the echinoid fauna from japan and adjacent regions part i

164 s. NISIY AyIA
acteristic purplish or white spots. Oral primaries more or less distinctly" capped ".
Secondary spines flattened, not tightly appressed, the smaller ones spiniform, not
scale-like. Large globiferous pedicellariae, which are often very scarce or even
totally lacking, without an end-tooth and with a beautiful limb on the stalk; small
globiferous pedicellariae with an end-tooth, often very numerous; tridentate pedicellariae
with very slender, simple valves. Spicules of intestinal wall, small, round
bodies with few holes, lying so close as to be more or less imbricated (from MOR­
TENSEN, 1928-b).
From the geological and geographical distributions of the fossil species that can
be referred to this genus, it would appear that the genus was formerly, in the
Cretaceous (Senonian), Eocene, and in the Miocene, rather richly represented in the
European seas, as in the case of the Stereocidaris, and also had at least one representative
in the American Eocene seas (Cidaris mitchelli EMMONS: CLARK and TWICHELL,
1915, p. 9, pI. 1, fig. 7), whereas in Recent times it entirely disappeared from these
seas, being now confined to the Indo-Pacific.
The much discussed genus Stephanocidaris A. AGASSIZ, as used by A. AGASSIZ
(1872-74, pp. 160, 393) and H. L. CLARK (1907, pp. 177, 192), is undoubtedly the same
as Prionocidaris, as in the synonymy listed above, because both names include the
congeneric species, but the name itself is a junior synonym of Goniocidaris AGASSIZ
and DESOR (1846, p. 337).
This is an Indo-Pacific genus in the living, ranging from Mauritius to the Hawaii
and from Japan to Southwest Australia.
Prionocidaris baculosa annulifera (LAMARCK, 1816)
Cidarites annulifera LAMARCK, 1816, p. 55.-Cidaris annulifera LAMARCK: DE LORIOL, 1873,
p. 25, pI. 3.
Cidaris (Cidaris) baculosa LAMARCK: DE MEIJERE, 1904, p. 9, pI. 2, figs. 9-12.-Cidaris
(Leiocidaris) baculosa LAMARCK: TOKU;-';AGA, 1904, pI. 1, figs. 6, 11, pI. 2, fig. 1.­
Phyllacanthus baculosa (LAMARCK) A. AGASSIZ and H. L. CLARK, 1907. p. 15.-Prionocidaris
baculosa (LAMARCK) H. L. CLARK, 1946, p. 285.
Leiocidaris pistillaris annulifera LAMARCK: DbDERLEI;-';, 1903, p. 692, pI. 59, figs. 1-5.­
Prionocidaris baculosa annulifera (LAMARCK): MORTENSEN, 1927, p. 257, pIs. 53, 54.­
MORTENSE;-';, 1928-b, p. 443, pI. 45, figs. 1-2, pI. 46, pI. 51, fig. 2, pI. 53, figs. 4-8, pI. 73,
figs. 14-15, pI. 87, fig. 5, text-fig. 137.-JEA'INET, 1935, p. 11, pI. 1, figs. 10, 11.-JEA;-';"ET
and MARTIi':, 1937, p. 221.-UTINOMI, 1954, p. 34l.
Non Priollocidaris baculosa ROXAS, 1928, p. 249, pI. 1, fig. 2 (non LAMARCK, 1816; , Eucidaris'
metularia (LAMARCK, 1816) ).-HAY ASAKA, 1948, p. 14, pI. 3, fig. 1 (non LAMARCK,
1816; , Eucidaris' metularia LAyIARCK, 1816)).
Locality and geological horizon.-Plateau above Kami-Katetsu, Kikai-jima, Oshimagun,
Kagoshima Prefecture. Ryukyu Limestone, Pleistocene. IGPS colI. cat. no. 73727-A.
There are six primary spines referred to this subspecies at the writer's disposal,
but all of them are partly broken.
The colour of the spines are well retained in its original nature, the deep red
or purplish spots on the collar of the primaries; the collars are usually less than
3 mm in height; these are obvious characters of the species that are almost always
recognized_ The ground colour of the spines are almost brownish, and the distal
half is more or less clearly banded with reddish-purple; there are several (five in