5" day - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
5" day - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
5" day - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
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Nirmlpnmdp~orphaMlrlioapwithurboaradothermocclm#nt,mu<br />
null*nrr tbw rsrbruc cbc Omwrb <strong>of</strong> phmphk&& which u cbc b.+ <strong>of</strong> h. food<br />
urb la culnut rynom. Optimum auuiaii oonaomdo~~ am wbflaod. Sim cDuul<br />
rmsn uc pollucd hly. (herr u pdbllh) dut pwn kmrr an aupplbd wwm<br />
that uc conmmintsd with daKstic rwrgc. Thu uaa carPLu moknte IO high<br />
concamticin <strong>of</strong> nitma, unmonia rad phorphte. When &Id in ponds this wuor<br />
will d l y pmdw phytopllnhon blooms. If ponds arc conruucccd in uus uherc<br />
warn are na pollutcd with sewage, it will bC mefy~r to apply inorganic fenilirm<br />
M IlUIlUm (o fOSU phflOp\Mh @Wuth.<br />
AmaoclL<br />
Ammaria is thc mo common toxicant in intensive and mi-intcnsivc culnvc<br />
s > m . Ammonia is tk principal cxcrrror?. product <strong>of</strong> c~.stace~s Ammonia exists<br />
m rq- solution rc highly toxic unmucd ammonu and non toxic lonvrd<br />
form(NIL1). The toxicity <strong>of</strong> ammonia is known to be afl'rctcd b) water pli, ub<br />
toxicity inc- with iwump pH. Obviously unmonir (oakicy will k a prruer<br />
@lam <strong>of</strong> high pH. Hoanwr, pondr rldan ummin mom Uun 1 or 3 m u <strong>of</strong> tool<br />
unman*-N. Ammanla lnsnuol oxygen oonswnpcion by tluun, dun- g111r nnd<br />
reduces the ability <strong>of</strong> blood to mpon oxygm. Hence, it is v q humlul to qwtk organiwns and should bc belou 0 I mu. Concrnmtion <strong>of</strong> unlonlzed ammonia abve<br />
I mgA arc potrntially lethal. conccnmtions greater than 0 I mp'l ma! advencl!<br />
affect gmwh <strong>of</strong> prawn.<br />
Ntlritc<br />
Nltrlu IS also one <strong>of</strong> Ihc common toxtc~ts In rml-lntcns~\e and lntcnslvc<br />
culture system It IS an mtnmcd~rtc product In the bulerlrl n~tr~fluuon <strong>of</strong> unmonlr<br />
to nlmu. a process cdled nltrlfiution It IS toxic to flah and crusucolns md<br />
Ihercfore Is unporlnnt for squaculturlru The toxlclt) <strong>of</strong> nltnu 1s known lo k<br />
affected by water pH and the prcwnce <strong>of</strong> chlorldc and calclum Ions N~wlte to~clt\<br />
lncrcaxs HII~ Incrcaslng pH It ~CCIE~SCS HI& Increulng cslclum and chlor~dc<br />
wnccntntlons Hence nltrlu 1s more toxlc In freshuatcr than tn scawatcr<br />
In lomi-innruivo d inConrive shrimp culurre ryuoms, unmon* and nivlu<br />
8nc- cqmmnidly over tune in both hatcher) and gmw-oul ponds nm with<br />
frequent wtcr exchange. high conccnmtion <strong>of</strong> unmonu and nitrite ducc shrimp<br />
growth and In extreme crrcs uusc modit)<br />
Nitrite in pram ponds is seldom at wncenmtlons &redl enough to kill prawn. but<br />
the growth may bc advmcl) affected by wnca~~tions above 4 mgli. Ths dcsircd<br />
kvcl u ku than 0.20 m0/1 for maximum production in brrklshwuer culture rysm.<br />
nlrclm- &IpLLd.<br />
HtS is a by produec <strong>of</strong> dranpolttbn <strong>of</strong> dab plum, lahala an4 orguile<br />
residua in h ponds. This rcurnulam on the pond bonom and turn Ihc WII bbck.<br />
The pH regub IIK distribution <strong>of</strong> tolal wlphidcs m p its Cams (HIS. HS'. S J .
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