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167 . Dunn and Kearney 100-01. 168 . Williams 88-90. See also D. Smith 25, 150. 169 . "The Un-Olympics" 6. 170 . Goldberger 1, 6. (The "American Association for Nude Recreation" was formerly known as the "American Sunbathing Association.") 171 . Coleman and Rees 138. 172 . "Losses on Germany's Nude Coast" 34-35. 173 . S. Mason 20. 174 . R. Mason 19, quoting from the September 7, 1995 edition of the Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel. 175 . "Tourism's Fastest Growth Sector" 5, quoting from Fodor's "Europe 1988" edition. 176 . Coleman and Rees 138. 177 . For an excellent summary of constitutional law as it applies to naturism, see R. Smith. 178 . In Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983). 179 . In Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville, 405 U.S. 156 (1972). Justice Douglas was referring specifically to the Ninth Amendment.
180 . In Justice Douglas's concurring opinion on Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973). 181 . See Lacey and Ellington. 182 . Williams v. Kleppe, 539 F.2d 803 (1976); Williams v. Hathaway, 400 F.Supp. 122 (Mass., 1975). In this particular case, the nudists lost to conservation interests at Cape Cod National Seashore. See R. Smith 36-37. 183 . Barnes v. Glen Theatre, 111 S.Ct. 2456 (1991)--a decision which has been almost universally criticized. See Kozlowski, Condra 141-47, Kellam and Lovelace 599-620. 184 . See R. Smith 35-36. 185 . South Florida Free Beaches v. City of Miami, 734 F.2d 608 (1984); People v. Hollman, 500 N.E.2d 297 (N.Y. 1986); Chapin v. Town of Southampton, 457 F.Supp. 1170 (1978); Williams v. Kleppe, 400 F.Supp. 122 (1975); Schad v. Borough of Mt. Ephraim, 452 U.S. 61 (1981); Function Junction v. City of Daytona Beach, 705 F.Supp. 544 (1987); International Food & Beverage Systems v. City of Fort Lauderdale, 794 F.2d 1520 (1986); et al. For example, State v. Baysinger, 397 N.E.2d 580, 587 (1979) held that "it may be constitutionally required to tolerate or to allow some nudity as a part of some larger form of expression meriting protection, when the communication of ideas is involved." 186 . South Florida Free Beaches v. City of Miami, 734 F.2d 608 (1984); Chapin v. Town of Southampton, 457 F.Supp. 1170 (1978); Williams v. Kleppe, 539 F.2d 803 (1976); Craft v. Hodel, 683 F.Supp. 289 (1988); McGuire v. State, 489 So.2d 729 (1986); et al. See Condra 141-47. 187 . "There is little in [nude swimmers'] conduct that merits First Amendment protection. While there may be an element of nonverbal expression inherent in nude bathing, its communicative character is less perceptive than [display of a flag or an armband in political protests]." Williams v. Hathaway, 400 F.Supp. 122 (Mass., 1975). See R. Smith 36. 188 . See Ableman 48-61, et al. 189 . Baxandall, "To Overturn" 55.
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Preface 205 Arguments and Observati
Page 3 and 4: 10. The sense of "freedom" that com
Page 5 and 6: other North American tribes as also
Page 7 and 8: desire were the first and last cons
Page 9 and 10: Recent research by Sydney Ross Sing
Page 11 and 12: self-esteem, and showed increased a
Page 13 and 14: 82. By refusing to accept the need
Page 15 and 16: creatures of habit, especially in o
Page 17 and 18: As of 1983, about 2 million people
Page 19 and 20: 121. The "body language" of the nud
Page 21 and 22: Florida, for example, closed most o
Page 23 and 24: Christian historian Roy Bowen Ward
Page 25 and 26: foreign beaches while on tour overs
Page 27 and 28: In many pre-Christian pagan religio
Page 29 and 30: 192. II Samuel 6:14-23--King David
Page 31 and 32: Special thanks is due The Naturist
Page 33 and 34: "Florida Solons Exempt Nursing Moth
Page 35 and 36: Laver, James. Modesty in Dress: An
Page 37 and 38: Rudofsky, Bernard. Are Clothes Mode
Page 39 and 40: "West Germany." Clothed with the Su
Page 41 and 42: 19 . John Paul II 186, 189, 190. 20
Page 43 and 44: 40 . Flügel, Psychology of Clothes
Page 45 and 46: 66 . The exposure of breasts is ref
Page 47 and 48: 87 . For an excellent analysis of t
Page 49 and 50: 107 . Glazer 138. 108 . "Florida So
Page 51 and 52: 131 . It is interesting to note tha
Page 53: 155 . 1987 International Naturist F
Page 57 and 58: 196 . Legal questions about nudity
Page 59 and 60: 216 . Ward, "Why Must Public Nudity
Page 61 and 62: 233 . B. Franklin 15:180. In his ow
Page 63 and 64: 256 . Moral codes regarding dress a
Page 65 and 66: 281 . Kass 43; Poretsky 47; Seal 87
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