Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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-2-methyl ester - red-orange Oxypannaric acid -6-methy ester - red-orange Pannaric acid - (green) - Pannaric acid-6-methyl ester - - Pannarin - - - orange Parietin red - - - Perlatolic acid - - - - Physodic acid - - (red) - Physodalic acid yellow-brown - - red Picrolicheninic acid - - violet - Pinastrinic acid - - - - Placodiolic acid - - (yellow) - Planaic acid - - - - Porphyrilic acid - (green) - Protocetraric acid yellow-brown - - red Protolichesterinic acid - - - - Psoromic acid - - - yellow Pulvinic acid dilacton - - - - Rangiformic acid - - - - Rhizocarpic acid - - - - Rhodocladonic acid dark red - - - Roccellic acid - - - - Salazinic acid yellow/red - - yellow Schizopeltic acid - - - - Scrobiculin (yellow-red) (red0 red - Sekikaic acid - - - - Skyrin red - - - Sordidon - yellow yellow - Sphaerophorin - - - - Squamatic acid - - - - Stenosporic acid - - - - Stictic acid yellow - orange Strepslin - green - - Thamnolic acid yellow - - orange Thiophanic acid - orange orange - Thiophaninic acid - yellow orange - Thuringion - - - - Usnic acid - - (yellow) - Variolaric acid - - - - Vicanicin - - - - Vinetorin - - - - Vulpinic acid - - - - Zeorin - - - - Oversight of the most important Pigments Calycin orange-red Parietin yellow-orange Pulvinic acid yellow Pulvinic acid dilacton yellow Rhizocarpic acid yellow Skyrin yellow-red Sordidon yellow Usnic acid light yellow Vulpinic acid yellow Use of UV-light as an aid to Determination Many substances – corresponding as well to the lichen parts containing these substances – glow white, blue-white, or other colors, in the light of commercial UV-lamps (e.g. as used for postage stamps). As a rule, these phenomena are to be seen in the medulla of lichens, therefore a 16
abrasion or a cut is to be recommended. The UV-lamp is used in the dark; the eyes ought to be protected by spectacles. The test ought to be done on a base, which does not glow in UV-light. White paper often glows strongly and interferes with observing the UV-reaction. Many UVlamps allow observing in short wave (254 nm) and long wave (e.g. 366 nm) UV. In the short wave region one generally gets the clearer result. 4 Explanation for Geobotanical Characterization of Species In the attachment to the Key the species of each genus is presented in alphabetical order under the title “Ecology and Distribution.” If necessary synonyms with author names and species names are provided after them in parenthesis. The description, which follow the method of OBERDORFERS plant sociological excursions flora, include in the first line data about the habitat, the association, the vegetation, the higher divisions, distribution and frequency in southwest Germany and environs as well as about the entire distribution in Europe. In addition to the frequency indications, the estimate about the threat of the species in Baden-Württemberg is presented in parentheses. An enclosed in parentheses ecological conception signifies an attenuation: example: “extreme-considerable (moderately) acidophytic” means that the plant is extremely to considerably acidophytic, less strongly even moderately acidophytic. Ecological and sociological characteristics become of considerable value when a similarity with other lichen species is present. 4.1 Evidence about Vertical Distribution and Large Scale Climate The evidence about the vertical distribution and the large scale climatic conditions play a large role in the distribution of the species in each case of examination of territory. These data may not without addition be carried to other regions, and one must always be conscious of their systematic characters. Following altitude readings were employed (applicable to Central Europe, altitude readings for southwest Germany and environs) : Foothills: Hilly country, below mountainous country up to ca. 400 m, with warmth loving communities, e.g. oak-hornbeam forests; growing susceptible fruits and vineyards. Submontane: the transition between the foothills and montane phase. Montane: Mountain region, approximately between 500 and 100 m. Predominantly of beech- and beech-fir forests. High montane: Mountainous country approximately between 1100 and 1600 m. beech-fir, fir-spruce, spruce-forests, high shrubs-mountain mixed forests, shrubby heaths and setaceous grass turf. Subalpine: Krumholtz zone between 1600 and 1800 m, shrubby Scot’s pine, and pine forest outposts. Alpine: Mountain region above the forest and tree line, alpine meadows, dwarf shrubby heaths, and rock fields. The snow level is not included here. Dealpine: From the alpine level down to the submontane (or foothills region) locations (in lower locations occurring e.g. as ice age relicts and by flooding). The amount of rainfall is very significant. It is within known limits also a measurement of relative humidity, since rainfall charts and humidity charts show a rather good correlation with one another. The following representation was employed for characterizing the rainfall level: very low -600 mm/year precip. precip. poor moderately low precipitation 600-750 mm moderately high 750-1000 mm precipitation rather high 1000-1400 mm precip. high precip. very high 1400- >2000 mm precipitation Areas were designated as Warm sites, in which vineyards are possible, as fairly warm such areas in which fruit trees are favored, as moderately cool sites in which corn growing is favored. Mild sites are distinguished by relatively little annual variation in temperature, a small number of freezing days and late frosts. 4.2 Evidence about the Habitat 4.2.1 The Substrate 17
Page 1 and 2: 555 Color photographs 55 Black and
Page 3 and 4: One by one I thank numerous colleag
Page 5 and 6: of metabolism and in metabolic inac
Page 7 and 8: 1.3.2 Extension of Areas Occasional
Page 9 and 10: The lichen species are for the most
Page 11 and 12: through a pore, as a rule it is a p
Page 13 and 14: which are then described as macro-,
Page 15: Argopsin - - - orange Arthothelin -
Page 19 and 20: the case of bark habitats, since ba
Page 21 and 22: providing a process for this in the
Page 23 and 24: Alliance: Parmelion perlatae James
Page 25 and 26: near desert region occurring or lac
Page 27 and 28: Greenwich as well as 47°31’ and
Page 29 and 30: axial mass: to be found in the thol
Page 31 and 32: paraphysoid: arising before or duri
Page 33 and 34: Symbols in the Keys: ! refer to ill
Page 35 and 36: lichen thallus are often deformed a
Page 37 and 38: 5* Thallus not with yellow or pale
Page 39 and 40: cyphellae. Lichesteric acid, Protol
Page 41 and 42: 30 Thallus underside consistently f
Page 43 and 44: Rhizines black to brown-black, scat
Page 45 and 46: 27 On dry calcareous soils (dry gra
Page 47 and 48: Hymenium contains small globose to
Page 49 and 50: 2* On wood, rarer on bark . 3 3 Ap.
Page 51 and 52: 26* Sp. colorless 27 27 Sp. 2- to m
Page 53 and 54: 66 Thallus with Trentepohlia algae,
Page 55 and 56: 102* Ap. with margin, nonpruinose,
Page 57 and 58: 2 Thallus with conspicuous pycnidia
Page 59 and 60: places, very thin, KC+/C+ (transien
Page 61 and 62: 14 Soralia dusty gray-green to dark
Page 63 and 64: ±(Squamatic acid). Above all on Co
Page 65 and 66: Macentina stigonemoides 70* Thallus
Page 67 and 68:
Thallus crustose, thin, usually gra
Page 69 and 70:
larger, thallus not radiate- rosett
Page 71 and 72:
Similar to A. umbilicata (↑), Lec
Page 73 and 74:
Thallus crustose, little differenti
Page 75 and 76:
loose hyphae (arachnoid). Photobion
Page 77 and 78:
own, sometimes (as in A. ciliaris)
Page 79 and 80:
such progressive eutrification of t
Page 81 and 82:
violet. Hym. and Hyp. colorless to
Page 83 and 84:
only rarely fruiting and overlooked
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in the region, yet lacking in regio
Page 87 and 88:
13* Sp. 2 celled, only a few old sp
Page 89 and 90:
forests. (Pruno-Fraxinetum), m.acid
Page 91 and 92:
the remaining indigenous epilithic
Page 93 and 94:
Bellemerea cinereorufescens 20 Thal
Page 95 and 96:
Porpidion tub. - bor-med-mo - r.rar
Page 97 and 98:
25(28) x 2.5-3 µm. Thallus whitish
Page 99 and 100:
8* Epihym. blue-green, olive, olive
Page 101 and 102:
celled. Thallus finely granular to
Page 103 and 104:
Up into the montane zone on dying m
Page 105 and 106:
subneutroph.-r.acidoph., m.photoph.
Page 107 and 108:
Rhizocarpetum alp. - arct-alp - Alp
Page 109 and 110:
Biatora epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Räs
Page 111 and 112:
(Determination ↑ Hypogymnia) Intr
Page 113 and 114:
anisotomic- dichotomous ( ). Branch
Page 115 and 116:
amplitude of Pseudevernia f. (↑)
Page 117 and 118:
11 On rock dwelling yellow-whitish
Page 119 and 120:
B. leptocline 42* Sp. narrower, 9-1
Page 121 and 122:
surfaces, subneutroph.-neutroph., m
Page 123 and 124:
ornamented (spirally ordered ribs).
Page 125 and 126:
quinone containing yellow to red co
Page 127 and 128:
K-, also partially yellowish-gray t
Page 129 and 130:
cinnabar- to dark red or brownish-r
Page 131 and 132:
31 Thallus yellow to yellow-orange.
Page 133 and 134:
Caloplaca alociza (Massal.) Migula
Page 135 and 136:
smed-mo/alp - v.rare (R); süSch (U
Page 137 and 138:
anombroph., a-/m.nitroph., e.g. in
Page 139 and 140:
thickened above. Asci clavate, Cand
Page 141 and 142:
Caloplacetum sax. -s’mieur-med(mo
Page 143 and 144:
C. rufescens sits on high relief li
Page 145 and 146:
Psoretum - s’mieur-med - v.rare (
Page 147 and 148:
5 µm, often shrunken at the septum
Page 149 and 150:
Usually on lime-rich rocks up into
Page 151 and 152:
(Key includes Cetrelia, Corniculari
Page 153 and 154:
11* Thallus otherwise colored. Ap.
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habitats, like Parmelia stygia (↑
Page 157 and 158:
Stichococcus. Exc. indefinitely dev
Page 159 and 160:
Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) Matts
Page 161 and 162:
10 Usually growing on whitish crust
Page 163 and 164:
anitroph., Char. Chrysotrichetalia
Page 165:
1 Podetia (at least at the base) wi
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Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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