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XXII
anfrcfcucfion.
candaku '1 am yoked' .;/. 5334 ,
«/' in ;i few of i p. Cf. K. 4^31 obv. 17: dm-ld-a-ni = camdaktt and
IV. 19 52 b : = although the usual force of;// is that of
the 3 p. (5330— 32). Amiai that the ///Was the ending of the third person for ani-
ir inanimates; but such a supposition is not justified by the facts (contrary
to HOMMEI., Sum. Lesestiicke, p. 100).
§ ( Besides the above-mentioned regular methods 1
first
person,
there are a number of more unusual forms which are worthy of note here. Thus, the suffix
>p [I,] ;' in an apparently first personal sense: ti-il-ba-ab-xi-en-e-se = gummur-
•
anni, probably, 'he has perfected me,' alth mgh the inscription is very difficult. But
in II, \C\ 41 r 1
= 1 p. pi.: a-na-dm ni-su-un-ne-en-e-ie = minammi nidi 'how shall we know'?
The ending -ku = anaku, Y, 20, 5" a , an
equation which must mean that ku ma}' occasionally
m. .m anak -ku also = rt//tf, V, 27, 35 ab . This may have been a differently t
kit from that of the 1 p., which is found for example I 17,32: en-ku = belaku, 'I am lord"
(permA This ku = 1 p. may have been a cognate of ma-e = gd-e). It can hardly have
been a Semitic loanword owing to the equation with atta. In Sc 4, 10, where we find
men — anaku this must also be understood to mean that men may mean anaku. I have
pointed out below that men, the verb 'to be' is used indeterminately for all three per-
;
1
§ 5. — There are several determinative words for the 1 p. pi.; viz, an-ne-en, en-ne-en,
in-ne-en, me-en-ne-en == tnen-men), un-ne-en, all of which = ninu, 'we,' 81, 8-30, III, 3 sqq.
I believe that these are all variants from an original me [an-me-en etc.), cognate with ma-c
and distinct from men 'to be.' This me of the 1 p. is seen in AL 3 91, B: ki-me-ta =
ittini 'with us,' and in me-en-ne = ninu 'we,' HT 119. obv. 24 (see above, II. §4. on e
§ 6, — The determinative 2 p. pronoun in Sumerian, common to both dialects, is
: which, in the texts which I have studied, is characteristic of the 2 p. and never
tes an}- other person except once, evidently erroneously (see below in this section).
It appears as a 2 p. even more frequently than does md-c for the 1 p. Thus, subjectively
r
e. >, . IV,
17, 45 a : sa-e al-du-un-na-as = atta ina alakika 'when thou goest.' and objec-
tively, HT 115, obv. 13 (ES): dim-me-ir datnal-bi ki-bi sd-dib-ba sa-e gu-de-a-bi = ihtsu
istarsu senti ittisu isdsuki kasi 'his god 'and) his goddess are angry with him: they speak
to thee.' I find also sa-e with postpositional inflection, as in za-e-na = ela kati {ilim ul iff),
'besides thee there is no god.' In K. 4612 (HAS, XXXIl), sa-e-ra = ana kaia-ma 'unto
thee.' In one passage I find sa-e used for md-e, clearly owing to an intentional change on
the part of the Assyrian scribe, vis., AL 3 , 136, rev. 7 (ES): kur-kur-ra DUR gal-bi-ne-me-
f-si-mar-bi-ne me-en dr-ri-mu= la hide durSunu rabii anaku hgarsunu rabii anaku
tanaddiua T am the great wall of the mountains; I am their great bolt. The glory is mine.'
This is evidently a deliberate transposition of the 2 p. to the 1 p. for rhetorical effect.
The curious reduplicated form si-si is probably a byform of za-e = kasa, IV, 17, 38 a :
dingir lit gdl-lu tu-ra-ni-ku su-bar si-si-de gir-e-el Sa-ra-da-gub = amelu assu marisu kasa
airis issaska 'the man for the sake of his son, who is left in the lurch, humbly stands
1 If the text is correct, enese undoubtedly = 3 p. in the curious riddle iu II, 16. 48 — 50^: . . . rid alpe's-a
. . . ,'./ • ku-dii-a-ni xu '\ kir-ri-en-e-se = ina la nakimi erat me ina la akali me kabrat 'Without a heaper
who becomes pregnant? Without eating who becomes tat'? The answer mot giveui was probably urpatu or urpittt.
a cloud. For me si. e. mi interrogative instead of mannu, see Jager, BA. Vol. II. p. 277. I regard nakimi-: as
the ' participle of nakamu 'heap up,' 1. e fecundate sexually ' + the interrogative vocalic lengthening, contrary to Jager.
v attempt to connect mde and sae with Turkish ben and sen, 'I' and 'thou', is futile. Hommel
suggested this, Cesch., pp. 24S 249. See above I, § 11.