Accounting Standards 1-29 - Seth & Associates

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Accounting Standard (AS) 23 Accounting for Investments in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements (In this Accounting Standard, the standard portions have been set in bold italic These should be read in the context of the background material which has been set in normal type, and in the context of the ‘Preface to the Statements of Accounting Standards'.) Accounting Standard (AS) 23, ‘Accounting for Investments in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements’, issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, comes into effect in respect of accounting periods commencing on or after 1-4-2002. An enterprise that presents consolidated financial statements should account for investments in associates in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with this Standard. The following is the text of the Accounting Standard. Objective The objective of this Statement is to set out principles and procedures for recognising, in the consolidated financial statements, the effects of the investments in associates on the financial position and operating results of a group. Scope 1. This Statement should be applied in accounting for investments in associates in the preparation and presentation of consolidated financial statements by an investor. 2. This Statement does not deal with accounting for investments in associates in the preparation and presentation of separate financial statements by an investor. Definitions 3. For the purpose of this Statement, the following terms are used with the meanings specified: An associate is an enterprise in which the investor has significant influence and which is neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture3 of the investor. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and/or operating policy decisions of the investee but not control over those policies. Control: (a) The ownership, directly or indirectly through subsidiary(ies), of more than one-half of the voting power of an enterprise; or (b) control of the composition of the board of directors in the case of a company or of the composition of the corresponding governing body in case of any other enterprise so as to obtain economic benefits from its activities. A subsidiary is an enterprise that is controlled by another enterprise (known as the parent). A parent is an enterprise that has one or more subsidiaries.
A group is a parent and all its subsidiaries. Consolidated financial statements are the financial statements of a group presented as those of a single enterprise. The equity method is a method of accounting whereby the investment is initially recorded at cost, identifying any goodwill/capital reserve arising at the time of acquisition. The carrying amount of the investment is adjusted thereafter for the post acquisition change in the investor’s share of net assets of the investee. The consolidated statement of profit and loss reflects the investor’s share of the results of operations of the investee. Equity is the residual interest in the assets of an enterprise after deducting all its liabilities. 4. For the purpose of this Statement, significant influence does not extend to power to govern the financial and/or operating policies of an enterprise. Significant influence may be gained by share ownership, statute or agreement. As regards share ownership, if an investor holds, directly or indirectly through subsidiary(ies), 20% or more of the voting power of the investee, it is presumed that the investor has significant influence, unless it can be clearly demonstrated that this is not the case. Conversely, if the investor holds, directly or indirectly through subsidiary(ies), less than 20% of the voting power of the investee, it is presumed that the investor does not have significant influence, unless such influence can be clearly demonstrated. A substantial or majority ownership by another investor does not necessarily preclude an investor from having significant influence. 5. The existence of significant influence by an investor is usually evidenced in one or more of the following ways: (a)Representation on the board of directors or corresponding governing body of the investee; (b)participation in policy making processes; (c)material transactions between the investor and the investee; (d)interchange of managerial personnel; or (e)provision of essential technical information. 6. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost, identifying any goodwill/capital reserve arising at the time of acquisition and the carrying amount is increased or decreased to recognise the investor’s share of the profits or losses of the investee after the date of acquisition. Distributions received from an investee reduce the carrying amount of the investment. Adjustments to the carrying amount may also be necessary for alterations in the investor’s proportionate interest in the investee arising from changes in the investee’s equity that have not been included in the statement of profit and loss. Such changes include those arising from the revaluation of fixed assets and investments, from foreign exchange translation differences and from the adjustment of differences arising on amalgamations. Accounting for Investments - Equity Method 7. An investment in an associate should be accounted for in consolidated financial statements under the equity method except when: (a) the investment is acquired and held exclusively with a view to its subsequent disposal in the near future; or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLOSURE OF ACC
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Explanation Fundamental Accounting
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21. Examples of matters in respect
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Definitions 3. The following terms
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(b) storage costs, unless those cos
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27. Information about the carrying
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performance by different enterprise
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15. The separate disclosure of cash
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22. Cash flows arising from the fol
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34. Cash flows arising from taxes o
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The appendix is illustrative only a
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Interest expense (400) Interest inc
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Interest expense 400 Operating prof
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31,850 Less : Sundry debtors at the
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Short-term funds (650) Deposits hel
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not contingencies as defined in par
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8.6 Events occurring after the bala
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Accounting Standard (AS) 5 Net Prof
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financial statements in understandi
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gratuity scheme by an employer in p
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(ii) expected useful life of the de
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19. A change in the method of depre
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Accounting Standard 7 (REVISED) Con
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8. A group of contracts, whether wi
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a. costs that relate directly to th
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estimated reliably when all the fol
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of which recovery is probable; and
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defects have been rectified. Progre
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incurred for work performed upto th
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calculated as follows: (amount in R
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4.3 Proportionate completion method
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the time of raising of any claim it
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should be based on the sales value
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Accounting Standard (AS) 10 Account
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9.3 Administration and other genera
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14.4 On disposal of a previously re
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either to the asset given up or to
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Accounting Standard (AS) 11 (Revise
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Reporting currency is the currency
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Classification of Foreign Operation
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. income and expense items of the n
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historical cost for those items in
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Appendix Note: This Appendix is not
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Accounting Treatment of Government
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8.1 Grants related to specific fixe
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(The Accounting Standard comprises
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Accounting Standard (AS) 13 Account
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fair value provides a prudent metho
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31. Investments classified as curre
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(v) No adjustment is intended to be
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Treatment of Reserves on Amalgamati
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(a) consideration for the amalgamat
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41. Where the scheme of amalgamatio
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Accounting Standard (AS) 16 Borrowi
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orrowings made specifically for the
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Accounting Standard (AS) 17 Segment
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statement of profit and loss. Segme
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segments for internal financial rep
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24. Business and geographical segme
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calculation done in applying a part
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Secondary Segment Information 47. P
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segment, both primary and secondary
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REVENUE External sales Intersegment
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101 90 Assets and additions to tang
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and intangible fixed assets by loca
Page 182 and 183: 4. In the context of this Statement
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Page 186 and 187: (iii) a description of the nature o
Page 188 and 189: 1. upon the occurrence of some remo
Page 190 and 191: 5. The classification of leases ado
Page 192 and 193: Rs.2,27,805. As this amount is lowe
Page 194 and 195: f. a general description of the les
Page 196 and 197: commencement of the lease term is t
Page 198 and 199: 48. If a sale and leaseback transac
Page 200 and 201: AS 20 Earnings Per Share (In this A
Page 202 and 203: c. options including employee stock
Page 204 and 205: merger is the aggregate of the weig
Page 206 and 207: 29. For the purpose of calculating
Page 208 and 209: 41. Potential equity shares are ant
Page 210 and 211: Note: These appendices are illustra
Page 212 and 213: EPS for the year 20X0 as originally
Page 214 and 215: Convertible Preference Shares Incre
Page 216 and 217: (a) the ownership, directly or indi
Page 218 and 219: the consolidated financial statemen
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Page 222 and 223: Accounting Standard (AS) 22 ACCOUNT
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Page 226 and 227: (a) has a legally enforceable right
Page 228 and 229: 6. If for any reason the recognitio
Page 230 and 231: Deferred tax A/c Dr. 20,000 To Prof
Page 234 and 235: (b) the associate operates under se
Page 236 and 237: Disclosure 22. In addition to the d
Page 238 and 239: . that represents a separate major
Page 240 and 241: infrequently. All infrequently occu
Page 242 and 243: g. the amount of pre-tax profit or
Page 244 and 245: 35. Appendix 2 illustrates applicat
Page 246 and 247: The following is Note 5 to Delta Co
Page 248 and 249: III. Financial Statements for 20X3
Page 250 and 251: 2 A separate Accounting Standard on
Page 252 and 253: 6. A complete set of financial stat
Page 254 and 255: g. segment revenue, segment capital
Page 256 and 257: 29. To illustrate: a. the principle
Page 258 and 259: Accounting Standard to assist in cl
Page 260 and 261: 1. Basic Earnings Per Share 2.Dilut
Page 262 and 263: provisions for employees (b) Other
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Page 266 and 267: 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter
Page 268 and 269: Accounting for the Effects of Chang
Page 270 and 271: a. intangible assets that are cover
Page 272 and 273: ecoverable amount.4 Carrying amount
Page 274 and 275: supportable assumptions that repres
Page 276 and 277: Therefore, in addition to complying
Page 278 and 279: titles, customer lists and items si
Page 280 and 281: Past Expenses not to be Recognised
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The enterprise amortises the right
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assets, how it determines the recov
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e. copyrights, and patents and othe
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Appendix A This Appendix, which is
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aforesaid and expensed in an earlie
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without physical substance held for
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Application and Infrastructure Deve
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On 1-4-2003, the remaining period o
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Accounting Standard 27 Financial Re
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The arrangement identifies those de
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the assets; c. its share of any lia
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separately as part of the inventory
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44 In case of transactions between
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Accounting Standard (AS) 28 Impairm
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4. The following terms are used in
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e. evidence is available of obsoles
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15. It is not always necessary to d
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ate can be justified. This growth r
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38. A restructuring is a programme
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. the enterprise’s incremental bo
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generate cash inflows from continui
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determined excluding cash flows tha
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esult from synergy between the iden
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88. In allocating an impairment los
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paragraphs 106 to 107 and for goodw
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102. Any increase in the carrying a
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a. if the enterprise sells the disc
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ased on the enterprise’s primary
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EXAMPLE 3- EXAMPLE 4- EXAMPLE 5- EX
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determining value in use of both X
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Total 10,000 7,000 3,000 A24. T use
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of the asset for tax purposes is Rs
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Gross carrying amount 1,000 2,000 3
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in forecasting cash flows. This res
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Schedule 1. Calculation of the plan
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Schedule 5. Summary of the carrying
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End of 20X4 A B C Goodwill Z Carryi
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in Rs. lakhs) Year Future cash flow
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Accounting Standard (AS) 29 Provisi
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The objective of this Statement is
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settle the obligation; or ii. a rel
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17. Financial statements deal with
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may result in the recognition of in
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warranties). The other party may ei
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expenditures are recognised on the
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It does not form part of the Accoun
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paragraphs 14 and 21). Example 3: O
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2005, the enterprise's lawyers advi
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an onerous contract as a contract i
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Accounting Standards 1-29 - Seth & Associates

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