.0 d. 14.350° 48.1100° oxalate, acid KHC2O4aH2O trimetric d. 2.20° 51.5100° oxide K2O wh., cb. 2.32 20° perchlorate KClO4 col., rhb., 1.4737 4 2.524 Forms KOH v. s. s. al., et. 11° 4 d. 400 0.750° 21.8100° 0.10520° permanganate KMnO4 purple, rhb. 2.703 d. 2500 i. i. sl. s. aq. reg., a. chloride chloride Rubidium RhCl3 RhCl34H2O Rb red dark red silv. wh. lq. 1.475 d. 450 subl. 800 i. v. s. i. v. sl. s. alk.; i. aq. reg., a. s. HCl, al.; i. et. 88.5 102.91 209.26 281.33 85.47 ; 38.5 700 d. s. a., al. Ruthenium Ru bk., porous 8.6 >1950 i. i. sl. s. aq. reg., a. Ruthenium Ru gray, hex. 12.220° 2450 >2700 i. i. Samarium Sm (also Sa) 7.7 >1300 Scandium Sc 2.5? 1200 2400 Selenic acid H2SeO4 hex. pr. 2.950 15° 4 58 260 130030° ∞60° Selenic acid H2SeO4H2O nd. 2.627 s. H2SO4; d. al.; i. NH3 15° 4 26 205 v. s. Selenium Se8 red pd., amor., 2.92 4.2625° 101.07 101.07 150.36 44.96 144.97 162.99 Selenium Se8 631.68 631.68 gray, trig., 3.00; red, hex. 4.80; 4.50 50 220 688 688 i. i. i. i. s. CS2, H2SO4, CH2I2 s. CS2, H2SO4 1.53 20° HNO 3
Page 2 and 3: Copyright © 2008, 1997, 1984, 1973
Page 4 and 5: Bruce E. Poling Department of Chemi
Page 6 and 7: 2-132 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) . . .
Page 8 and 9: TRANSPORT PROPERTIES Introduction .
Page 10 and 11: 2-7 TABLE 2-1 Physical Properties o
Page 12 and 13: 2-9 phosphate, dibasic (NH4) 2HPO4
Page 14 and 15: 2-11 chloride CdCl22aH2O col., mn.,
Page 16 and 17: 2-13 Chromium trioxide (chromic aci
Page 18 and 19: 2-15 phosphate (vivianite) silicate
Page 20 and 21: 2-17 oxide, monooxide, red (minium)
Page 22 and 23: 2-19 chloride (calomel) HgCl wh., t
Page 26 and 27: 2-23 Selenium Se8 steel gray 4.825
Page 28 and 29: 2-25 sulfate Na2SO4 col., hex. 884
Page 30 and 31: 2-27 oxide (pitchblende) sulfate (o
Page 32 and 33: 2-29 Amino-diphenylamine (p-) H2NC6
Page 34 and 35: 2-31 768 Benzoin (dl-) C6H5COCHOHC6
Page 36 and 37: 2-33 20 Carvacrylamine (2-,1-,4-) H
Page 38 and 39: 2-35 Dibenzothiazyl-disulfide (2-,2
Page 40 and 41: 2-37 73/4 Diphenyl C6H5C6H5 col. mn
Page 42 and 43: 2-39 15 Glutaric acid CH2(CH2CO2H)2
Page 44 and 45: 2-41 25 Methoxy-methoxyethanol CH3(
Page 46 and 47: 2-43 62 -naphthalene (α-) C10H7NO2
Page 48 and 49: 2-45 Pulegol (iso-)(d-) C10H17OH co
Page 50 and 51: 2-47 -phenol (2-,3-,6-) (NO2)3C6H2O
Page 52 and 53: Paraffins Name Cmpd. No. Formula Me
Page 54 and 55: VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
Page 56 and 57: VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
Page 58 and 59: 2-55 TABLE 2-8 Vapor Pressure of In
Page 60 and 61: 2-57 121 Diphenyl ether C12H10O 101
Page 62 and 63: 2-59 243 -Methyl styrene C9H10 98-8
Page 64 and 65: TABLE 2-9 Vapor Pressures of Inorga
Page 66 and 67: TABLE 2-9 Vapor Pressures of Inorga
Page 68 and 69: TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organ
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TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organ
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FIG. 2-1 Vapor pressures of H 3PO 4
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TABLE 2-14 Water Partial Pressure,
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VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS 2-85 T
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TABLE 2-17 Total Pressure, bar, of
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TABLE 2-19 Partial Pressures of H2O
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2-91 TABLE 2-24 Mole Percentages of
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2-93 TABLE 2-26 Total Vapor Pressur
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CHART FOR GASES AT HIGH PRESSURES T
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TABLE 2-31 Density (kg/m 3 ) of Mer
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2-99 60 o-Cresol C 7H 8O 95-48-7 10
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2-101 182 Hydrazine H 4N 2 302-01-2
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2-103 304 Propylbenzene C9H12 103-6
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TABLE 2-42 Barium Chloride (BaCl2)*
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DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLU
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TABLE 2-73 Potassium Carbonate (K2C
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DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTI
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TABLE 2-117 Glycerol* DENSITIES OF
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TABLE 2-119 Densities of Aqueous So
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TABLE 2-120 Approximate Specific Gr
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2-127 1 Calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO3
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2-129 TABLE 2-122 Solubilities of I
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TABLE 2-125 Henry’s Constant H fo
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UNITS CONVERSIONS For this subsecti
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THERMAL EXPANSION 2-135 TABLE 2-136
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UNITS CONVERSIONS Joule-Thomson coe
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CRITICAL CONSTANTS 2-139 TABLE 2-14
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CRITICAL CONSTANTS 2-141 TABLE 2-14
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INTRODUCTION The compressibility fa
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TABLE 2-147 Heats of Fusion and Vap
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TABLE 2-147 Heats of Fusion and Vap
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TABLE 2-149 Heats of Fusion of Orga
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2-151 60 o-Cresol C 7H 8O 95-48-7 1
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2-153 182 Hydrazine H 4N 2 302-01-2
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2-155 303 Propyl amine C3H9N 107-10
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TABLE 2-151 Heat Capacities of the
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2-165 TABLE 2-153 Heat Capacities o
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2-167 117 Dimethyl sulfide C 2H 6S
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2-169 237 2-Methyl-2-propanol C4H10
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TABLE 2-154 Specific Heats of Organ
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TABLE 2-154 Specific Heats of Organ
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2-175 237 2-Methyl-2-propanol C4H10
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2-177 61 p-Cresol C7H8O 106-44-5 10
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2-179 184 Hydrogen bromide HBr 1003
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2-181 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 3
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UNITS CONVERSIONS For this subsecti
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TABLE 2-176 and Solids Specific Hea
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TABLE 2-178 Heats and Free Energies
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2-195 TABLE 2-179 Enthalpies and Gi
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2-197 117 Dimethyl sulfide C 2H 6S
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2-199 238 2-Methyl propene C 4H 8 1
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TABLE 2-180 Ideal Gas Sensible Enth
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Aluminum bromide aq AlBr3 +85.3 chl
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TABLE 2-182 Heats of Solution of In
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EXPLANATION OF TABLES The following
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TABLE 2-185 Thermodynamic Propertie
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2-211 TABLE 2-187 Thermodynamic Pro
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2-213 97 0.44878 0.62667 1.5957 5.4
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2-215 Pressure (MPa) −200 −100
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2-219 Pressure (MPa) −200 0 200 4
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2-223 200.00 100.00 30.368 0.032930
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2-225 0.60 0.04 0.58 0.38 0.0218 0.
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2-227 0.60 0.07 0.56 0.37 0.0457 0.
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TABLE 2-194 Saturated Bromine* THER
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2-233 250.00 1.0000 10.770 0.092855
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2-235 Single-Phase Properties 100.0
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2-243 114.00 1.3517 1.9228 0.52008
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TABLE 2-201 Thermophysical Properti
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2-249 TABLE 2-205 Thermophysical Pr
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TABLE 2-206 Saturated Chloroform (R
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 2-267 FIG.
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2-271 200.00 1.0000 0.61498 1.6261
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TABLE 2-232 Saturated Mercury* THER
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FIG. 2-12 Enthalpy-log-pressure dia
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2-309 Pressure (MPa) −200 −100
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FIG. 2-14 Mollier diagram for nitro
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2-333 Pressure (MPa) 150 200 250 30
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TABLE 2-253 Saturated Refrigerant 1
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2-347 Pressure (MPa) 0 100 200 300
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TABLE 2-261 Thermodynamic Propertie
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Pressure, bar 30 20 15 10 8 6 4 2 1
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TABLE 2-265 Saturated R-401B (SUVA
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2-371 FIG. 2-25 Enthalpy-log-pressu
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2-393 Pressure (MPa) 50 100 150 200
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2-395 305.00 1.9749 1.1138 0.89779
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2-399 310.00 1.7307 0.98768 1.0125
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2-401 TABLE 2-299 Saturated Sodium
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TABLE 2-302 Saturated SUVA AC 9000
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2-415 800 5 0.77805 1.2853 56.576 6
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TABLE 2-308 Surface Tension (N/m) o
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2-421 TABLE 2-312 Vapor Viscosity o
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2-423 119 Dimethyl terephthalate C
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2-425 241 Methylpropyl sulfide C4H1
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2-427 TABLE 2-313 Viscosity of Inor
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2-429 119 Dimethyl terephthalate C
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2-431 241 Methylpropyl sulfide C4H1
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2-433 TABLE 2-314 Vapor Thermal Con
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2-435 117 Dimethyl sulfide C2H6S 75
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2-437 238 2-Methyl propene C 4H 8 1
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2-439 TABLE 2-315 Thermal Conductiv
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2-441 116 Dimethylsilane C 2H 8Si 1
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2-443 237 2-Methyl-2-propanol C 4H
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TABLE 2-316 Transport Properties of
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2-447 Methyl acetate Vinyl acetate
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TRANSPORT PROPERTIES 2-449 FIG. 2-3
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TABLE 2-321 Prandtl Number of Air*
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TRANSPORT PROPERTIES 2-455 TABLE 2-
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TABLE 2-328 Thermal Conductivity of
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PREDICTION AND CORRELATION OF PHYSI
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TABLE 2-336 Ambrose Group a Contrib
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TABLE 2-338 Fedors*Method Atomic an
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Example The vapor pressure of n-dec
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Rg = = 1.505 × 10−10 2π(1.918
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Expected uncertainty: 5 to 10 perce
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Interpolation of the Pr values in T
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method. Although Eqs. (2-33) and (2
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Prog., 69, 7 (1973): 83; Lee, B. I.
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From Eq. (2-52): CP = (307.93) 0.79
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− 0.000607(1.06) 8 =−0.301 B (1
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2-501 Table 2-352 Acentric Deviatio
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Liquids For most liquids, the satur
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Numerous methods have been develope
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Group interactions: m/n αmn group
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TABLE 2-358 Correlation Parameters
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Calculation using Eq. (2-112): k =
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where σm = surface tension of the
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The values recommended in the DIPPR
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