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^ THE DAN]SH MONOPOLIES LEG]SLATTON BY MAGNI GUDMUNDSSON dissert:rtion submitted to tho F¿¡culty of'(ìradr¡¿rtc Stutlics ol' thtr tJnive rsily ol' Mirnitoba in partial l'ulf illnre nt ol llìo rcqu¡rcrncnls ol' tltc dcgrcc ol' t)o ('To R oF PHtt.osoPt¡Y @ 1977 I'ernrissit¡¡¡ hrs bcc¡r grantctl to tho t.llìllA¡ìY Olì Tllli LiNMill.- Sll Y Ofi lvl^Nl'l'OIJA to lc¡rtl or sell copies t¡l'this tlisscrtutit¡¡r, to the NATIONAL LIBR^l{Y Ot (:^N^l)A to nricrol'ilnl this dissertltion ¿rnd to lend or soll copics ol'tlre l'ilnr, ¿rnd UNIVURSITY MICROFILMS to publish rn rbstract of this dissertation. The autlx.)r reserves othcr ¡rublication righis, antl ncithcr th!' dissertation ¡ror extensivc cxtracts l'runr it uray lre prìntetl or otherwise reproduced without thc uuthot's writtcn pernìissi()n-
ACKNOWLE DGEME NTS . This Thesis hos been mode possible by the odvice ond oid of severol people in the Deportment of Êconomics, Úniversity of Moni tobo. To my Supervisor Profesgor Clqrence L' Borber, I qm indebted for reoding ond commentini o.t the vori'ous drdfts of the Thesis, ond for his continuous encourqgement. Speciol thqnks ore due to Professor Rolph F. Horris, who pronroted my interest in this qreo of study ond who helped in the initiol stoges of the ì/'/ork ' I om of so grotef ul to Prof essor J. M._ Deon for guidonce with the theoreticol bockground mqteriol. To Professors J. Mccuire, J. A. Groy, N. Comenon ond dlI other members of the Deportment of Economics \,,rho hove ossisted me in qny h,oy I express my grotitude. In writing the Thesis I hove olso obtqined foctuol informo- tion through correspondence with the Swedish, Dutch, ond Dqnish outhorities, ond this I ocknowledge. In porticulor I om obliged to Director A. Sonnê of the Þlonopolies Control Authority in Copenhogen with whom I hove hod personol communicqtion. The lcelondic Science Foundotion hos given me gronts in oid for this reseorch whilê the Deportment of Finonce, Deport-
Page 1: UNIVERSITY OF MANI,TOBA THE DANISH
Page 5 and 6: ACK NCI/J LEDGEh'1ËNTS CONTÊ NTS
Page 7 and 8: the Dones, is introduced' Tfie fino
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER T. INTRODUCTION. This Thesi
Page 11 and 12: lve clossify the legislotion omong
Page 13 and 14: -5- lqorket performonce is o multio
Page 15 and 16: -7 - perceived by the buyers - in t
Page 17 and 18: -9- suþject to o limited income, e
Page 19 and 20: - Ìr - Structurol criterio include
Page 21 and 22: -13- orthodox profit-moximizing MC
Page 23 and 24: -15- Monopolistic woste. - þionopo
Page 25 and 26: -L7- through more ropiq technologic
Page 27 and 28: -19- reseqrch qnd d€v6lopment ore
Page 29 and 30: -2L- ment nor the evidence is concl
Page 31 and 32: PAúìT ONE AMLYSIS AND INTERPRETAT
Page 33 and 34: -25 phormÕciês qnd cínimos, ondr
Page 35 and 36: -27 - Prosecutor or the Minister of
Page 37 and 38: devices. _¿y_ Thus the Dones speok
Page 39 and 40: - 31 - orê bosed on the qssumption
Page 41 and 42: "Thê r€oson lvhy the term 'unr
Page 43 and 44: - lq - 3¡b1ic control. - This phro
Page 45 and 46: -37- which olone permits interventi
Page 47 and 48: _39_ Tribunol in the cose of the IA
Page 49 and 50: -4t- Price, production, di.stribut
Page 51 and 52: _43_ through its decisions. ond mok
Page 53 and 54:
-45- An ogreement, on the ôther ho
Page 55 and 56:
_47_ õgreemênt. price moterioLs,
Page 57 and 58:
_49_ low costs, such os choins, sel
Page 59 and 60:
- 5X - token ploce. Otherwise, the
Page 61 and 62:
-53- fixed by on ogreement, the ord
Page 63 and 64:
- 55 - loss-leoders. (fi) If supply
Page 65 and 66:
Supervision Acts. the outside these
Page 67 and 68:
_59_ .unchonged over to the new one
Page 69 and 70:
-61 - octivity wilI hove the effect
Page 71 and 72:
-63- profit stoppoge \^rhên prices
Page 73 and 74:
-65- months (sub-sec. S). ¡n both
Page 75 and 76:
-69- country fix or suggest prices
Page 77 and 78:
- 7L - mojority of the .no.". is ow
Page 79 and 80:
-73- cotion wos therefore deemed un
Page 81 and 82:
-75- to boycott those fqctories whi
Page 83 and 84:
-77 - o different view. Competition
Page 85 and 86:
_79_ net profit. As to the goin by
Page 87 and 88:
- 8l - of the cooperotive's price p
Page 89 and 90:
-83- the commodity ot o price below
Page 91 and 92:
-85- sholl not suspend the operotio
Page 93 and 94:
-a7 - expulsion of members who did
Page 95 and 96:
_89_ 6qlt urorks ond imports from n
Page 97 and 98:
-9L- terminoted by giving o month's
Page 99 and 100:
PART ïlrlo EVALUATION OF THE LEGIS
Page 101 and 102:
-95- decision mode by orgonizotions
Page 103 and 104:
-97 - The costs of enforcing q nuLe
Page 105 and 106:
-99- person. or pêrsons concerned
Page 107 and 108:
professor w. E. von ÊyÞen: - 101-
Page 109 and 110:
-r03- Thus we hove in the MCA c spe
Page 111 and 112:
for fLJrther ciiscussion loter on.)
Page 113 and 114:
-ro7- l. Solories of civil servonts
Page 115 and 116:
ì -IO9- As o porportion of Generol
Page 117 and 118:
- ttt - Iiminory hrork when the leg
Page 119 and 120:
- 113 - stituted such on oreo. The
Page 121 and 122:
- 115 - A primory considerotion is
Page 123 and 124:
_ 117 _ Scondinovion ontitrust. In
Page 125 and 126:
- rI9 - but olso monif€st itself
Page 127 and 128:
-LzL- frequently eiÌìployed is th
Page 129 and 130:
-L23- For other coses recorded the
Page 131 and 132:
-125- Investiootions gnd reseorch.
Page 133 and 134:
-L27- onnuol occounts three yeors b
Page 135 and 136:
-L29- requirements of the public in
Page 137 and 138:
- I31 - The point come up in connec
Page 139 and 140:
-133- quthoriti€s were of the opi
Page 141 and 142:
-t35- be subsidized by the governme
Page 143 and 144:
-L37- CHAPTER 7. THE PRICE.REGUL.AT
Page 145 and 146:
-139- in imperfect morkets, which o
Page 147 and 148:
- 14t - economic eve.nts, including
Page 149 and 150:
-I43- period hos been chorocterized
Page 151 and 152:
-145- fore, need not be mêntioned
Page 153 and 154:
Se rvices. -L47- The MRPC Act 1955
Page 155 and 156:
-t49- r¡/ith. The key question is
Page 157 and 158:
- t51 - desiroble. At the some time
Page 159 and 160:
-153- monopol.y. Indeed, without go
Page 161 and 162:
common to o]Ì businessn¡en. " (Re
Page 163 and 164:
-r57- CHAPTER 9. EFFECTS OF THE LË
Page 165 and 166:
-t59- ond so on, thêre ore now chq
Page 167 and 168:
- 1ó1 - new kinds of busi.ness men
Page 169 and 170:
-163- 'o reosonoble net profit', ol
Page 171 and 172:
-rós- in the rote of unemployment
Page 173 and 174:
-t67- toted rotionolizotion projec.
Page 175 and 176:
-L69- obtoined for o number of regi
Page 177 and 178:
- 171 - Decenniol Stotistics mentio
Page 179 and 180:
-r7s- it would be hopeless to give
Page 181 and 182:
- t75 - CHAPTER TO. CONCLUSIONS. Th
Page 183 and 184:
-L77- other more or léss, thon in
Page 185 and 186:
-r79- thon ossessment in èoch indi
Page 187 and 188:
- 181 - fully cope \^rith olt ospec
Page 189 and 190:
prices ond profits, os forrnuloted
Page 191 and 192:
-185- A finol question worth osking
Page 193 and 194:
Office I ta7 - Iqble II. The Monopo
Page 195 and 196:
-189- Tobte IV. Expenditures under
Page 197 and 198:
-r91 - Chort L. Expenditure under t
Page 199 and 200:
1965 . 19ó6 . L967 . 1968 . L969 .
Page 201 and 202:
-r95- TobIe X. Inquiries mode by th
Page 203 and 204:
-r97- Toble XII. Reoistered individ
Page 205 and 206:
1950 .... - tÕo - Toble XIV. Si2e
Page 207 and 208:
(r) 1949 1958 r960 1965 L966 -20r-
Page 209 and 210:
1947 -49 r950-54 19s5-59 1960-64 19
Page 211 and 212:
-205- Toble XIX. After-Tqx Reolized
Page 213 and 214:
-207- REFERENCES l. Boin, Joe S. ¡
Page 215 and 216:
3r. 32. 34. 35, 36. 37. 38. 39. 40,
Page 217 and 218:
- ¿rl - The fo1lo\"rin9 sources þ
Page 219 and 220:
- 213 - PoIicy, " Americon Economic
Page 221 and 222:
-215- TIXT OF THE þ1ONOPOLIES LEGI
Page 223 and 224:
Day ôeclde that the control prescr
Page 225 and 226:
(2) T¡e Mlnlster of Corûnerce c.s
Page 227 and 228:
Part g Ceneral PTovlalons 15.-(1) l
Page 229 and 230:
(9) f¡r" complainant ûey, withln
Page 231 and 232:
]I March L954, and other regulatlon
Page 233 and 234:
Tr¡nstrt¡on by Monopolt¡lstnet,
Page 235 and 236:
0. (l) Where the lr{onopolics Contr
Page 237 and 238:
(2) ,{nybody who under this Act fur
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