Axel-Ivar Berglund - Nordic Documentation on the Liberation ...

<strong>Axel</strong>-<strong>Ivar</strong> <strong>Berglund</strong>: They registered as private students.
Bertil Högberg: Okay, so that was possible?
<strong>Axel</strong>-<strong>Ivar</strong> <strong>Berglund</strong>: That was possible, and there were quite a lot of people
who registered as private students as long as it was allowed. But of course it
was very suspect and at the school that we ran at Umphumulo, which was
called a Pre-Seminary School, we were very often visited by the Special
Branch: “Why are you training these people here?”
Bertil Högberg: Did you see any change in the relations of the Church of
Sweden (CSM) nationally on how they saw developments in South Africa and
apartheid in the 1950s and 1960s? Is there any particular time when you
could see that this was when CSM took a stronger stand against apartheid
policies?
<strong>Axel</strong>-<strong>Ivar</strong> <strong>Berglund</strong>: CSM did take a stand, but fixing it to a date, is not easy. It
just grew onto CSM. One of the people who made a serious study of this is
Gustaf Ödquist. He wrote a Licentiate essay; I have it here.
Bertil Högberg: I think I have that thesis.
<strong>Axel</strong>-<strong>Ivar</strong> <strong>Berglund</strong>: I think that that would be about the best source of
information on that particular issue.
Bertil Högberg: Yes, I think he wrote about this conflict around the schools.
<strong>Axel</strong>-<strong>Ivar</strong> <strong>Berglund</strong>: Yes, that was his theme.
Bertil Högberg: Was there any contact between CSM or missionaries and the
ANC in the early days, in the 1950s, when it was still working in the open?
<strong>Axel</strong>-<strong>Ivar</strong> <strong>Berglund</strong>: Again that is a very difficult question. Of course there
were contacts, but they were personal contacts and not legalized in terms of a
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