initial characterization of crude extracts from phyllanthus amarus

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produced from a given amount of raw plant material) gives an indication of the strength of the solvent used in the recovery of phytochemicals . Qualitative analysis of the extracts was done by thin layer chromatography (TLC). TLC serves as one of the many methods in providing a chromatographic plant extract fingerprint (Wagner and Bladt, 1996). 1.1. Objectives 1. To optimize extraction methods in order to get the highest extraction rate for crude plant extracts of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. and Quassia amara L., by: Examining the influence of different extraction solvents on the presence of secondary metabolites in the extracts by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC); Determining the most suitable mobile phase for the plant extracts and; Determining the most suitable TLC detection method. 2. To produce optimized powder extracts based on the extraction methods developed for future bio-assay tests. 1.2. Research Hypothesis Different extraction solvents influence the composition and extraction rate of secondary metabolites in extracts of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. and Quassia amara L. 2
2.1. Background CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Suriname is the middle of the three Guyana’s and lies in the northeastern part of South America (Figure 2.1) on the geologically stable structure called the Guyana Shield. Geographically, Suriname is part of the Amazonian area. The total land area is 163,820 km 2 , of which three-quarters is covered with tropical rainforest. In Suriname there are about 430,000 people, the official language is Dutch, and a general dialect known as Surinamese (“Sranang Tongo”) is frequently spoken. The majority of the population lives along the coastal area, especially in and around the capital city of Paramaribo. Suriname is culturally more related to the Caribbean region than to Latin America (Bruining, 1977). Figure 2.1: Suriname as part of Guyana shield and the Amazonian area Of the Caribbean region, Suriname has the most ethnically heterogeneous society, including Amerindians (original inhabitants), Maroons, Creoles, Europeans, Jews, Indians, Javanese, Chinese, and Lebanese. Because of the diverse composition of the population, there is an extensive knowledge of medicinal plants in this country. Since 3
Page 1 and 2: INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE E
Page 3 and 4: suggestions to the project and manu
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT The extracts of many plant
Page 7: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION According t
Page 11 and 12: In drug discovery, the major second
Page 13 and 14: greenish, often with glands. The fr
Page 15 and 16: wood is soft and used for boxes, ki
Page 17 and 18: used for colic (Wessels Boer, 1976;
Page 19 and 20: phytochemical compounds as possible
Page 21 and 22: and fuel. In Puerto Rico the wood o
Page 23 and 24: extracts from the dry quassia wood
Page 25 and 26: Quassin has important pharmaceutica
Page 27 and 28: alumina, cellulose powder, polyamid
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1
Page 31 and 32: 1. Concentration 2. LPE 3× with he
Page 33 and 34: II. At UV-365 nm the spots were cir
Page 35 and 36: Twenty-five milligrams of crude pow
Page 37 and 38: still not completely separated. Mob
Page 39 and 40: indication that fraction 3 is less
Page 41 and 42: concentration of them is too low to
Page 43 and 44: and then visualizing the spots at U
Page 45 and 46: other impure non polar fractions/co
Page 47 and 48: to three (Q. amara) fraction(s)/com
Page 49 and 50: the extraction solvent 50% methanol
Page 51 and 52: HCl, the filtrate was then basified
Page 53 and 54: than TLC in analyzing the specific
Page 55 and 56: Dayan, F.E., Watson, S.B., Galindo,
Page 57 and 58: Mbwambo, Z.H., Luyengi, L., Kinghor
Page 59 and 60:
Unander, D.W., Webster, G.L. and Bl
Page 61 and 62:
APPENDIX B. EXTRACTION LAYOUT Table
Page 63 and 64:
APPENDIX C. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAP
Page 65 and 66:
Figure C.5 Fractions from crude P.
Page 67 and 68:
Figure C.9 Fractions from crude P.
Page 69 and 70:
9:1 95:5 98:2 Figure C.13 Fractions
Page 71 and 72:
APPENDIX D. RF-VALUES OF FRACTIONS
Page 73 and 74:
Table D.3 Rf-values of the fraction
Page 75 and 76:
Table D.6 Rf-value of fractions in
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initial characterization of crude extracts from phyllanthus amarus

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