The Dissection of Vertebrates A Laboratory Manual

More documents

Recommendations

Info

C HAPTER 7 THE CAT Introduction 131 Section I—Skeleton 132 Cranial Skeleton 132 Skull 132 Mandible 138 Hyoid Apparatus 139 Key Terms: Cranial Skeleton 139 Postcranial Skeleton 140 Vertebral Column 140 Cervical Vertebrae 140 Thoracic Vertebrae 141 Lumbar Vertebrae 142 Sacral Vertebrae 142 Caudal Vertebrae 143 Ribs 144 Sternum 144 Forelimb 144 Scapula 144 Clavicle 145 Humerus 145 Ulna 146 Radius 146 Manus 147 Hind Limb 147 Pelvis 147 Femur 147 Patella 148 Tibia 148 Fibula 149 Pes 149 Key Terms: Postcranial Skeleton 150 Section II—External Anatomy 151 Key Terms: External Anatomy 152 Section III—Muscular System 153 Muscle Terminology 153 Connective Tissue and Fiber Direction 153 Key Terms: Muscular System 153 Subdivision of the Musculature 153 Skinning the Cat 153 Appendicular Musculature 158 Muscles of the Forelimb 158 Superficial Forelimb Muscles: Lateral View 158 Superficial Forelimb Muscles: Ventral View 160 Deep Forelimb Muscles: Lateral View Deep Forelimb Muscles: Lateral View 160 with Forelimb Abducted 163 Key Terms: Muscles of the Forelimb 165 Muscles of the Hind Limb 165 Superficial Hind Limb Muscles: Lateral View 165 Superficial Hind Limb Muscles: Medial View 166 Deep Hind Limb Muscles: Lateral View 168 Deep Hind Limb Muscles: Medial View 171 Key Terms: Muscles of the Hind Limb 173 Muscles of the Head and Trunk 174 Muscles of the Trunk 174 Muscles of the Back and Neck 174 Muscles of the Throat and Jaw 178 Key Terms: Muscles of the Head and Trunk 180 Section IV—Digestive and Respiratory Systems 180 Salivary Glands 180 Oral Cavity and Pharynx 180 Pericardial Cavity 186 Abdominopelvic Cavity 186 Key Terms: Digestive and Respiratory Systems 194 Section V—Cardiovascular System 194 Heart 194 Vessels 195 Main Vessels Associated with the Heart 195 Vessels Anterior to the Diaphragm 195 Vessels Posterior to the Diaphragm 201 Vessels Associated with the Viscera 205 Key Terms: Cardiovascular System 207 Section VI—Urogenital System 212 Excretory System 212 Key Terms: Excretory System 214 Male Reproductive System 214 Opening the Pelvic Canal 216 Male Reproductive System, Continued 216 Key Terms: Male Reproductive System 216 Female Reproductive System 216 Key Terms: Female Reproductive System 217 Section VII—Brain and Cranial Nerves 218 Meninges 218 Telencephalon 218 Diencephalon 220 Mesencephalon 222 Metencephalon 222 Myelencephalon 222 Sagittal Section of the Brain 222 Cranial Nerves 224 Key Terms: Brain and Cranial Nerves 224 CONTENTS ix
C HAPTER 8 THE PIGEON Introduction 227 Section I—Skeleton 227 Skull, Mandible, and Hyoid Apparatus 227 Postcranial Skeleton 229 Vertebrae 229 Ribs 230 Sternum 231 Pectoral Girdle and Forelimb 231 Pelvic Girdle and Hind Limb 233 Key Terms: Skeleton 233 x CONTENTS Section II—External Anatomy 234 Key Terms: External Anatomy 234 Section III—Musculature 236 Key Terms: Musculature 241 Section IV—Body Cavity, Viscera, and Vessels 241 Key Terms: Body Cavity, Viscera, and Vessels 250 Selected References 251 Index 253
Page 2: The Dissection of Vertebrates A Lab
Page 5 and 6: Acquisitions Editor: Tamsin Kent Ma
Page 7 and 8: To our readers: Despite our best ef
Page 9: Ear 67 Key Terms: Sensory Organs 68
Page 14 and 15: The past two decades have witnessed
Page 16: students know they are not responsi
Page 20 and 21: The study of vertebrate anatomy is
Page 22: Anterior Anterodorsal (a) (b) Poste
Page 25 and 26: PROTOSTOMATA ECHINODERMATA ENTEROPN
Page 27 and 28: ately to attribute its cause to phy
Page 29 and 30: UROCHORDATA SOMITICHORDATA CEPHALOC
Page 31 and 32: the hagfishes considered the sister
Page 33 and 34: PETROMYZONTOIDEA PLACODERMI GNATHOS
Page 35 and 36: The sister group of the Actinoptery
Page 37 and 38: ACTINOPTERYGII ACTINISTA DIPNOI RHI
Page 39 and 40: AMPHIBIA REPTILIA AMNIOTA TESTUDINE
Page 41 and 42: This page intentionally left blank
Page 43 and 44: Anterior dorsal cartilage Annular c
Page 45 and 46: Ovary Mesentery Kidney FIGURE 2.5 V
Page 47 and 48: Pineal organ Olfactory sac Naris Or
Page 49 and 50: and posterior cardinal veins join t
Page 51 and 52: Examine a specimen of a dogfish ske
Page 53 and 54: Precerebral cavity Precerebral fene
Page 55 and 56: Neural canal Centrum Notochord Dors
Page 57 and 58: Posterior Anterior Ceratotrichia Ra
Page 59 and 60: (a) (b) (e) Epidermis Placoid scale
Page 61 and 62:
Interbranchial septum Spiracle Spir
Page 63 and 64:
Shark head, dorsal view (a) Pores o
Page 65 and 66:
Ampullae of Lorenzini Labial fold L
Page 67 and 68:
Gill ray Superficial constrictor m.
Page 69 and 70:
Oral cavity Hemibranch, with lamell
Page 71 and 72:
Falciform ligament Liver, right lob
Page 73 and 74:
Pylorus Stomach Line of attachment
Page 75 and 76:
Left coracohyoid m. (cut) Right cor
Page 77 and 78:
1 2 3 4 5 6 Anterior intestinal a.
Page 79 and 80:
Falciform ligament Liver, right lob
Page 81 and 82:
The gastric vein accompanies the ga
Page 83 and 84:
Liver (cut) Esophagus Epididymis Le
Page 85 and 86:
parietal peritoneum lining the pleu
Page 87 and 88:
Supraorbital canal passes onto vent
Page 89 and 90:
Antorbital process (cut) Dorsal obl
Page 91 and 92:
Anterior utriculus Membranous labyr
Page 93 and 94:
superficial ophthalmic nerve suprac
Page 95 and 96:
Olfactory sac Olfactory bulb Termin
Page 97 and 98:
This sequence, however, does not ap
Page 99 and 100:
hypophysis, just behind the optic n
Page 101 and 102:
Cleithrum Operculum Orbit Premaxill
Page 103 and 104:
Postcranial Skeleton The vertebral
Page 105 and 106:
Anterior margin Growth rings Embedd
Page 107 and 108:
Pharynx Heart Head kidney Liver Eso
Page 109 and 110:
Pharynx Heart Duodenum Esophagus He
Page 111 and 112:
This page intentionally left blank
Page 113 and 114:
Procoracoid cartilage First trunk v
Page 115 and 116:
Trabecular horn Antorbital process
Page 117 and 118:
Neural canal Prezygapophysis Verteb
Page 119 and 120:
Mouth Head Eye Neck Lips Gular fold
Page 121 and 122:
urinary bladder. It is supported fr
Page 123 and 124:
Stomach Liver Hepatic portal v. Pan
Page 125 and 126:
Male Urogenital System In males the
Page 127 and 128:
Right lung (reflected) Stomach (cut
Page 129 and 130:
External carotid a. Left branch of
Page 131 and 132:
108 CHAPTER 5 THE MUDPUPPY Internal
Page 133 and 134:
Right lung Stomach Dorsal aorta Rig
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Phalanges Metacarpals Carpals Prepo
Page 139 and 140:
that helps form the roof of the bra
Page 141 and 142:
Radio-ulna Radius Ulna Articular fo
Page 143 and 144:
KEY TERMS: EXTERNAL ANATOMY cloaca
Page 145 and 146:
Falciform ligament Right lobe of li
Page 147 and 148:
Posterior vena cava (cut) Dorsolumb
Page 149 and 150:
Right external carotid a. Right int
Page 151 and 152:
Truncus arteriosus Right atrium Bul
Page 153 and 154:
of the paired renal portal veins, w
Page 155 and 156:
Skull Cervical vertebrae Hyoid appa
Page 157 and 158:
group of jaw-closing muscles. Just
Page 159 and 160:
Postorbital process Alisphenoid Fro
Page 161 and 162:
Frontal b. Cribriform plate of ethm
Page 163 and 164:
ceratohyoid choanae condyloid canal
Page 165 and 166:
capitulum of a rib. Thoracics also
Page 167 and 168:
Posterior Hemal process Hemal arch
Page 169 and 170:
side of the trochlea. The supracond
Page 171 and 172:
Head Neck Bicipital tuberosity Inte
Page 173 and 174:
Left femur, anterior view Left femu
Page 175 and 176:
Pinna Palperbrae Eye Rhinarium Exte
Page 177 and 178:
154 TABLE 7.2 Muscles of the foreli
Page 179 and 180:
TABLE 7.3 Continued Name Origin Ins
Page 181 and 182:
The skin on the neck and throat may
Page 183 and 184:
clavotrapezius, just anterior to th
Page 185 and 186:
Mandibular gland Mylohyoid Parotid
Page 187 and 188:
Splenius Parotid gland Mandibular g
Page 189 and 190:
Sartorius Tensor fasciae latae Fasc
Page 191 and 192:
verge and lie side by side, with th
Page 193 and 194:
Tensor fasciae latae (cut & reflect
Page 195 and 196:
Spermatic cord Pectineus Adductor l
Page 197 and 198:
Muscles of the Head and Trunk Table
Page 199 and 200:
176 TABLE 7.4 Continued Name Origin
Page 201 and 202:
musculature here, you must also cut
Page 203 and 204:
Examine the head. The larger muscle
Page 205 and 206:
Premaxilla (cut) Vestibule Labia Or
Page 207 and 208:
Anterior vena cava Internal mammary
Page 209 and 210:
Internal mammary v. Anterior vena c
Page 211 and 212:
Dissection area Anterior vena cava
Page 213 and 214:
Dissection area Left lateral lobe o
Page 215 and 216:
Dissection area Head of pancreas, w
Page 217 and 218:
The pancreas consists of endocrine
Page 219 and 220:
Dissection area Vagus n. Transversu
Page 221 and 222:
Transverse scapular v. 198 CHAPTER
Page 223 and 224:
Internal mammary a. (cut) Right sub
Page 225 and 226:
Genioglossus m. Digastric m. Mylohy
Page 227 and 228:
Hepatic v. Renal vv. Right internal
Page 229 and 230:
Right medial lobe of liver Gallblad
Page 231 and 232:
RIGHT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE Pulmon
Page 233 and 234:
RIGHT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE Pulmon
Page 235 and 236:
ase of heart brachial artery brachi
Page 237 and 238:
the structures passing through the
Page 239 and 240:
structure passes to the anterior en
Page 241 and 242:
ovarian ligament ovary round ligame
Page 243 and 244:
and of fibers, the olfactory tract,
Page 245 and 246:
may have cut through it during expo
Page 247 and 248:
section ventrally and posteriorly u
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Second digit, phalanx 2 Second digi
Page 253 and 254:
Pigeon skull with mandible and hyoi
Page 255 and 256:
Ilium Dorsal iliac crest 6 free cau
Page 257 and 258:
supra-angular supracoracoideus musc
Page 259 and 260:
Barbs Anterior vane (a) Vaned fligh
Page 261 and 262:
Nictitating membrane Trachea Esopha
Page 263 and 264:
(a) (b) Carina of sternum Coracocla
Page 265 and 266:
(a) the right lobe is considerably
Page 267 and 268:
Pectoralis (cut) m. Right lung Righ
Page 269 and 270:
are two main veins on each side but
Page 271 and 272:
Right lung Posterior vena cava Righ
Page 273 and 274:
limb is the ischiadic vein, but mos
Page 275 and 276:
Maisey, J. G. 2001. Remarks on the
Page 277 and 278:
Anterior mesenteric artery (continu
Page 279 and 280:
Carpus, 147 Cat brain and cranial n
Page 281 and 282:
Dentary bone in cat, 138-139 in fro
Page 283 and 284:
Flocculonodular lobe, 222 Folia, of
Page 285 and 286:
Hypophyseal pouch, 24 Hypophysis in
Page 287 and 288:
Liver (continued) in mudpuppy, 96 i
Page 289 and 290:
Neural crest, 8 Neural plate, 31 Ne
Page 291 and 292:
Pelvis in cat, 147, 152 in frog, 11
Page 293 and 294:
Pylorus, 49 Pyramids, 222 Pyriformi
Page 295 and 296:
Squamosal bones in cat, 136 in frog
Page 297 and 298:
Ulnare, 232 Umbilical artery/vein,
show all

The Dissection of Vertebrates A Laboratory Manual

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?