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TRANSPORT PROPERTIES Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-420 Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-420 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-420 Tables 2-310 Velocity of Sound (m/s) in Gaseous Refrigerants at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-420 2-311 Velocity of Sound (m/s) in Saturated Liquid Refrigerants . . 2-420 2-312 Vapor Viscosity of Inorganic and Organic Substances (Pas) 2-421 2-313 Viscosity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (Pas) . . . . . . . . 2-427 2-314 Vapor Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic and Organic Substances [W/(mK)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-433 2-315 Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [W/(mK)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-439 2-316 Transport Properties of Selected Gases at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-445 2-317 Lower and Upper Flammability Limits, Flash Point, and Autoignition Temperature for Selected Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-446 2-318 Viscosities of Liquids: Coordinates for Use with Fig. 2-32 . . 2-448 Nomograph for Viscosities of Liquids at 1 atm (Fig. 2-32) . . 2-449 Tables 2-319 Viscosity of Sucrose Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-450 Nomograph for Thermal Conductivity of Organic Liquids (Fig. 2-33) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-450 2-320 Thermal Conductivity Nomograph Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . 2-450 2-321 Prandtl Number of Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-451 2-322 Prandtl Number of Liquid Refrigerants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-451 2-323 Thermophysical Properties of Miscellaneous Saturated Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-452 2-324 Diffusivities of Pairs of Gases and Vapors (1 atm) . . . . . . . . 2-454 2-325 Diffusivities in Liquids (25°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-456 2-326 Thermal Conductivities of Some Building and Insulating Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-459 2-327 Thermal-Conductivity-Temperature for Metals . . . . . . . . . . 2-460 2-328 Thermal Conductivity of Chromium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-461 2-329 Thermal Conductivity of Some Alloys at High Temperature 2-461 2-330 Thermal Conductivities of Some Materials for Refrigeration and Building Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-461 2-331 Thermal Conductivities of Insulating Materials at High Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-461 2-332 Thermal Conductivities of Insulating Materials at Moderate Temperatures (Nusselt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-462 2-333 Thermal Conductivities of Insulating Materials at Low Temperatures (Gröber) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-462 2-334 Thermal Diffusivity (m 2 /s) of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . . 2-462 2-335 Thermophysical Properties of Selected Nonmetallic Solid Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-463 PREDICTION AND CORRELATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-463 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-464 Classification of Estimation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467 Theory and Empirical Extension of Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467 Corresponding States (CS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467 Group Contributions (GC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467 Computational Chemistry (CC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468 Empirical QSPR Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468 Molecular Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468 Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468 Critical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468 Tables 2-336 Ambrose Group Contributions for Critical Constants . . . . . 2-469 2-337 Joback Group Contributions for Critical Constants . . . . . . . 2-470 Normal Melting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-471 Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-471 2-338 Fedors Method Atomic and Structural Contributions . . . . . 2-471 2-339 First-Order Groups and Their Contributions for Melting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-472 2-340 Second-Order Groups and Their Contributions for Melting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-472 Characterizing and Correlating Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-473 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA 2-5 2-341 Group Contributions for the Nannoolal Method for Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-474 2-342 Intermolecular Interaction Corrections for the Nannoolal et al. Method for Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . 2-476 Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-477 Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-477 Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-478 Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-478 Enthalpy of Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-478 2-343 Domalski-Hearing Group Contribution Values for Standard State Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-479 Entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-485 Gibbs’ Energy of Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-486 Latent Enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-486 Enthalpy of Vaporization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-486 Enthalpy of Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-487 Enthalpy of Sublimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-488 2-344 Cs (CH) Group Values for Chickos Estimation of ∆H fus . 2-488 2-345 Ct (Functional) Group Values for Chickos Estimation of ∆H fus 2-488 Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-489 Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-489 2-346 Group Contributions and Corrections for ∆H sub . . . . . . . . . 2-489 Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-490 2-347 Benson and CHETAH Group Contributions for Ideal Gas Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-491 Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-495 2-348 Liquid Heat Capacity Group Parameters for Ruzicka-Domalski Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-496 Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-497 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-497 Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-497 2-349 Group Values and Nonlinear Correction Terms for Estimation of Solid Heat Capacity with the Goodman et al. Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-498 2-350 Element Contributions to Solid Heat Capacity for the Modified Kopp’s Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-498 2-351 Simple Fluid Compressibility Factors Z (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-500 2-352 Acentric Deviations Z (1) from the Simple Fluid Compressibility Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-501 2-353 Constants for the Two Reference Fluids Used in Lee-Kesler Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-502 2-354 Relationships for Eq. (2-66) for Common Cubic EoS . . . . . 2-502 Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-503 Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-503 Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-504 Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-504 2-355 Reichenberg Group Contribution Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-505 Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-506 Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-506 2-356 Group Contributions for the Hsu et al. Method . . . . . . . . . . 2-507 2-357 UNIFAC-VISCO Group Interaction Parameters α mn . . . . . . 2-509 Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-509 Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-510 Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-510 2-358 Correlation Parameters for Baroncini et al. Method for Estimation of Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-511 2-359 Sastri-Rao Group Contributions for Liquid Thermal Conductivity at the Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-511 Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-512 Surface Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-513 Pure Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-513 Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-514 2-360 Knotts Group Contributions for the Parachor in Estimating Surface Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-514 Flammability Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-515 2-361 Group Contributions for Pintar Flammability Limits Method for Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-516 2-362 Group Contributions for Pintar Flammability Limits Method for Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-516 2-363 Group Contributions for Pintar Autoignition Temperature Method for Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-517 2-364 Group Contributions for Pintar Autoignition Temperature Method for Inorganic Compounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-517
Considerations of reader interest, space availability, the system or systems of units employed, copyright considerations, etc., have all influenced the revision of material in previous editions for the present edition. Reference is made at numerous places to various specialized works and, when appropriate, to more general works. A listing of general works may be useful to readers in need of further information. ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, SI edition, ASHRAE, Atlanta, 2005; Benedek, P., and F. Olti, Computer-Aided Chemical Thermodynamics of Gases and Liquids, Wiley, New York, 1985; Brule, M. R., L. L. Lee, and K. E. Starling, Chem. Eng., 86, 25, Nov. 19, 1979, pp. 155–164; Cox, J. D., and G. Pilcher, Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970; Cox, J. D., D. D. Wagman, and V. A. Medvedev, CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989; Daubert, T. E., R. P. Danner, H. M. Sibel, and C. C. Stebbins, Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation, Taylor & Francis, Washington, 1997; Domalski, E. S., and E. D. Hearing, Heat capacities and entropies of organic compounds in the condensed phase, vol. 3, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 25(1):1–525, Jan-Feb 1996; Dykyj, J., and M. Repas, Saturated vapor pressures of organic compounds, Veda, Bratislava, 1979 (Slovak); Dykyj, J., M. Repas, and J. Svoboda, Saturated vapor pressures of organic compounds, Veda, Bratislava, 1984 (Slovak); Glushko, V. P., Ed., Thermal Constants of Compounds, Issues I–X., Moscow, 1965–1982 (Russian only); Gmehling, J., Azeotropic Data, 2 vols., VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1994; Gmehling, J., and U. Onken, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection, Dechema Chemistry Data Series, Frankfurt, 1977–1978; International Data Series, Selected Data on Mixtures, Series A: Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo.; Kaye, S. M., Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items, U.S. Army R&D command, Dover, N.J., 1980; King, M. B., Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures, Pergamon, Oxford, 1969; Landolt-Boernstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology (New Series), http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,4-10113-2- 95859-0,00.html; Lide, D. R., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2005; Lyman, W. J., W. F. Reehl, and D. H. Rosenblatt, Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990; Majer, V., and V. Svoboda, Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Science, 1985; Majer V., V. Svoboda, and J. Pick, Heats of Vaporization of Fluids, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989 (general discussion); Marsh, K. N., Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Science, 1987; NIST-IUPAC Solubility Data Series, Pergamon Press, http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/1999/march/solubility.html; Ohse, R. W., and H. von Tippelskirch, High Temp.—High Press., 9:367–385, 1977; Ohse, R. W., Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali Metals, Blackwell Science Pubs., Oxford, England, 1985; Pedley, J. B., R. D. Naylor, and S. P. Kirby, Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986; Physical Property Data for the Design Engineer, Hemisphere, New York, 1989; Poling, B. E., J. M. Prausnitz, and J. P. O’Connell, The Properties of 2-6 GENERAL REFERENCES Gases and Liquids, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001; Rothman, D, et al., Max Planck Inst. f. Stromungsforschung, Ber 6, 1978; Smith, B. D., and R. Srivastava, Thermodynamic Data for Pure Compounds, Part A: Hydrocarbons and Ketones, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986, Physical sciences data 25, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookseriesdescription.librarians/BS_PSD/description; Sterbacek, Z., B. Biskup, and P. Tausk, Calculation of Properties Using Corresponding States Methods, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979; Stull, D. R., E. F. Westrum, and G. C. Sink, The Chemical Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Wiley, New York, 1969; TRC Thermodynamic Tables—Hydrocarbons, Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo.; TRC Thermodynamic Tables—Non- Hydrocarbons, Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo.; Young, D. A., “Phase Diagrams of the Elements,” UCRL Rep. 51902, 1975 republished in expanded form by the University of California Press, 1991; Zabransky, M., V. Ruzicka, Jr., V. Majer, and E. S. Domalski, Heat Capacity of Liquids: Critical Review and Recommended Values, J. Phy. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph No. 6, 1996. CRITICAL DATA ARE COMPILED IN: Ambrose, D., “Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties,” N. P. L. Teddington, Middlesex, Rep. 107, 1980; Kudchaker, A. P., G. H. Alani, and B. J. Zwolinski, Chem. Revs. 68:659–735, 1968; Matthews, J. F., Chem. Revs. 72:71–100, 1972; Simmrock, K., R. Janowsky, and A. Ohnsorge, Critical Data of Pure Substances, Parts 1 and 2, Dechema Chemistry Data Series, 1986; Other recent references for critical data can be found in Lide, D. R., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2005. PUBLICATIONS ON THERMOCHEMISTRY Pedley, J. B., Thermochemical Data and Structures of Organic Compounds, 1, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M Univ., 1994 (976 pp., 3000 cpds.); Frenkel, M., et al., Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State, 2 vols., Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M Univ., 1994 (1825 pp., 2000 cpds.); Barin, I., Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, 2 vols., 2d ed., VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1993 (1834 pp., 2400 substances); Gurvich, L.V., et al., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 3 vols., 4th ed., Hemisphere, New York, 1989, 1990, and 1993 (2520 pp.); Lide, D. R., and G. W. A. Milne, Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 7 vols., 3d ed., Chemical Rubber, Miami, 1993 (7000 pp.); Daubert, T. E., et al., Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation, extant 1995, Taylor & Francis, Bristol, Pa., 1995; Database 11, NIST, Gaithersburg, Md. U.S. Bureau of Mines publications include Bulletins 584, 1960 (232 pp.); 592, 1961 (149 pp.); 595, 1961 (68 pp.); 654, 1970 (26 pp.); Chase, M. W., et al., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 3d ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 14 suppl 1., 1986 (1896 pp.); Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data is available online at http://listserv. nd.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0501&L=pamnet&F=&S=&P=8490 and at http://www.nist.gov/srd/reprints.htm
Page 2 and 3: Copyright © 2008, 1997, 1984, 1973
Page 4 and 5: Bruce E. Poling Department of Chemi
Page 6 and 7: 2-132 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) . . .
Page 10 and 11: 2-7 TABLE 2-1 Physical Properties o
Page 12 and 13: 2-9 phosphate, dibasic (NH4) 2HPO4
Page 14 and 15: 2-11 chloride CdCl22aH2O col., mn.,
Page 16 and 17: 2-13 Chromium trioxide (chromic aci
Page 18 and 19: 2-15 phosphate (vivianite) silicate
Page 20 and 21: 2-17 oxide, monooxide, red (minium)
Page 22 and 23: 2-19 chloride (calomel) HgCl wh., t
Page 24 and 25: 2-21 Phosphoric acid, hypo- H4P2O6
Page 26 and 27: 2-23 Selenium Se8 steel gray 4.825
Page 28 and 29: 2-25 sulfate Na2SO4 col., hex. 884
Page 30 and 31: 2-27 oxide (pitchblende) sulfate (o
Page 32 and 33: 2-29 Amino-diphenylamine (p-) H2NC6
Page 34 and 35: 2-31 768 Benzoin (dl-) C6H5COCHOHC6
Page 36 and 37: 2-33 20 Carvacrylamine (2-,1-,4-) H
Page 38 and 39: 2-35 Dibenzothiazyl-disulfide (2-,2
Page 40 and 41: 2-37 73/4 Diphenyl C6H5C6H5 col. mn
Page 42 and 43: 2-39 15 Glutaric acid CH2(CH2CO2H)2
Page 44 and 45: 2-41 25 Methoxy-methoxyethanol CH3(
Page 46 and 47: 2-43 62 -naphthalene (α-) C10H7NO2
Page 48 and 49: 2-45 Pulegol (iso-)(d-) C10H17OH co
Page 50 and 51: 2-47 -phenol (2-,3-,6-) (NO2)3C6H2O
Page 52 and 53: Paraffins Name Cmpd. No. Formula Me
Page 54 and 55: VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
Page 56 and 57: VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
Page 58 and 59:
2-55 TABLE 2-8 Vapor Pressure of In
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2-57 121 Diphenyl ether C12H10O 101
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2-59 243 -Methyl styrene C9H10 98-8
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TABLE 2-9 Vapor Pressures of Inorga
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TABLE 2-9 Vapor Pressures of Inorga
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TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organ
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FIG. 2-1 Vapor pressures of H 3PO 4
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TABLE 2-14 Water Partial Pressure,
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VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS 2-85 T
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TABLE 2-17 Total Pressure, bar, of
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TABLE 2-19 Partial Pressures of H2O
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2-91 TABLE 2-24 Mole Percentages of
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2-93 TABLE 2-26 Total Vapor Pressur
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CHART FOR GASES AT HIGH PRESSURES T
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TABLE 2-31 Density (kg/m 3 ) of Mer
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2-99 60 o-Cresol C 7H 8O 95-48-7 10
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2-101 182 Hydrazine H 4N 2 302-01-2
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2-103 304 Propylbenzene C9H12 103-6
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TABLE 2-42 Barium Chloride (BaCl2)*
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DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLU
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TABLE 2-73 Potassium Carbonate (K2C
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DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTI
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TABLE 2-117 Glycerol* DENSITIES OF
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TABLE 2-119 Densities of Aqueous So
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TABLE 2-120 Approximate Specific Gr
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2-127 1 Calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO3
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2-129 TABLE 2-122 Solubilities of I
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TABLE 2-125 Henry’s Constant H fo
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UNITS CONVERSIONS For this subsecti
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THERMAL EXPANSION 2-135 TABLE 2-136
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UNITS CONVERSIONS Joule-Thomson coe
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CRITICAL CONSTANTS 2-139 TABLE 2-14
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CRITICAL CONSTANTS 2-141 TABLE 2-14
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INTRODUCTION The compressibility fa
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TABLE 2-147 Heats of Fusion and Vap
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TABLE 2-147 Heats of Fusion and Vap
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TABLE 2-149 Heats of Fusion of Orga
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2-151 60 o-Cresol C 7H 8O 95-48-7 1
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2-153 182 Hydrazine H 4N 2 302-01-2
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2-155 303 Propyl amine C3H9N 107-10
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TABLE 2-151 Heat Capacities of the
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2-165 TABLE 2-153 Heat Capacities o
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2-167 117 Dimethyl sulfide C 2H 6S
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2-169 237 2-Methyl-2-propanol C4H10
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TABLE 2-154 Specific Heats of Organ
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TABLE 2-154 Specific Heats of Organ
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2-175 237 2-Methyl-2-propanol C4H10
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2-177 61 p-Cresol C7H8O 106-44-5 10
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2-179 184 Hydrogen bromide HBr 1003
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2-181 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 3
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UNITS CONVERSIONS For this subsecti
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TABLE 2-176 and Solids Specific Hea
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TABLE 2-178 Heats and Free Energies
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2-195 TABLE 2-179 Enthalpies and Gi
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2-197 117 Dimethyl sulfide C 2H 6S
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2-199 238 2-Methyl propene C 4H 8 1
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TABLE 2-180 Ideal Gas Sensible Enth
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Aluminum bromide aq AlBr3 +85.3 chl
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TABLE 2-182 Heats of Solution of In
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EXPLANATION OF TABLES The following
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TABLE 2-185 Thermodynamic Propertie
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2-211 TABLE 2-187 Thermodynamic Pro
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2-213 97 0.44878 0.62667 1.5957 5.4
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2-215 Pressure (MPa) −200 −100
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2-219 Pressure (MPa) −200 0 200 4
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2-223 200.00 100.00 30.368 0.032930
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2-225 0.60 0.04 0.58 0.38 0.0218 0.
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2-227 0.60 0.07 0.56 0.37 0.0457 0.
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TABLE 2-194 Saturated Bromine* THER
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2-233 250.00 1.0000 10.770 0.092855
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2-235 Single-Phase Properties 100.0
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2-243 114.00 1.3517 1.9228 0.52008
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TABLE 2-201 Thermophysical Properti
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2-249 TABLE 2-205 Thermophysical Pr
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TABLE 2-206 Saturated Chloroform (R
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 2-267 FIG.
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2-271 200.00 1.0000 0.61498 1.6261
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TABLE 2-232 Saturated Mercury* THER
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FIG. 2-12 Enthalpy-log-pressure dia
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2-309 Pressure (MPa) −200 −100
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FIG. 2-14 Mollier diagram for nitro
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2-333 Pressure (MPa) 150 200 250 30
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TABLE 2-253 Saturated Refrigerant 1
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2-347 Pressure (MPa) 0 100 200 300
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TABLE 2-261 Thermodynamic Propertie
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Pressure, bar 30 20 15 10 8 6 4 2 1
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TABLE 2-265 Saturated R-401B (SUVA
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2-371 FIG. 2-25 Enthalpy-log-pressu
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2-393 Pressure (MPa) 50 100 150 200
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2-395 305.00 1.9749 1.1138 0.89779
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2-399 310.00 1.7307 0.98768 1.0125
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2-401 TABLE 2-299 Saturated Sodium
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TABLE 2-302 Saturated SUVA AC 9000
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2-415 800 5 0.77805 1.2853 56.576 6
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TABLE 2-308 Surface Tension (N/m) o
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2-421 TABLE 2-312 Vapor Viscosity o
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2-423 119 Dimethyl terephthalate C
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2-425 241 Methylpropyl sulfide C4H1
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2-427 TABLE 2-313 Viscosity of Inor
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2-429 119 Dimethyl terephthalate C
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2-431 241 Methylpropyl sulfide C4H1
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2-433 TABLE 2-314 Vapor Thermal Con
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2-435 117 Dimethyl sulfide C2H6S 75
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2-437 238 2-Methyl propene C 4H 8 1
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2-439 TABLE 2-315 Thermal Conductiv
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2-441 116 Dimethylsilane C 2H 8Si 1
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2-443 237 2-Methyl-2-propanol C 4H
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TABLE 2-316 Transport Properties of
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2-447 Methyl acetate Vinyl acetate
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TRANSPORT PROPERTIES 2-449 FIG. 2-3
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TABLE 2-321 Prandtl Number of Air*
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TRANSPORT PROPERTIES 2-455 TABLE 2-
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TABLE 2-328 Thermal Conductivity of
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PREDICTION AND CORRELATION OF PHYSI
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TABLE 2-336 Ambrose Group a Contrib
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TABLE 2-338 Fedors*Method Atomic an
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Example The vapor pressure of n-dec
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Rg = = 1.505 × 10−10 2π(1.918
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Expected uncertainty: 5 to 10 perce
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Interpolation of the Pr values in T
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method. Although Eqs. (2-33) and (2
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Prog., 69, 7 (1973): 83; Lee, B. I.
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From Eq. (2-52): CP = (307.93) 0.79
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− 0.000607(1.06) 8 =−0.301 B (1
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2-501 Table 2-352 Acentric Deviatio
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Liquids For most liquids, the satur
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Numerous methods have been develope
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Group interactions: m/n αmn group
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TABLE 2-358 Correlation Parameters
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Calculation using Eq. (2-112): k =
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where σm = surface tension of the
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The values recommended in the DIPPR
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