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products requirements and solutions will have to be site
• Hydrogenation of fats and vegetable oils in a
Diesel Hydrotreater to produce green diesel
specific. However, a number of issues need to be
addressed. These include the following:
• Production of Syngas from biomass followed
by FT synthesis to produce Hydrocarbon
• Global considerations of supply and demand
as well as product quality
liquids • Increasing trend towards cleaner refined
• Catalytic cracking of fats and oils to produce
products
green gasoline • Shift towards increasingly heavier crude mix
• Pyrolysis or hydrothermal upgrading of
biomass to provide liquids that are suitable for
and oil continuing its dominance as a source
of energy
co processing with conventional crudes • Greater conversion capacity with emphasis on
• GTL/CTL integration with refining –with
accompanying challenges of CO2 capture
and sequestration
residue upgrading as natural gas replaces
residual fuel for power generation in the
energy sector
•
•
Hydrogen production with CCS options
Hydrogen and energy pinch
• Meeting increasingly stringent emission
norms and addressing issues related to
Carbon Dioxide capture and sequestration
• Heavy Oil processing will remain important in
future but it is quite likely that the refining
industry would, in addition, be looking at a
scenario in which clean fuels, petrochemicals
and chemicals are also produced from Bio-
feeds provided that reliable supplies and
facilities for ensuring availability of feed are in
place. The feeds are not very familiar to the
refiners and this lack of experience leads to an
area of risk that needs to be managed
effectively. A major challenge is to ensure
that renewable fuel technologies should stand
on their own economic merit and not rely on
subsidies etc.
Conclusion
There has been a transformation in the face of the
Indian Refining Industry in the recent past. The
increasing emphasis on product quality,
profitability and efficiency has thrown up a
number of challenges that the refineries have to
meet There is no generic configuration to meet all
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Forward and backward integration is accordingly
being given due consideration. The concept of
refinery super sites needs careful examination.
Thus two or three refineries, which are physically
quite far from each other, could look into
synergizing their operations, so that low value
streams from one refinery can get upgraded at
the other site. The accompanying issues of
transportation costs, environmental stipulations,
space availability etc will all need to be examined.
There is a need to educate the customers about
the quality and efficiency of the energy sources
they use. Customers must realize that using a litre
of petrol or a cubic metre of natural gas translates
into more GHG's than producing these forms of
energy. Providing customers with the information
they need to better understand the issue of global
climate change and how they can play a role in
managing their energy use wisely would
contribute meaningfully to addressing the world's
climate change challenge.
Average annual growth rate of net Percentage of India's banking Total number of complaints lodged
profit and salaries/wages bill of
Indian companies in lean period of
business accounted for by private by customers against all banks in
1999-2003, indicating both tend
to move in tandem, in per cent :
12&11
and foreign banks : 30 2007-08, in lakhs : 11.8
Number out of every 100 Ranks of 'credit card related issues'
Average annual growth rate of net
profit and salaries/wages bill of
complaints lodged by bank among nature of customers'
Indian companies in boom period customers in India that are against complaints : 1
of 2003-08, in per cent : 28 & 21
private and foreign banks : 93
Courtesy : Business India