Defense logistics agency issue - KMI Media Group
Defense logistics agency issue - KMI Media Group
Defense logistics agency issue - KMI Media Group
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hundred to a couple hundred thousand gallons, compared with more<br />
than 4 billion gallons for the bulk fuel purchase programs. However,<br />
the one-time buys of alternative fuels are still competitively bid on by<br />
several alternative fuel suppliers.<br />
Iden said DLA Energy plans to stick with its basic fuel procurement<br />
processes as the alternative fuel program matures into larger acquisition<br />
volumes. “It is tried and true, industry is comfortable with it, and<br />
they know when the RFPs for our recurring acquisition programs<br />
will come out.” However, one possible change in DLA Energy’s bulk<br />
petroleum acquisition programs is a shift toward more commercialspecification<br />
type fuels. “Instead of military specification JP8, we may<br />
see a move to the Jet A commercial specification fuel used by the airlines,”<br />
Iden noted. “We are in the beginning phases of this conversion.<br />
It is not fully approved, but we are beginning the necessary steps in that<br />
direction. Using a commercial specification fuel may make it easier for<br />
refiners to supply us and may broaden our potential supplier base.”<br />
All alternative fuels approved as a replacement for military specification<br />
fuel for military use will be drop-ins, and will be blended with<br />
conventional fuels, thus having the same performance characteristics<br />
as the straight conventional fuels. So far, the Air Force has an updated<br />
military specification for JP8 blended with coal, natural gas or biomass<br />
converted to liquid by the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process, Binder noted.<br />
Original prices for purchases of the FT product ranged from $4 to $7<br />
per gallon.<br />
The Navy and Army are working on their FT certification, and the<br />
services are also testing hydrotreated renewable fuels, with completion<br />
expected next year. “They are also starting on sugar to hydrocarbons,”<br />
Binder noted. For operational buys, in contrast to testing and certification,<br />
the price of alternative fuels will also be important. “Prices are<br />
going down,” Binder observed. For the latest purchase of 350,000 gallons<br />
of biofuel l for the Navy, the price was $26 per gallon.<br />
“When we started purchasing biofuels three years ago, the price was<br />
in the mid-$60 per gallon range,” Iden said. “Recently, we have seen the<br />
price drop by a factor of two or three for our more recent contracts.”<br />
The next step in gaining economy of scale for alternative fuels will<br />
come with larger purchases in the range of millions of gallons. “It’s a<br />
chicken-and-egg thing,” Iden said. “You must have volumes to lower<br />
cost. But to ramp up to the larger volumes, it will take time for the<br />
costs to come down.”<br />
DLA Energy’s purchases of alternative fuels will be set by customer<br />
requirements. The Navy has set a goal of 50 percent of its fuel coming<br />
from blends of alternative fuels by 2020, and the Air Force wants the<br />
same portion for its domestic fuels by 2016. DLA Energy has calculated<br />
that these goals translate into 387 million gallons of alternatives<br />
blended into JP8 and 336 million gallons blended into JP5 and F76.<br />
Iden emphasized that these are still just goals and objectives. “The<br />
assumption is alternatives will be competitive in price with conventional<br />
fuels by time we buy them for operational requirements.”<br />
Private companies play a very important role in getting fuel to DLA<br />
Energy and to the field where these fuels are needed. For example,<br />
the Supreme <strong>Group</strong> supplies primarily jet fuel to DLA, according to<br />
John Segleski, managing director for fuels. Volumes vary month by<br />
month, but are typically between 4 to 10 million gallons each month.<br />
Segleski said Supreme delivers this fuel to a range of locations across<br />
Afghanistan.<br />
“Supreme has been operating in challenging environments for<br />
more than 50 years, and has been providing services in Afghanistan<br />
for over 10 years,” Segleski stressed. “Supreme made a commercial<br />
decision to establish regional distribution centers to facilitate<br />
improvements in supply chain performance and has developed excellent<br />
infrastructure and storage facilities close to point of consumption<br />
on military bases, thereby reducing risk and enhancing service to the<br />
warfighter.” The company operates a robust supply chain, with multiple<br />
sources, multiple suppliers, multiple entry points and multiple local<br />
partners. “Supreme has the capability to move large volumes in what is<br />
a long, 90-day, supply chain.”<br />
Solazyme is working with DLA Energy and the U.S. Navy in fuel<br />
certification for the scale-up in renewable oil technology, said Bob<br />
Ames, vice president of Fuels Commercialization.<br />
To date, Solazyme has delivered what it believes to be the largest<br />
quantities of microbially-derived advanced biofuels in history, including<br />
over 600,000 liters of in-specification jet fuel and marine diesel to the<br />
Navy. “Since 2008, we have had several contracts with DLA Energy to<br />
deliver to the Navy increasingly larger quantities of algae-derived fuels,”<br />
Ames said.<br />
In 2009, Solazyme contracted with DLA Energy to provide over<br />
80,000 liters of algae-derived renewable F76 marine diesel fuel to<br />
the Navy. A second 2009 contract was for production of algae-derived<br />
renewable JP5 naval jet fuel. In 2010, Solazyme entered into a third<br />
contract to produce up to 566,000 liters of renewable F76 fuel. The<br />
Navy funded the contract option for purchase of 283,000 liters, which<br />
the company anticipates producing through the second half of 2012.<br />
“We believe that our performance of this third contract progresses the<br />
completion of the technical testing and certification program for our<br />
algae-derived fuel,” Ames said.<br />
Solazyme’s algae-derived fuels have been successfully tested in<br />
multiple Navy vessels. Its algae-derived jet fuel was tested successfully<br />
in May 2011 in a MH-60S Seahawk helicopter test flight using the fuel<br />
in a 50 percent blend with petroleum-derived jet fuel. This Seahawk<br />
flight was the first-ever military aircraft to fly on an algae-based jet fuel.<br />
The Navy also tested Solazyme’s marine distillate fuel in a destroyer<br />
over a 20-hour voyage up the California coastline. A biofuel speed record<br />
was set by the Navy when testing Solazyme fuel in a landing craft utility<br />
vehicle. The Navy has also supplied Solazyme’s algae-derived diesel<br />
to Maersk Shipping Line, which tested the fuel in a 300-meter Maersk<br />
Kalmar container vessel over a one-month, 6,500-nautical mile voyage.<br />
Solazyme fuel was also successfully tested in a Navy frigate, USS Ford.<br />
Solazyme agreed in December 2011 to supply 10 percent of the<br />
total feedstock required under a Navy contract for 100,000 gallons of<br />
renewable jet fuel and 350,000 gallons of renewable marine diesel.<br />
This new contract will be fulfilled by Solazyme in conjunction with<br />
Dynamic Fuels and represents the single largest purchase of biofuel in<br />
government history. The fuel will be used as part of the Navy’s efforts to<br />
develop a Green Strike <strong>Group</strong> composed of vessels and ships powered<br />
by advanced biofuel.<br />
The company is now taking steps toward supplying commercial<br />
quantities of tactical fuels, renewable JP5 and F76 to DLA and the Navy<br />
for operational use.<br />
Ames said fuels refined from Solazyme’s oil offer superior environmental<br />
benefits when compared to a majority of other biofuels.<br />
Life cycle greenhouse-gas emissions are reduced by a minimum of 66<br />
percent when used for road transportation, as determined by Life Cycle<br />
Associates, an independent carbon intensity measurement firm. O<br />
For more information, contact Editor-in-Chief Jeff McKaughan<br />
at jeffm@kmimediagroup.com or search our online archives for related stories<br />
at www.mlf-kmi.com.<br />
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