Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey

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Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey Taxonomic notes Before this species was described in 1987 it was believed to be Hyponephele davendra, a widespread species from SW Iran and Pakistan. Later the specimens were recognised to belong to a new species and assigned the name Hyponephele urartua, endemic to Turkey (Hesselbarth et al. 1995). Habitat and Ecology Urartuan Steppe Brown occurs on dry, open scree slopes with very sparse vegetation (Hesselbarth et al. 1995). In this habitat the butterflies are difficult to catch and this, combined with the fact that they fly only at the hottest time of day (Hesselbarth et al. 1995), may partly explain why there are no recent records. Although the larval foodplant is not known (Hesselbarth et al. 1995) it is considered probably to be grasses (Baytaş 2007). It flies from early July to early August at 1,600-2,300 m. Larval instars are unknown (Hesselbarth et al. 1995). Population Trend Increasing Decreasing Stable Unknown Population This species is very rare. Its population is split between two geographically separate regions - Erzurum (two sites) and Hakkari Şırnak (six sites) - with no records from the region in between. Experts thus consider these two subpopulations to be isolated and fragmented. Nothing further is known about its population size or structure. Urartuan Steppe Brown has not been recorded from Erzurum and Şırnak since 1983 and Hakkari since 1992. The site in Erzurum is regularly visited by experienced butterfly watchers and scientists, yet there are no recent records; this may indicate a decline in the number of subpopulations. 66 Hyponephele urartua Threats Despite the fact that this is a conspicuous butterfly, not easily confused with other species, and the Erzurum locality is regularly visited, there are no recent records and there is concern that this may indicate a decline in population. However, there is no information on the biology, ecology or behaviour and, without more understanding of the butterfly, it is not possible to identify threats with any certainty. Recommended conservation action The sites where this species has been recorded need to be visited to learn if it is still present and to identify any potential threats. Research is needed to understand more about its biology, ecology and population structure. Selected References - Assessment date 18.10.2010 Assessors Karaçetin, E., Welch, H.J. & Red List Working Group participants, Ankara 10-12.08.2009. Karaçetin, E. and Welch, H.J. (2011). Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey. Ankara, Turkey: Doğa Koruma Merkezi. Available from: [www.dkm.org.tr]
000010 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: PAPILIONIDAE Zerynthia caucasica (Lederer, 1864) IUCN Global Red List category IUCN Global Red List criteria VU Vulnerable A1ac, B1+2ac Last assessed for IUCN by van Swaay and Warren in 2000, needs updating RECENT SYNONYMS Scientific: Zerynthia (Allancastria) caucasica English: Caucasian Festoon Turkish: Kafkas Fisto Kelebeği DISTRIBUTION - Global: South and east coast of the Black Sea, on the southern slopes of the Caucasus (Tshikolovets 2003); in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey (www.iucnredlist.org). Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey VU Vulnerable B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) Turkey: Extent Of Occurrence (EOO) post 1980 (km2 ) 13,625 Area Of Occupancy (AOO) post 1980 (km2 ) 200 In Turkey the Caucasian Festoon has a fragmented distribution in the Black Sea coastlands, from c.800-1,700 m, though the lack of records from the mixed forests of the central Black Sea, around Kastamonu, requires further study. As the butterfly flies early in the year, from March-June, it is considered likely to be under-recorded. Reports of recent records from other provinces require confirmation. The current AOO (calculated from records since 1980) is 200 km2 (estimating the area of each 10x10 km2 occupied to be 20 km2 ). RED LIST ASSESSMENT JUSTIFICATION The Caucasian Festoon (Zerynthia caucasica) appears to be a rare butterfly in Turkey. The Turkish subpopulation was last assessed 10 years ago (van Swaay and Warren 1999) for the first European Red List. Although the current extent of occurrence of 13,625 km 2 is larger than was known then, this is still small enough to be of concern. Its distribution is divided into western and eastern subpopulations, and is severely fragmented in the east. There are records from only 10 localities since 1980, giving an area of occupancy of just 200 km 2 . Principally this is a mixed forest species occurring in moist rides and glades. For the last 30-35 years it has faced a range of ongoing threats to its habitat including changes in forestry and agricultural practises, but the new widespread plans for small-scale hydroelectric schemes (HES) and all their associated infrastructure development are now considered the greatest concern. In the western part of the species’ range most of the areas of forest where the butterfly occurs will be affected, fragmenting what is currently the most intact area of distribution. The butterfly is thus classified as Vulnerable. Due to the severely fragmented distribution no regional adjustment has been made to the threat category. Karaçetin, E. and Welch, H.J. (2011). Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey. Ankara, Turkey: Doğa Koruma Merkezi. Available from: [www.dkm.org.tr] Key ©Hilary & Geoff Welch Provinces with records since 1980 Provinces with only old records, before 1979 67
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Red Book of Butterflies in in Turke
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Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey E
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Acknowledgements Foreword 1 The Imp
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The world is facing a biodiversity
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Alcon Blue eggs on Cross-leaved Gen
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The first red list of butterflies i
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are important pollinators, and many
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Tackling taxonomy and revising the
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Red Listing Data preparation - Data
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additional province could, at minim
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Page 25 and 26: CONTENTS full assessments RE Region
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Page 49 and 50: 000230 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: P
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Page 101 and 102: All DD species assessments were car
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Page 107 and 108: 000770 Family: LYCAENIDAE Nekrutenk
Page 109 and 110: 002850 003060 Family: NYMPHALIDAE G
Page 111 and 112: 003680 003690 Family: HESPERIIDAE E
Page 113 and 114: Table 7. Data Deficient (DD) specie
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Bibliography Abadjiev, S. and Beshk
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Munzuroğlu, O., Karataş, F. and G
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van Swaay, C., Wynhoff, I., Verovni
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the best available evidence indicat
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Karaçetin, E. and Welch, H.J. (201
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Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey

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