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44 LÁSZLÓ BORHI 177. Rainer M. János-Urbán Károly, "Konzultációk", op. cit., 126. 178. Ibid., 145. 179. Ibid., 143. 180. Urban Károly, "Nagy Imre és G. M. Malenkov," op. cit., 170. 181. Rainer M. János, Döntés a Kremlben (Decision in the Kremlin). Döntés a Kremlben, 1956. A szovjet pártelnökség vitái Magyarországról. (1956-os Intézet, Budapest, 1996.) 112. 182. Rainer M. János-Urbán Károly, "Konzultációk", op. cit., 147.
DEZSŐ KOSZTOLÁNYI AND INTERTEXTUALITY ANTICIPATIONS OF POST-MODERN LITERARY CRITICISM THOMAS COOPER Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, U.S.A. In 1918 French linguist Antoine Meillet published an ambitious work entitled Les langues dans I 'Europe nouvelle. Purporting to offer an assessment of the linguistic situation in Europe "telle qu'elle est, et non comme les vanités et les prétensions nationales ... souhaitent qu'elle soit". 1 the Frenchman descanted on the inadequacies of many European languages. Expressing his belief that in Europe "la civilisation matérielle, la science, l'art même s'y unifient", 2 Meillet lamented that the gradual incorporation of many languages into academic and intellectual discourse hampered this process. He complained that in the 20th century "la connaissance de l'allemand, de l'anglais, de l'espagnol, du français, de l'italien ne suffit plus à qui veut se tenir au courant de la civilisation moderne." 3 There was an unintended irony to Meillet's rueful remark. At the time that he was writing his book the Hungarian poet and novelist Dezső Kosztolányi was formulating ideas about language very different from those of Meillet. In articles published in Hungarian periodicals Kosztolányi expressed views that threw into question some of Meillet's basic tenets. Indeed, in 1930 Kosztolányi penned a response to Meillet's work in which he challenged the Frenchman's conclusions. Meillet, however, ignorant and even disdainful of Hungarian, could hardly "se tenir au courant." Kosztolányi's conception of language constituted a radical departure from the views of his European contemporaries. Though his ideas seem to reflect the influence of German thinker Wilhelm von Humboldt, they also bear startling similarity to the concepts later expressed by Bakhtin, Barthes, and others. Indeed, in both his articles and his fiction the Hungarian poet anticipated some of the most influential theories of the 20th century. In order to understand Kosztolányi's conception of language we ought to begin by contrasting his ideas with those of Meillet. Meillet adopted a conventional approach to language. Echoing Locke's faith in the primacy of thought, he contended that "[la langue] fournit à la pensée une forme". 4 Many of the languages of Europe Meillet thought insufficient for this task. Breton, for example, he dismissed as "un outil si grossier, si peu utile qu'aucun Breton sensé ne peut songer Hungarian Studies 14/1 (2000) 0236-6568/2000/S5.00 © 2000 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest
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Page 52 and 53: 48 THOMAS COOPER words for "weak."
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METAPHORISCHE GESCHICHTENINTERAKTIO
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136 REVIEWS poetry written in Engli
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140 REVIEWS che selbst und der eins
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142 REVIEWS The Kiss: 20 th Century
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144 REVIEWS This, the second story
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From the Contents of Forthcoming Is
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