Towards Economic Empowerment for Disabled People: Exploring ...

2.4 The Rise of the Social Model 31
2.5 Debates on the Interpretation and Application of the Social Model 36
2.6 Psychological Aspects of Disabled People’s Experiences 42
2.7 The ICF Model 44
2.8 The Rights-based Perspective 47
2.9 Social Inclusion, Mainstreaming and the Twin-Track Approach 51
2.10 Societal Barriers to Inclusion 54
2.11 Conclusions 57
3. Economic Empowerment 61
3.1 What is Empowerment? 61
3.2 Why does Economic Empowerment Matter? 63
3.3 Physical Barriers to Economic Empowerment 65
3.4 Institutional Barriers to Economic Empowerment 67
3.5 Attitudinal Barriers to Economic Empowerment 69
3.6 Reconstructing the Wall of Barriers 70
3.7 Formal and Informal Sectors 71
3.8 The Role of Communities 74
3.9 Economic Empowerment through Vocational Skills Development 79
3.10 Economic Empowerment through Self-directed Employment 84
3.11 Economic Empowerment through Formal Sector Employment 87
3.12 Conclusions 91
4 The UNCRPD and Previous International Agreements 94
4.1 Historical Context 94
4.2 World Programme of Action and ILO Convention No.159 96
4.3 UN Standard Rules 98
4.4 Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development 100
4.5 Millennium Declaration 101
4.6 ILO Code of Practice 103
4.7 The UNCRPD 104
4.8 Conclusions 108
IV