5" day - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture

4. WATER QUALRY WAGEMEM m BRACK~SRWATU~
AQUACULTURE
Shrhnp fuming in bnckilullcr pnwh is m economicall uvlctlvc md a
npidly M n g indm in nun! rropiul nations Shrimp farming promisxi quick
and high rchMs with linle invemnent. Homwr. pmductim of lnmp in ponds IS
often limited by the water quality degradation Pow environmental condit~ons bnng
in a sue of mess thai is unfavwnble for the culturcd animals but favournblc for Ihc
d~sew wing .ponu. Ow break of d ~ruc In ahrimp culnv. synun IS n M to the
mvlmnmmt hrCUH1 m h u dernion~ion of water quallt) and sedimenatlon Thc
wuer muugemenl Md control of mter qual~n uc thcrefm kc) factm Ibr
regulating success in brackishwater shrimp/fish fcum~ng. Haslc arpcts that cm luul
to serious problems are
.
I SNO. FAno"cL . .-.-,
!-%k of proper monitoring of water chwristio
l B. Exceu of phytopLrntton grouzh.
J C. Ur ofchlwinc in !
gron out ponds.
Excessive Liming
. High dkalini~iosive pho~phorous
F High suspended solids'H~gh organic load
' G High toxic nitrqmous and sulfurous compounds
1 H.
bck of pmpr aeration and water exchanw
! I. Over Feeding
4.1 Mooltorln: of wmar chanchrls~er
The physical variables such as pH. Salinln, lurbid~t) and Tolal Suspcndcd
Soi~ds (TSS) and chcm~cal vanable?, such u 0x)gen lcvcl IN). Alkallnit!.
Hardness. NH,. N&. Chemical oxlyen demand ((:OL)). B~c~hemlai ox!gcn
dcmand(BOD), residual chlorine and H:S arc the mort impinan1 pnramncr% for the
management of the pond water The kst gruulh pcrformancc of animals can be
achieved only in optimum conditron of lhesc envimnmcnLnl factors The di~huyc
wuer quality ir directly relamd to the w e water churistlcs Their compuiwn
IS very useful to define standards for regulation of aqua firm discharges
.I.l.I Physical cbanctcristica
Ph)s~cal water quala) parameten required for bracklrhuatcr rhnnip iultux
arc presented m the Tabk I
Watar 1~p~nture
Wucr tnnponturr: plays a vcr) tmpoml role In reguluin& thc utivit~cr of
cultured minds. The optimum kvcl of mpnturc for moa of the brrckiahwaer
penvid shrimp is 28-32°C. The rue of chemical and biological reactions is m~d tcr
double a mry Im i~rcase in tempenlure 7h1s mcanr that aquatic organisms will
uw twice as much dissolved oxygen and chcmiul mtlons will progress twice as
fm at 30.C h 2VC. Thus the dissolved oxygen rquircmml of aquatic species 1%
higher in w- h n in coola uer.