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Intreductien analysis of chapters 5 and 6 are, respectively, Werth’s (1995c) LexÉ world Lheory and ToLLie’s (1991> model of negatlon in discourse. 1 wish Lo explain each of Éhese briefly, and Lo point out Lhe addiLional frameworks which have been incorporaLed into Lhe two main ones mentioned. One such framework, proposed by Werth (1995c> accounts for negation within a LeXÉ world discourse framework. This model incorporaLes cognitive notions, such as the fact LhaL negation ½ seen as operating against Lhe background of an assumed, expecLed or known affirmative forrn, semantic notions, which have Lo do with the delirnitation of the seope of negation, and discourse pragmatio notions, which condition the choice of a negative bonn in a given context and its funcLion in discourse. These aspects are dealt with by other authors, such as Wason
.Tntreductíen negabive subworld mentioned aboye share the property of foregrounding negative states and events, a notion 1 have adopted torm Giván’s approach Lo negation. However, Werths model does noÉ account for negative clauses which incur in paradox. 1 argue thaL paradox does noÉ Lake part in the general functíon of rechannelling information, but, rather, iL creates a sort of communicative shorL circuiL which gives rise Lo a different type of ontology from the one observed in the previous type. Paradox is also created by means of lexical negation, which is considered apart frorn the instances of syntactic negation. In chapter 6, 1 first deal with what are traditionally known as explicitly negative worcis (see ¡ in order Lo classify negative words according Lo grarnrnatical category. Negative clauses are Lhen classified according Lo ToLLie’s model of negative uLLerances, namely, denials (which cover whaL are normally understood Lo be negative sLaLements), rejections (which include refusals and rejections) , questions, the pragmatic signal no and other marginal fucntions such as repetiLions and supporLs. In rny discussion, 1 propose modifications Lo Tottie’s classification in order Lo account for specific aspecLs of ny daLa. 5. Organisation of the thesis The present thesis is divided inLo two parLs and consists of seven chapters. ParÉ 1, which includes chapLers 1 Lo 4, is theoretical, while part II, which includes chapters 5 and 6, is 13
Page 1 and 2: 21.779 ADIS TO UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTE
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS ACKNONLEDGEMENTS viii íND
Page 5 and 6: 2.3. Descriptive approaches to nega
Page 7 and 8: CEAPTER 4: NEGATION, FRAME SEXANTIO
Page 9 and 10: 6.1.3.1. 6.1.3.1.1. 6.1.3.1.2. 6.1.
Page 11 and 12: Acknowledgenieflts 1 am very gratef
Page 13 and 14: íNDEX OF TAELES IN CHAPTER 6 Table
Page 15 and 16: In troduc ti on 1
Page 17 and 18: Intreduction which rnay contribuLe
Page 19 and 20: Intreductien In Lhe qualitative ana
Page 21 and 22: terms, and in Catcb-22 in particula
Page 23 and 24: In t redu c ti en However, 1 will a
Page 25: Intreductien will account for the f
Page 29 and 30: Introductíen Lo pragmatíc approac
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 1: Basic Coz2cepts 17
Page 33 and 34: 1.1. The objectives of stylistic an
Page 35 and 36: Basic Cencepts inLerpreLaÉJ.on of
Page 37 and 38: 1 Basic Conceptzs perceived as unco
Page 39 and 40: Basic- Cencept.s The significanÉ c
Page 41 and 42: Basic Concepts IC has Lo be grounde
Page 43 and 44: Basic Cencepts ‘poeLic function
Page 45 and 46: Basic Cencepts in Chis inLroducÉor
Page 47 and 48: Basic Concepta exÉent, ficCion ref
Page 49 and 50: Basic Concepts effort on Che parÉ
Page 51 and 52: Basic Cencepte Litrerature effers t
Page 53 and 54: Basic Cencepts is used as a meCapho
Page 55 and 56: Basic Concepts 1 tried te give it a
Page 57 and 58: Basic Coneepts In brief, 1 have arg
Page 59 and 60: Basic Cencepts subjecCion of soldie
Page 61 and 62: Basic Cencepts al. 1994>, Che psych
Page 63 and 64: Notes Co chapter 1 Basic Cencepts 1
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 2: Approaches to negation 5
Page 67 and 68: Approaches te Neqatien Co Che idenL
Page 69 and 70: value gap? Appreaches te Negatien (
Page 71 and 72: Approa ches te Neg~tion supposed Co
Page 73 and 74: Approaches te Mega tien concides vi
Page 75 and 76: , who have been concerned wiLh Éhe
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oundaries of Che hospiLal: 5 Approa
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aCaLemenÉ, while (15> b. ja a deni
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Approachee te Mega tion as meaningf
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Chinkers, S.L ja usad neverCheleas
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Appreacrhes Lo Negat.ten generally
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Approaches te Mega Lien Cham alí.
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Appreaches te Neqa Lien SimS.larly,
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Appreaches te Nega Lien feaCurea as
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Approaches te MegaLien WhaC 1 am pa
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Appreaches Lo Mega Lien Che more us
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Appreaches Lo MegaLien case, we may
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Approaches te MegaLien Che varb ant
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Appreaches te Negatien of chapter 6
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Approaches Le Mega Lien falí under
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2.3.4. Lexical negation Approaches
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Appreaches te Mega Lien VJhaC is go
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Appreaches Co Mega Lien a. implies
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Cha weaker froma containing lexical
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Appreaches te Mega Lien discourse,
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Appreaches Le Neg¿~tien which lead
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Approaches Lo Mega titen smilS.ng,
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Appreaches Lo Mega Lien exCanse wor
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Approaches Le NegaLíen as Lyons po
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Appreaches te Mega titen ‘Deny”
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Apprteaches Le Mega titen Similarly
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Appreaches te Mega titen denying a
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Approaches Lo Mega Lien be expresae
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Approaches te MegaLien languaga. Th
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Approaches te Mega tion an inCarast
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Appreaches te llega Lien Ube writer
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Appreaches te Mega titen WS.Ch rega
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Approa ches te Mega titen aspact, C
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of nagaCion as followa: Appreaches
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Approa ches te Mega titen sacLiona
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Appreaches Le Mega titen iL ja a pr
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Appreaches te Megatiten The conLras
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Appreaches Le llega titen appropria
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2.1. The presuppositional nature of
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Appreaches te Negatien also inLeras
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Approaches te Megatien CradiLional
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Appreaches Lo llega titen logical C
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Approaches te Megatiten S.s manifas
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Appreaches Le Negatien 8. Kempaon (
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Approaches Le llegation 25. Fon fur
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3.1. Introduction Negation aná Tex
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Neqation ami Text Worlds literary t
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Neqation ami Text Worlds wiLh Lhe w
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phenomenon of negatíve accommodati
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Neqation ami Text [Morlás trame as
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Neqataion ami Text Vorlds (op. cit.
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Neqation and Text [Monde Lhey conÉ
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Neqation and TexÉ Worlds integraLe
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A dog tas barking. Negation ami Tex
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Neqa Líen and Text [Monde ground o
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Neqation and TaL Worlds Lime; (lo)
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Neqa talan and Text Worlds a penaan
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Neqation and TexÉ Worlds contained
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Neqa Líen and TexL Worlds discussi
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Negation ami TaL [Monde panameÉens
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Negation ami Text Worlds Jcws) . Yo
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Neqation azul Text WorI, Lhe reader
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Neqation and Text [Morlds and refen
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Neqation and Text [Morlás Ryan (19
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3.5.1.1. Accessibility relations be
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middle. Neqa Lían and Text [Maride
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Neqatían and Text [Marlds cornpaCi
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Neqation ami Text [Marlás world an
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Neqa Lían and TexL [Marlás ficCio
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NeqaLion and TaL Warlds 116) . Thes
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Neqa talan and Text Worlds jusÉ a
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Nega Lían and TaL Warlds Che conCe
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Neqa Lían and Text [Marlds in Chis
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Neqa Lían and TexU Warlds on Che e
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Neqa Lían aná TexL [Marlds as Che
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4.1. Introduction Neqatian aná Fra
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Neqa Lían and Frame Semantics. . -
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Nega Lían and Frazne Seman Líos..
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Neqa Lían aná Freme Semantías. A
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Neqat:on and Frazne Ssmantz:os. est
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Neqa Lían and Frarne Sornan tíos.
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and Pagano (1994) Neqatian and Fran
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Neqa Lían ami Frarne Sernantias. i
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Neqation and Frene Semen tías. is
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Neqa Lían and Frame Semanties caCe
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Neqatían and Frazne Serian Lías..
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Co achieve eChen goals. Neqatian an
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Neqatían and Frame Sel-nantí os..
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Neqa Lían ami Frazne Seman tice.
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MO PS scenes scnipiis Neqation and
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Neqa Lían and F-ame Semantías. el
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Cheenies, which iiend Co fecus en f
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Neqa Lían aná Fi-ante Seman Lías
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Neqation and Fi-ame Semantí os. we
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Negatían and Fi-ame SemenLías. de
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Neqa Lían and Fi-ame Semantios. -
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Neqa Lían ami Fi-ame Semantías.
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Neqa Lían ami Fi-ame Sernantics. E
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Talole D. Neqa Lían aná Eraras Se
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Neqation and Fr-ame Semantíce. - i
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Neqation and Pr-ame Semen ti ca. le
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Neqation and Fr-ame SemenLíos. cha
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Mega tion ami Frame Seman tice... 1
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5.1. Introduction A Text World Appr
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A TexU [Mor-IdAppraach Lo Neqa Lía
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A TaL World Approach to Neqatian...
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A Text [Mar-IdAppr-oach to Nega Lí
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A TexL [Mor-IdAppr-oach Lo Neqa Lí
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A Text World Approach Lo Neqa Lían
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A Text [Mor-IdApproach Lo Mega Lía
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A TexU World Appraach La Neqatíait
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A Text World Appraach La fleqa Lía
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A TexL [MoridAppr-aach Lo Neqa Lía
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A TaL [Mar-IdAppr-oach La Neqa Lía
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A TexL [Mor-IdApproach Lo Neqa Lía
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A TexL World Appr-oach La Neqa Lía
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A Text [Mor-IdAppraach Lo Neqa Lien
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A Text World Appr-aach La Neqa Lía
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A Tex t World Appros oh So Neqa r.
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A TexL [Morid Appraach La Neqa Lía
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A Text [Mar-IdAppraach Lo Neqatzío
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A Text [Mor-IdApproach La Neqa Lía
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A TexL [Mar-IdApproach Lo Neqa Lía
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A TexL [MoridAppr-aach Lo Neqa Lía
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A TaL [Mar-IdAppr-oach La MegaLían
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A Text [Mar-idAppraach Lo Mega Lía
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informative Chan Che affimmative. A
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A TexL World Appraach La Mega Lían
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A TeXL Llar-Id Appraach La Meqation
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A Text World Approach to Neq-atíon
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A Text World Approach to Negation.
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A Text World Approach to Negation..
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A Text World Approach to Neq-atiorn
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A Text World Approach to Mega tion.
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A Text World Approach te Mega tion.
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A Thxt World Approach to Mega tion.
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A Text World Approach to Mega tzlon
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A TexÉ World Approach te MegaLien.
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appendix) A TexÉ World Approach to
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A Text World Appreach te Mega talen
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A Text World Approach te Mega talen
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A Text World Approach to Mega talen
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efcesitment is reader and culture d
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Notes to chapter 5 1. See citapter
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A Text World Appreach te Mega talen
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A Text World Approach te Mega talen
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6.1. Aimz and methodology A Quantal
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alow. A Quantaltative Appreach te N
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A Quantaltative Appreach te Negatal
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A Quantaltative Approach te Negatie
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6.1.2.2. The subcorpus A Quantaltat
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A Quantaltatalve Appreach te Neqa t
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6.1.3.1.2. Z4orphological negation
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A Quantítative Approach te Mega ta
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A Quantítatalve Approach te Negata
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A Quantaltatalve Appreach te Negati
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A Quantítatalve Approach te MegaLi
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te pravieus atudias en tite subject
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A Quantítatíve Approach te Megat
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A Quantítatalve Approach te Megati
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A Quantaitatalve Appreach te Negati
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A Quantítative Appreach te Mega ta
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A Quantitatalve Appreach te MegaLie
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Subypes of coimnunicative funation
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A Quantaltatalve Appreach te Negata
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A Quantaltatíve Approach te Mega t
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A Quantaltatíve Appreach te Megati
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6.3. Conclusiona A Quantítatalve A
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Notes te chapter 6 A Quantitatíve
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Chapter 7: Conclusiona 401
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concl usalen a pointad eut titat, i
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cenclusalons Givón’s modal itava
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cenclusions LexL world, aititer dei
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Cenclusalons baen particularí>’
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Gen clusiens fonegreunded feature,
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Con cl usí 022$ Liteony of litaran
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Cene) Leí 0225 naveal a marked use
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Notes Gencl u sal ene 1. Tite aspec
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AppendIx 9. Clevinger really titoug
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Ay;endlx civilizad world, from BaLt
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A;; endlx ‘Oit, aura. 1 bave Lo.
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App.ndlx intanded Lo aliÉ Captain
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Ap;ondlx 32. Te Yessanian, tite ide
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.4ppendIx couldn’L tind -‘ ‘
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Duiutit.’ (118) Appendix 42. Maje
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.4ppandIx man vito Éook cara of it
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‘TitaL craz>’ Liastand ma>’ b
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Appendix e=nougit noÉ Le ge anonnd
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A;»endlx att].]. a dahicata tramen
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Appendix She steppad aya>’ fnom D
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A;;endlx abseinte trntit in bnihlia
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A;»endlx ‘And titay’re nOL eve
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Appendlx no ene elsa yanta so titaL
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Appendix kant>’ gninnad again and
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otiter.’ (410> Appendix 109. Calo
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App.ndlx Sangeant Tevser’s tite e
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celonal. (481-82) Appendlx 125. ‘
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Ap;endlx 131. ‘Wan’É yen figit
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibí 1 ogvraphy Adatu
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Bradía>’, Bibí 1 eqraph5 R. and
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Speech ACta. Landen: Acadanic Presa
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Sibil oqraph~ Fisit, S. ’ Presa.
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Balbí al ography Havnának, B. (19
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Balbialoqraph~ Lamen, L.T. and M.J.
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225-245. Baltí al o9-raphy Nennick
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Balbí al ograph Piíss~l1 B. (1998
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Bibiiography Tannen, D. (ed) (1993>
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Balbialoqraph} Wertit, P. (1995c) T
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INDICE INTRODUCCION 1. Objetivos de
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INTRODUCCION 1. Objetivos de la tes
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Memoria resumen El análisis cuanti
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Memoria resumen dentro del marco de
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Memoria resumen últimas secciones
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Memoria resumen entenderse como un
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interpretación del texto literario
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Memoria reBuznen una petición. Sin
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Memoria resumen psicología, un cam
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Memoria resumen se denomina clausal
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Memoria resisen psicológica y prag
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Memoria resumen mundo del texto. El
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Memoria resumen de una serie de var
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Memoria resumen 4.1. La negación e
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Memoria resisen sobre este tema se
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Memoria resumen generalizaciones qu
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Memoria resumen encontramos los tip
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Memoria resumen nombre, con reglas
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Memoria resumen generales, el model
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Memoria resumen capítulos 1 a 4, y
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Memoria resumen teóricos, incluyen
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Bibliografía Memoria resisen Adams
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Bradley, R. Memoria resumen and N.
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Speech Acts. London: Academic Press
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Quaderni di Semantica, 6, 2, 222-25
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Memoria resumen Con text: Aspects o
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Journal of Literary Semantics, 13,
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Memoria resisen Norrick, II. (1986)
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learning, in Anderson (ed.), 335-36
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Memoria resisen Spiro, RS. at.al. (
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Memoria resumen Werth, P. (1995b.)
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