the echinoid fauna from japan and adjacent regions part i

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34 S. NISIYAMA Scaphechinus A. AGASSIZ, 1863-a, p. 359. Haplotype.-Scaphechinus mirabilis A. AGASSIZ, 1863-a, p. 359 (Hakodate Bay, Japan). Tautotype: (lCZN, 1961, Article 68 (d))-(Type by absolute tautonomy). Example: Genus Laganum (KLEIN) LINK, 1807 Laganum LINK, 1807, p. 16l. Talltotype.-Laganum petaloides LINK, 1807, p. 16l.=Echinodiscus laganum LESKE, 1778, p. 140, pI. 22, fig. C (Indian Ocean). Logotype: (ICZN, 1961, Article 69 (a))-(Type by subsequent designation-the designator is enclosed in brackets after the citation of type-species). Example: Genus Holaster L. AGASSIZ, 1836 Holaster L. AGASSIZ, 1836, p. 16 (183). Logotype.-SPatangus nodulosliS GOLDFUSS, 1829, p. 149, pI. 45, fig. 6 (Cenomanian of Germany). [Savin, 1905, p. 37 (173)]. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE FOSSIL ECHINOIDS FROM JAPAN AND ADJACENT REGIONS Although the number of fossil Echinoids hitherto described and illustrated from Japan and the adjacent regions is small, yet there are several interesting and important forms amongst them. Paleontological studies on the fossils from those regions are considerably backward from the studies of the Recent forms, and it was probably not later than the later half of the nineteenth century that the fossils from these regions began to communicated by the scientists. The species which have been described and illustrated from Japan and the adjacent regions as fossil are given in the following list in the order of dates of publication, together with their respective localities, geological ages, and original names. 1. The first work to make its appearance was a notice of Cidarid spines in the description of the geology of Japan by two German authors: NAUMANN and NEUMAYR (1890, pp. 1-45). Cidaris cf. grandifera GOLDf'. Tosa, Cretaceous Cidaris (new species) Tosa, Cretaceous 2. Several years later JIMBO (1894) described a Spatangoid from Hokkaido. Ananchytidium sp. Hokkaido, Cretaceous 3. The important works of TOKUNAGA (formerly YOSHIWARA) began to appear somewhat later, and the first paper on the fossil was entitled "On some Fossil Echinoids of Japan" (1899). Astriclypeus integris, n. sp. Kai, Miocene Linthia nipponica, n. sp. Shinano, probably Pliocene Schizaster recticanaiis, n. sp. Kaga, Pliocene 4. DE LORIOL described six fossil species from Japan in 1902. Salenia (Pleurosalenia) haklzaidoensis, n. sp. Hokkaido, Tertiary Ilarionia yoshiwarai, n. sp. Bonin Islands, Eocene Echinolampas yoshiwarai, n. sp. Kazusa, Pliocene
The Echinoid Fauna from Japan and Adjacent Regions 35. Toxaster tosaensis, n. sp. Tosa, Cretaceous Prenaster boninensis, n. sp. Bonin Islands, Eocene Hypsospatangus japonicus, n. sp. Hokkaido, Neogene 5. The most important work on the fossil Echihoids from Japan by TOKUNAGA appeared in 1903. Salenia (Pleurosalenia) hakkaidoensis LORIOL Yilbari coal-field, probably Pliocene Coptosoma crenulare (A. AGASSIZ) Sagami, Pliocene Temnopleurus toreumaticus (KLEIN) Tokyo, Diluvium Fibularia acuta YOSI-IIWARA Tokyo, Diluvium Clypeaster testitudinarius (GRAY) Okinawa, Diluvium Laganum decagonalis (LESSON) Tokyo and Shimosa, Diluvium Laganllm flldsiyama DODERLEIN Sagami, Pliocene Echinarachnills mirabilis (BARN) Hitachi, Tokyo, and Shimosa, Diluvium Echinarachnills parma (LAMARCK) Etchil, Echigo, and Sa do Island, Neogene Tertiary EchinodiscliS formoslls YOSHIWARA Formosa, Miocene Astriclypeus integer YOSHIWARA Kai, Formosa, and Ryilkyil Islands, Miocene Pygllrus asiaticus TOKUNAGA Tosa, probably Cretaceous Echinolampas yoshiwarai LORIOL Kazusa, Pliocene Toxaster tosaensis LORIOL Tosa, Cretaceous Linthia nipponica YOSIIIWARA Kaga, Shinano, Hitachi, Uzen, and Ugo, probably Pliocene Schizaster n1l11l11l11liticus TOKUNAGA Bonin Islands, Eocene Prenaster boninensis LORIOL Bonin Islands, Eocene Hypospatanglls japoniclls LORIOL Hokkaido, Neogene Tertiary Brissopsis luzonica (GRAY) Iwaki, Neogene Tertiary Cidaris sp. Tosa, probably Cretaceous Pselldocidaris sp. Tosa, probably Cretaceous Pselldocidaris sp. Tosa, probably Cretaceous Cidaris sp. Musashi, Jurassic or Cretaceous Cidaris sp. Cidaris sp. Musashi, Jurassic or Cretaceous Tosa, probably Cretaceous 6. TOKUNAGA reported the following species from the Pleistocene of Tokyo in 1906. Te11l1lopleurlls toreumaticus (KLEIN) Tokyo, Diluvium Fiblilaria acuta YOSI-IIWARA Tokyo, Diluvium Laganllm decagonalis (LESSON) Tokyo, Diluvium Echinarachnills 11lirabilis (BARK) Tokyo, Diluvium 7. LAMBERT and THIERY in their" Essai de nomenclature raisonnee des Echinides, fasc. 1-9, 1909-1925) enumerated a large number of genera and species known to the science at that time, and reviewed (sometimes revised) genera and even species, but at the same time they changed a number of the old familiar names to those that are not acceptable by many authors. The fossil species from Japan and the adjacent regions in their literature is as follows. Salenia hakkaidoensis DE LORIOL Eocene Lobophora formosa (YOSHIWARA) Miocene Astricly pells integer YOSHIW ARA Pliocene Echinopygus asiaticlls (TOKUNAGA) Cenomanian Ilarionia yoshiwarai DE LORIOL Eocene Echinola11lpas yoshiwarai DE LORIOL Miocene Niponaster hvkkaidensis LAMBERT, n. sp. Cretaceous Nordenskjoldaster tosaensis (DE LORIOL) Cretaceous
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146 S. NISIYAMA OYAMA, K., 1950. St
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148 S. NISIYAMA SUGAI, K., et alt.,
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158 S. NISIYAMA general conspicuous
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172 S. NISIYAMA the Miocene forms,
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174 s. NI SIYAMA large Cidarid are
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176 S. NISIYAMA diadematoid structu
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180 S. NISIYAMA MORTENSEN (1940; p.
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186 S. NISIYAMA 337. Salenocidaris
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188 S. NISIYAMA rather deep, 5.5 mm
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198 Test small to very large in siz
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200 S. NISIYAMA There are two relat
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220 s. NISIYAMA MEIJERE, 1904, p. 8
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224 S. NISIYAMA part by a sinuous l
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226 S. NISIYAMA a c b Fig. 12. Temn
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228 S. NISIYAMA plate were divided
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230 S. NISIY AMA d .e a f Fig. 16.
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234 S. NISIYAMA p. 806, pi. 61, fig
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244 S. NlSIYAMA ferous zones straig
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248 S. N ISIYA lvI A is similar to
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252 S. NISIYAMA This genus is chara
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254 s. NISIY A:\IA Locality and geo
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256 S. NISIYAMA demi-plate, form ne
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258 S. NISIYAMA the arrangement of
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262 S. NISIYAMA genus, however, dif
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264 S. NISIY Ai'vIA subdivision of
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272 s. NISIYAMA Lat. 35° N.), wher
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276 S. NISIYAMR Koehleraster LAMBER
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