205ARGUE

180 . In Justice Douglas's concurring opinion on Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
181 . See Lacey and Ellington.
182 . Williams v. Kleppe, 539 F.2d 803 (1976); Williams v. Hathaway, 400 F.Supp. 122 (Mass., 1975). In this
particular case, the nudists lost to conservation interests at Cape Cod National Seashore. See R. Smith 36-37.
183 . Barnes v. Glen Theatre, 111 S.Ct. 2456 (1991)--a decision which has been almost universally criticized. See
Kozlowski, Condra 141-47, Kellam and Lovelace 599-620.
184 . See R. Smith 35-36.
185 . South Florida Free Beaches v. City of Miami, 734 F.2d 608 (1984); People v. Hollman, 500 N.E.2d 297 (N.Y.
1986); Chapin v. Town of Southampton, 457 F.Supp. 1170 (1978); Williams v. Kleppe, 400 F.Supp. 122 (1975);
Schad v. Borough of Mt. Ephraim, 452 U.S. 61 (1981); Function Junction v. City of Daytona Beach, 705 F.Supp.
544 (1987); International Food & Beverage Systems v. City of Fort Lauderdale, 794 F.2d 1520 (1986); et al. For
example, State v. Baysinger, 397 N.E.2d 580, 587 (1979) held that "it may be constitutionally required to tolerate or
to allow some nudity as a part of some larger form of expression meriting protection, when the communication of
ideas is involved."
186 . South Florida Free Beaches v. City of Miami, 734 F.2d 608 (1984); Chapin v. Town of Southampton, 457
F.Supp. 1170 (1978); Williams v. Kleppe, 539 F.2d 803 (1976); Craft v. Hodel, 683 F.Supp. 289 (1988); McGuire v.
State, 489 So.2d 729 (1986); et al. See Condra 141-47.
187 . "There is little in [nude swimmers'] conduct that merits First Amendment protection. While there may be an
element of nonverbal expression inherent in nude bathing, its communicative character is less perceptive than
[display of a flag or an armband in political protests]." Williams v. Hathaway, 400 F.Supp. 122 (Mass., 1975). See
R. Smith 36.
188 . See Ableman 48-61, et al.
189 . Baxandall, "To Overturn" 55.