Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey

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Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey Taxonomic notes No known taxonomic problems or issues. Habitat and Ecology Occurs locally, flying from early July to mid-August, in humid midmontane and subalpine meadows of the Lesser Caucasus and Kars Plateau, usually above 2,000 m (Tuzov et al. 1997). The only reference to the larval foodplant is in Hesselbarth et al. (1995) which reports successful rearing of larvae on Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua). Population Trend Increasing Decreasing Stable Unknown Population This butterfly is local but fairly common wherever it is observed (Baytaş 2007). There is no information on its population structure. 80 Coenonympha symphyta Threats The major threat to this butterfly is extensive habitat loss across its range caused by construction of small scale hydroelectric schemes (HES) in NE Anatolia. Some construction work for these has already begun. Although the amount of electricity from the HES will be small, the impact of the construction on the environment will be high. Whilst the sites most obviously affected will be the valley bottoms and the watercourses, some sections of which are likely to be completely dry at certain times of year, the surrounding landscape will also be affected as rivers are canalised following the contours along mountainsides, tunnels are dug to pipe water through mountains, electricity generating stations are built, pylons are installed to carry the electricity generated and service roads are built to facilitate the construction and future maintenance work (Muluk et al. 2009). These will destroy areas of the butterfly’s habitat over a much wider area and cause immediate butterfly subpopulation losses, especially since this butterfly prefers humid grasslands fed by stream systems. But more insidious will be the fragmentation effect on subpopulations and the resulting local isolation and slow but steady subpopulation declines. Recommended conservation action Revision of plans for current dam and hydroelectric schemes to take account of the needs of this and other butterfly species in order to avoid widespread damage to important areas of habitat. Further research is needed to understand the butterfly’s biology, ecology and behaviour so as to be able to predict more precisely how the current HES will influence this species. Selected References Muluk, Ç.B., Turak, A., Yılmaz, D., Zeydanlı, U. and Bilgin, C.C. (2009) Hidroelektrik Santral Etkileri Uzman Raporu: Barhal Vadisi. Kaçkar Dağları Sürdürülebilir Orman Kullanımı ve Koruması Projesi. Turkey: TEMA. Assessment date 1.11.2009 Assessors Karaçetin, E. & Welch, H.J. Karaçetin, E. and Welch, H.J. (2011). Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey. Ankara, Turkey: Doğa Koruma Merkezi. Available from: [www.dkm.org.tr]
000520 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: PIERIDAE Zegris eupheme (Esper, 1804) IUCN Global Red List category IUCN Global Red List criteria - - RECENT SYNONYMS Scientific: - English: Sooty Orange Tip Turkish: Zegris DISTRIBUTION - Global: Morocco, S Spain, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Caucasus, Ukraine, Volga, S Urals, E Kazakhstan, Altai (Tolman and Lewington 1997), N Iraq, Syria and northern Transjordan (Hesselbarth et al. 1995). Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey NT Near Threatened A3c Turkey: Extent Of Occurrence (EOO) post 1980 (km2 ) 459,239 Area Of Occupancy (AOO) post 1980 (km2 ) 1,640 The map shows a widespread but fragmented distribution in Turkey, with the species absent only from the Aegean, Marmara and Black Sea coast regions and, possibly SE Anatolia. After spatial adjustment (to an occupancy of 20 km2 per 100 km2 ) the area of occupancy (AOO) is 1,640 km2 , though experts believe there are likely to be many false negatives. However, despite this there is a large difference between the AOO and the extent of occurrence (459,239 km2 ), indicating that although widespread, the species is local. RED LIST ASSESSMENT JUSTIFICATION Sooty Orange Tip (Zegris eupheme) has a widespread but local distribution in Turkey. The Climatic Risk Atlas of European Butterflies (Settele et al. 2008c) calculates a possible decline of >98% of this species’ climate envelope in Europe by 2080 based on the most pessimistic of the three climate change models used. Due to the close correlation between the species’ current distribution and the climate envelope (mapped for Europe and including western Turkey) experts consider that this scenario could well apply to the Turkish population too. Applying the precautionary principle this species is thus classified as Near Threatened because observed rates of CO 2 emissions and temperature increases already exceed those foreseen in the worst-case scenario models meaning that this species may well be endangered in the long-term by climate change (van Swaay et al. 2009e). As this species is considered to be facing the same threats in Europe no regional adjustment has been made to the threat category. Karaçetin, E. and Welch, H.J. (2011). Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey. Ankara, Turkey: Doğa Koruma Merkezi. Available from: [www.dkm.org.tr] Key ©Onat Başbay Provinces with records since 1980 Provinces with only old records, before 1979 81
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Red Book of Butterflies in in Turke
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Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey E
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Acknowledgements Foreword 1 The Imp
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The world is facing a biodiversity
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Alcon Blue eggs on Cross-leaved Gen
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The first red list of butterflies i
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are important pollinators, and many
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Tackling taxonomy and revising the
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Red Listing Data preparation - Data
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additional province could, at minim
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present throughout the square (an a
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Melanargia wiskotti occurs only in
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CONTENTS full assessments RE Region
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001570 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: L
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002420 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: N
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Page 35 and 36: 001810 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: L
Page 47 and 48: 003200 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: N
Page 49 and 50: 000230 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: P
Page 61 and 62: 003650 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: H
Page 73 and 74: 000010 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: P
Page 85: 003300 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: N
Page 99 and 100: 003470 Order: LEPIDOPTERA Family: H
Page 101 and 102: All DD species assessments were car
Page 103 and 104: 000380 000840 Family: PIERIDAE Pier
Page 105 and 106: 000360 000450 000540 Family: PIERID
Page 107 and 108: 000770 Family: LYCAENIDAE Nekrutenk
Page 109 and 110: 002850 003060 Family: NYMPHALIDAE G
Page 111 and 112: 003680 003690 Family: HESPERIIDAE E
Page 113 and 114: Table 7. Data Deficient (DD) specie
Page 115 and 116: This list presents the revised list
Page 117 and 118: Code Scientific name Species author
Page 119 and 120: Karaçetin, E. and Welch, H.J. (201
Page 123 and 124: Bibliography Abadjiev, S. and Beshk
Page 125 and 126: Munzuroğlu, O., Karataş, F. and G
Page 127 and 128: van Swaay, C., Wynhoff, I., Verovni
Page 129 and 130: the best available evidence indicat
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Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey

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